The document discusses recombinant vector vaccines, highlighting their development through genetic engineering, where pathogenic genes are inserted into non-pathogenic vectors to stimulate an immune response. It outlines different types of recombinant vaccines, including subunit and attenuated vaccines, and details the production processes and applications, particularly in response to COVID-19. While these vaccines offer advantages such as cost-effectiveness and longevity of protection, challenges like inefficiency of DNA transfer and potential changes during replication are noted.

1. Topic - Recombinant Vector Vaccines
By - Hitesh Sikarwar ( Master's in Biotechnology )

2. ABSTRACT
Vaccines were first developed on an empirical bases , with
infections being attenuted or inactivated as the primary
mechanism . Immunology , molecular biology , biochemistry ,
genomics and proteomics advances has given the science of
vaccination new insights .

3. Introduction To Vaccines
Vaccines a substance that encourages a persons immune system to
produce immunity to a specific disease . Therefore , protecting them
feom it . Vaccines are typically given by needle injection , although
vaccines can be given via mouth or sprayed into the nose.
Below are the general types of vaccines that work in distinct ways :
1. Vaccinesthat have live attenuted .
2. Vaccinesthat have been rendered inactive .
3. Vaccines based on mrna .

4. Recombinant Vaccines
Using genetic engineering recombinant vaccines are produced . A
bacteria or virus’s protein making gene is extracted and transplanted
into the genes of anOKther cell . When that cell divides , it generates
vaccine protein which the immune system recognises and protects
body from vaccines made from recombinant protein.
Biological or yeast cells are used to make recombinant
vaccines .

5. Introduction To Recombinant Vector Vaccines
Recombinant vector vaccines - These are the vaccine which are
made available for use in conjuction with recombinant vectors .
These vaccines entail putting a vaccine component into a
recombinant vector to prevent it from degrading if it is vulnerable . A
eecombinant vaccine is recombinant vaccinia virus vaccine .

6. Types Of Recombinant Vaccines
The three types of Recombinant Vaccines are as follows :
1. Recombinant subunit vaccine are a type of recombinant vaccine which is
composed of many sub units . The pathogenic organisms component areas
follows protein , peptides and DNA make up subunit vaccination .
2. Recombinant vaccine that have been attenuted - Theseare pathogenic virusor
bacteria which are genetically engineered to becoame non pathogenic and
utilised as vaccinations .
3. Recombinant vector vaccines - These are viral vectors that have been
genetically modified to act as vaccinations against particular contaminations

7. Production /Preparation Of recombinant Vector Vaccines
Pathogens that have been attenuted or inactivated have typically been utilised
vaccinations. This strategy sometimes limitedby the Infectiveness , alck of
avaialability , or negative side effects of vaccine material . The use of recombinant
proteins from pathogens is a theoritically viable Choice . It means that the
proteins which are vaccine capable are vaccine capable are has been Found and
can be Manufactured in large enough quantities at a low cost .
Recombinant Vaccinia Virus Production
1. Plasmid insertion Vetor assembly - Vaccinia virus DNA is extrqcted from
fresh vaccinia viruses . Hepatistis B virus herpes simplex virusand influeza
virus genes are now being put Inside the vaccinia virus genomeone by one

8. 2. Vaccinia Virus Recombination - Plasmid insertion vectors and
regular vaccinia viruses are both infect to animal cells plasmids are
taken by the recombinant virus named vaccinia virus while it
replicates the the plasmid insertion vector inserts its genes inside
genome of virua named vaccinia near the thymidine kinase enzyme .
Applications And Challenges Of Recombinant Vector Vaacines
1. Gatekeeper in the recombinant multivalent vaccine processing.
2. Stability And insert.
3. Origin of vector backbone.

9. Recombinant Vector Vaccines For Covid 19
Creative biostructures team Of scientists respond rapidly to the sudden
epidemic of SARS-CO –V-2 by providing precilincal development services
For recombinant vector vaccines against corona virus Infection.
Advantages
1. DNA is relatively cheap to create suggesting that it could be eused to
develop vaccines for devloping Contriws.
2. It protects you For a long time

10. Disadvantages
1. Direct DNA transfer to the host cells is Ineffientlly , particularly in
large animals.
2. Long term impacts are under making such a device risky.
Conclusion
Vector recombinant vaccine Use to be live replicating viruses with
additional gene obtained from a pathogen with generate protein that
aim to provide protection . During the manufacturing or replication of
vaccine with an individual , these vaccine genomes may change to loose
the extra genes and it creats worry that the advancemwnt will
significantly reduce the vaccines efficacy.