Educational dropout is one of the major problems in India and for the whole world itself. This article presents the problem of girl’s educational dropout of Himachal Pradesh in India. The literacy rate (LR) of the state is very excellent up to 82.80%. But the discrepancy of male and female LR goes up to 13.60% and this discrepancy creates a foremost problem with the overall LR of this state. Work has been done to find out the reasons for the most minuscule LR of female as compared to male. So that some suggested measure can be taken to improve the LR of the female in Himachal Pradesh.
Food politics refers to the social relations that impact the production, distribution and consumption of food. It has become a part of the popular consciousness in the last two decades. The use of food in performance is a means of engaging public consciousness and addressing American food politics. This paper provides a brief introduction to food politics. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Tolulope J. Ashaolu | Sarhan M. Musa "Food Politics" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-2 , February 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd20229.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/home-science/food-science/20229/food-politics/matthew-n-o-sadiku
Michael Thomas Sadler was born on 3rd January 1780 in Snelston, England. He was a well-known English political economist and member of the House Of Commons. Sadler was the leader of the Factory Reform Movement and made significant contributions to the Factory act of 1833. He criticized the theories of well-known economist-demographer Thomas Robert Malthus. Thomas Sadler died on July 29 1835 in Belfast, Northern Ireland.
Shraddha Acharya_Demographic transition theory n NDHSMMC, IOM, Nepal
here are some slides on Demographic Transition Theory and the Nepal Demographic and Health Survey's major indicators!!!...hope it comes out as an informative presentation!!!
Food politics refers to the social relations that impact the production, distribution and consumption of food. It has become a part of the popular consciousness in the last two decades. The use of food in performance is a means of engaging public consciousness and addressing American food politics. This paper provides a brief introduction to food politics. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Tolulope J. Ashaolu | Sarhan M. Musa "Food Politics" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-2 , February 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd20229.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/home-science/food-science/20229/food-politics/matthew-n-o-sadiku
Michael Thomas Sadler was born on 3rd January 1780 in Snelston, England. He was a well-known English political economist and member of the House Of Commons. Sadler was the leader of the Factory Reform Movement and made significant contributions to the Factory act of 1833. He criticized the theories of well-known economist-demographer Thomas Robert Malthus. Thomas Sadler died on July 29 1835 in Belfast, Northern Ireland.
Shraddha Acharya_Demographic transition theory n NDHSMMC, IOM, Nepal
here are some slides on Demographic Transition Theory and the Nepal Demographic and Health Survey's major indicators!!!...hope it comes out as an informative presentation!!!
The presentation briefly discusses the main features of National Curriculum for Elementry and Secondary Education - A Framework - 1988, The Curriculum for The Ten Year School - A Framework - 1975, National Curriculum Framework for School Education - 2000, and National Curriculum Framework - 2005
Class 12th Chapter 3(Population Composition) Geography Book Fundamentals of Human Development Complete Explanation of all concept of NCERT class 12th
It is easy to understand. all the topics are taken in preference
All concept are taken under Guidance of Mrs Kavita Chabbra
if there is any doubt please do comment
The presentation briefly discusses the main features of National Curriculum for Elementry and Secondary Education - A Framework - 1988, The Curriculum for The Ten Year School - A Framework - 1975, National Curriculum Framework for School Education - 2000, and National Curriculum Framework - 2005
Class 12th Chapter 3(Population Composition) Geography Book Fundamentals of Human Development Complete Explanation of all concept of NCERT class 12th
It is easy to understand. all the topics are taken in preference
All concept are taken under Guidance of Mrs Kavita Chabbra
if there is any doubt please do comment
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Health and Education Development Level Disparities in Indian Statesinventionjournals
The level of development of different states of Indiawas obtained with help of composite index based on optimum combinations of five educationas well as health development indicators. The study utilizes very recent time point for measurement of development for seventeen non-specific states of India.It is found thatGujaratscores first rank in the health development whereas Odishastands on the last position. In case of educational development, Maharashtra occupies first position while Andhra Pradesh performs very poor in the indicator. Wide disparities have been observed in the level of development between different states of India. Also, Health facilities of the people were found to be positively associated with educationdevelopment.
A UNIVERSITY-INDUSTRY COLLABORATION CASE STUDY:INTEL REAL-TIME MULTI-VIEW FAC...ijejournal
Since 2011, University of Michigan—Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute (JI) has established 122 corporate-sponsored Capstone Design Projects (CDPs) with world leading companies such as Covidien,
General Electric, Hewlett Packard, Intel, and Siemens. Of these corporations, Intel was the first sponsor,
having funded 21 projects and mentored 105 students over four consecutive years. This paper is a
longitudinal case study following three Intel-sponsored multi-view real-time face detection CDP teams with
15 undergraduate students during 2013 and 2014. On the technical side, the system design of face detection is based on Intel High Definition (HD) 4000 graphics and OpenCL. With numerous techniques, including accelerated pipeline over CPU and GPU, image decomposition, two-dimensional (2D) task
allocation, and a combination of Viola-Jones algorithm and continuously adaptive mean-shift (Camshift) algorithm, a speed of 32 fps was attained for real-time multi-view face detection. In addition, a frontal view detection accuracy of 81% was achieved in Phase I and a multi-view detection accuracy of 95% in Phase III. Furthermore, an innovative application called face-detection game controller (FDGC) was developed. On the other side, this research also addresses benefitsof stakeholders. After graduation, a third(5) of these students worked in multinational corporations (MNCs) and two thirds (10) of these students entered top American graduate schools. At the time of this writing, five of them have finished their master’s degrees
and are currently working for famous companies, such as Amazon, Facebook, and Google.
Literacy Level in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana States – A Statistical Studytheijes
Literacy is the most important aspect for progress of people in a country. Higher is the literacy level, more is the civilization of the race. Keeping this in view, we took up a comparative study on female literacy levels in the Andhra Pradesh & Telangana states for Urban and Rural areas separately from 1991 – 2011. The study and analysis is based on secondary data collected from the Census Office of the above states. We used the statistical tools – Shewartz Control Charts for identify Very Poor and Moderately Poor districts w.r.t., female literacy ratio. The analysis, comparisons and conclusions are presented in this paper. More specifically, we wish to state that female literacy has a direct impact on growth of a family.
Education is the most important element of growth and prosperity of a nation. India is in the process
of transforming itself into a developed nation by 2020. Yet we have 350 million people who need literacy and
many more who have to acquire employment skills to suit the emerging modern India and globe. Children who
belong to weaker sections of our society are undernourished and only a small percentage of them managed to
complete eight years of satisfactory education. We need to think specially for them. Primary education is the
foundation on which the development of every citizen and the nation as a whole built on. In recent past, India
has made a huge progress in terms of increasing primary education enrolment, retention, regular attendance
rate and expanding literacy to approximately two third of the population. India’s improved education system is
often cited as one of the main contributors to the economic development of India. At the same time, the quality
of elementary education in India had also been a major concern
A Study of Job Satisfaction among College Teachers with Special Reference to ...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
The study examined the development of education
in India. All the factors which influence excellence in the
field of education are the quality, competence and character
of teachers apart from the infrastructure, cognitive and noncognitive qualities of students and parental support.
Effects of Socio - Economic Factors on Children Ever Born in India: Applicati...inventionjournals
This paper aims at identity the socio – economic determinants of cumulative fertility number of children ever born to women at the end of their reproductive period. The first step is to determine explanatory variables likely to impact the children ever born using multiple regression analysis. The path analysis if used to find out the direct and indirect implied effects of the selected socio demographic factors on children ever born (CEB). The zero order correlation coefficients of various socio economic and demographic variables on CEB are estimated. Percentages of the total absolute effect on CEB through endogenous and exogenous variables are estimated. Direct, Indirect and implied effect of the selected explanatory variables on CEB are obtained by using path analysis.
Our CPM guide includes everything you need to get started in the Critical Path Method - with step-by-step examples, solutions, as well as schedules to help get your next project done faster and easier. The Critical Path Method (CPM) is a simple but powerful technique for analyzing, planning, and scheduling large, complex projects. It is used to determine a project’s critical path—the longest sequence of tasks that must be finished for the entire project to be complete.
CPM, also known as Critical Path Analysis (CPA), identifies dependencies between tasks, and shows which tasks are critical to a project. The Critical Path Method (CPM) is one of the most important concepts in project management, and certainly among the most enduring. But what is the Critical Path Method, exactly? This beginner-friendly guide will help you understand the Critical Path Method and apply it in your projects.
Early iterations of the Critical Path Method can be traced all the way back to the Manhattan Project in the early 1940s. Given the ambition, scale, and importance of this world-altering project, scientists - and the managers behind them - developed a number of techniques to make sure that the project delivered results on time. For a project management technique, the Critical Path Method has quite an illustrious history. One of these techniques was to map out the most important tasks in any project and use that to estimate the project completion date.
The Critical Path Method in project management is a cornerstone of project planning even to this day. How long a project takes often depends on the most important tasks that constitute it.
Effort estimation is a process in which project managers evaluate how much time and money they need for completing a project. This technique is common in software development, where technology professionals define the resources and schedule for developing a new application or releasing an update. These forecasts help create accurate estimates that often require approval before work on a project begins. Effort estimation is a common tool as part of the Agile methodology, which is a framework that divides a project into smaller phases. In this framework, you can estimate the effort for several components of development, including:
Epics: Epics are large projects that several teams manage throughout development. These usually contain several smaller releases and tasks.
Features: A feature is a piece of functionality or design that addresses a user's need. A feature often includes specific acceptance criteria that detail how that part of the product works.
Sprints: A sprint is a short period containing a fraction of work. Often, a few team members complete development tasks in sprints that build toward epics and releases.
Releases: Releases are software packages development teams can deploy. These often contain several epics and features that teams deploy in iterations.
Development teams might estimate the effort for each of these components of the Agile framework or select components depending on the needs of the project.
A software process model is an abstraction of the software development process. The models specify the stages and order of a process. So, think of this as a representation of the order of activities of the process and the sequence in which they are performed. A model will define the following:
1. The tasks to be performed
2. The input and output of each task
3. The pre and post-conditions for each task
4. The flow and sequence of each task
The goal of a software process model is to provide guidance for controlling and coordinating the tasks to achieve the end product and objectives as effectively as possible.
Managing projects and entire programmes is an important part of OSCE activities in the field and by its Institutions and Secretariat. Good programme and project management requires effective planning, proper implementation, monitoring, and evaluation. The Conflict Prevention Centre defines and implements the Organization’s management methodology and tools, and builds the capacity of staff in this area via specialized coaching and training.
Organize your projects with project plans to keep things on track—before you even start. A project plan houses all the necessary details of your project, such as goals, tasks, scope, deadlines, and deliverables. This shows stakeholders a clear roadmap of your project, ensures you have the resources for it, and holds everyone accountable from the start. In this article, we teach you the seven steps to create your own project plan.
What is project? Software Project Vs. Other Types. Activities by
Software Project Mgt. Plans, Methods and Methodologies. Problems with Software Projects.
The HyperText Markup Language or HTML is the standard markup language for documents designed to be displayed in a web browser. It defines the content and structure of web content. It is often assisted by technologies such as Cascading Style Sheets and scripting languages such as JavaScript.
nodemon is a tool that helps develop Node. js based applications by automatically restarting the node application when file changes in the directory are detected. nodemon does not require any additional changes to your code or method of development. nodemon is a replacement wrapper for node.
Node handles these tasks by running asynchronously, which means that reading user input from a terminal isn't as simple as calling a getInput() function.
The Node.js file system module allows you to work with the file system on your computer. To include the File System module, use the require() method: var fs = require('fs'); Common use for the File System module: Read files.
Transaction processing means dividing information processing up into individual, indivisible operations, called transactions, that complete or fail as a whole; a transaction can't remain in an intermediate, incomplete, state (so other processes can't access the transaction's data until either the transaction has
A web server is software and hardware that uses HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) and other protocols to respond to client requests made over the World Wide Web. The main job of a web server is to display website content through storing, processing and delivering webpages to users. Besides HTTP, web servers also support SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) and FTP (File Transfer Protocol), used for email, file transfer and storage.
Web server hardware is connected to the internet and allows data to be exchanged with other connected devices, while web server software controls how a user accesses hosted files. The web server process is an example of the client/server model. All computers that host websites must have web server software.
Web servers are used in web hosting, or the hosting of data for websites and web-based applications -- or web applications.
How do web servers work?
Web server software is accessed through the domain names of websites and ensures the delivery of the site's content to the requesting user. The software side is also comprised of several components, with at least an HTTP server. The HTTP server is able to understand HTTP and URLs. As hardware, a web server is a computer that stores web server software and other files related to a website, such as HTML documents, images and JavaScript files.
When a web browser, like Google Chrome or Firefox, needs a file that's hosted on a web server, the browser will request the file by HTTP. When the request is received by the web server, the HTTP server will accept the request, find the content and send it back to the browser through HTTP.
More specifically, when a browser requests a page from a web server, the process will follow a series of steps. First, a person will specify a URL in a web browser's address bar. The web browser will then obtain the IP address of the domain name -- either translating the URL through DNS (Domain Name System) or by searching in its cache. This will bring the browser to a web server. The browser will then request the specific file from the web server by an HTTP request. The web server will respond, sending the browser the requested page, again, through HTTP. If the requested page does not exist or if something goes wrong, the web server will respond with an error message. The browser will then be able to display the webpage.
Multiple domains also can be hosted on one web server.
Examples of web server uses
Web servers often come as part of a larger package of internet- and intranet-related programs that are used for:
sending and receiving emails;
downloading requests for File Transfer Protocol (FTP) files; and
building and publishing webpages.
Many basic web servers will also support server-side scripting, which is used to employ scripts on a web server that can customize the response to the client. Server-side scripting runs on the server machine and typically has a broad feature set, which includes database access. The server-side scripting
What is as web server?
A web server is a computer that runs websites. It's a computer program that distributes web pages as they are requisitioned. The basic objective of the web server is to store, process and deliver web pages to the users. This intercommunication is done using Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP).
How do web servers work?
Web server software is accessed through the domain names of websites and ensures the delivery of the site's content to the requesting user. The software side is also comprised of several components, with at least an HTTP server. The HTTP server is able to understand HTTP and URLs. As hardware, a web server is a computer that stores web server software and other files related to a website, such as HTML documents, images and JavaScript files.
When a web browser, like Google Chrome or Firefox, needs a file that's hosted on a web server, the browser will request the file by HTTP. When the request is received by the web server, the HTTP server will accept the request, find the content and send it back to the browser through HTTP.
More specifically, when a browser requests a page from a web server, the process will follow a series of steps. First, a person will specify a URL in a web browser's address bar. The web browser will then obtain the IP address of the domain name -- either translating the URL through DNS (Domain Name System) or by searching in its cache. This will bring the browser to a web server. The browser will then request the specific file from the web server by an HTTP request. The web server will respond, sending the browser the requested page, again, through HTTP. If the requested page does not exist or if something goes wrong, the web server will respond with an error message. The browser will then be able to display the webpage.
Multiple domains also can be hosted on one web server.
Examples of web server uses
Web servers often come as part of a larger package of internet- and intranet-related programs that are used for:
sending and receiving emails;
downloading requests for File Transfer Protocol (FTP) files; and
building and publishing webpages.
Many basic web servers will also support server-side scripting, which is used to employ scripts on a web server that can customize the response to the client. Server-side scripting runs on the server machine and typically has a broad feature set, which includes database access. The server-side scripting process will also use Active Server Pages (ASP), Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP) and other scripting languages. This process also allows HTML documents to be created dynamically.
Number System is a method of representing Numbers on the Number Line with the help of a set of Symbols and rules. These symbols range from 0-9 and are termed as digits. Number System is used to perform mathematical computations ranging from great scientific calculations to calculations like counting the number of Toys for a Kid or Number chocolates remaining in the box. Number Systems comprise of multiple types based on the base value for its digits.
What is the Number Line?
A Number line is a representation of Numbers with a fixed interval in between on a straight line. A Number line contains all the types of numbers like natural numbers, rationals, Integers, etc. Numbers on the number line increase while moving Left to Right and decrease while moving from right to left. Ends of a number line are not defined i.e., numbers on a number line range from infinity on the left side of the zero to infinity on the right side of the zero.
Positive Numbers: Numbers that are represented on the right side of the zero are termed as Positive Numbers. The value of these numbers increases on moving towards the right. Positive numbers are used for Addition between numbers. Example: 1, 2, 3, 4, …
Negative Numbers: Numbers that are represented on the left side of the zero are termed as Negative Numbers. The value of these numbers decreases on moving towards the left. Negative numbers are used for Subtraction between numbers. Example: -1, -2, -3, -4, …
Number and Its Types
A number is a value created by the combination of digits with the help of certain rules. These numbers are used to represent arithmetical quantities. A digit is a symbol from a set 10 symbols ranging from 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9. Any combination of digits represents a Number. The size of a Number depends on the count of digits that are used for its creation.
For Example: 123, 124, 0.345, -16, 73, 9, etc.
Types of Numbers
Numbers are of various types depending upon the patterns of digits that are used for their creation. Various symbols and rules are also applied on Numbers which classifies them into a variety of different types:
Number and Its Types
1. Natural Numbers: Natural Numbers are the most basic type of Numbers that range from 1 to infinity. These numbers are also called Positive Numbers or Counting Numbers. Natural Numbers are represented by the symbol N.
Example: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and so on.
2. Whole Numbers: Whole Numbers are basically the Natural Numbers, but they also include ‘zero’. Whole numbers are represented by the symbol W.
Example: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and so on.
3. Integers: Integers are the collection of Whole Numbers plus the negative values of the Natural Numbers. Integers do not include fraction numbers i.e. they can’t be written in a/b form. The range of Integers is from the Infinity at the Negative end and Infinity at the Positive end, including zero. Integers are represented by the symbol Z.
Example: ...,-4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4,...
Programming Language
As we know, to communicate with a person, we need a specific language, similarly to communicate with computers, programmers also need a language is called Programming language.
Before learning the programming language, let's understand what is language?
What is Language?
Language is a mode of communication that is used to share ideas, opinions with each other. For example, if we want to teach someone, we need a language that is understandable by both communicators.
What is a Programming Language?
A programming language is a computer language that is used by programmers (developers) to communicate with computers. It is a set of instructions written in any specific language ( C, C++, Java, Python) to perform a specific task.
A programming language is mainly used to develop desktop applications, websites, and mobile applications.
Types of programming language
1. Low-level programming language
Low-level language is machine-dependent (0s and 1s) programming language. The processor runs low- level programs directly without the need of a compiler or interpreter, so the programs written in low-level language can be run very fast.
Low-level language is further divided into two parts -
i. Machine Language
Machine language is a type of low-level programming language. It is also called as machine code or object code. Machine language is easier to read because it is normally displayed in binary or hexadecimal form (base 16) form. It does not require a translator to convert the programs because computers directly understand the machine language programs.
The advantage of machine language is that it helps the programmer to execute the programs faster than the high-level programming language.
ii. Assembly Language
Assembly language (ASM) is also a type of low-level programming language that is designed for specific processors. It represents the set of instructions in a symbolic and human-understandable form. It uses an assembler to convert the assembly language to machine language.
information system, an integrated set of components for collecting, storing, and processing data and for providing information, knowledge, and digital products. Business firms and other organizations rely on information systems to carry out and manage their operations, interact with their customers and suppliers, and compete in the marketplace. Information systems are used to run inter-organizational supply chains and electronic markets. For instance, corporations use information systems to process financial accounts, manage their human resources, and to reach their potential customers with online promotions. Many major companies are built entirely around information systems. These include eBay, a large auction marketplace; Amazon, an expanding electronic mall and provider of cloud computing services; Alibaba, a business-to-business e-marketplace; and Google, a search engine company that derives most of its revenue from keyword advertising on Internet searches. Governments deploy information systems to provide services cost-effectively to citizens. Digital goods—such as electronic books, video products, and software—and online services, such as gaming and social networking, are delivered with information systems. Individuals rely on information systems, generally Internet-based, for conducting much of their personal lives: for socializing, study, shopping, banking, and entertainment.
As major new technologies for recording and processing information were invented over the millennia, new capabilities appeared, and people became empowered. The invention of the printing press by Johannes Gutenberg in the mid-15th century and the invention of a mechanical calculator by Blaise Pascal in the 17th century are but two examples. These inventions led to a profound revolution in the ability to record, process, disseminate, and reach for information and knowledge. This led, in turn, to even deeper changes in individual lives, business organization, and human governance.
The first large-scale mechanical information system was Herman Hollerith’s census tabulator. Invented in time to process the 1890 U.S. census, Hollerith’s machine represented a major step in automation, as well as an inspiration to develop computerized information systems.
One of the first computers used for such information processing was the UNIVAC I, installed at the U.S. Bureau of the Census in 1951 for administrative use and at General Electric in 1954 for commercial use. Beginning in the late 1970s, personal computers brought some of the advantages of information systems to small businesses and to individuals. Early in the same decade, the Internet began its expansion as a global network of networks. In 1991 the World Wide Web, invented by Tim Berners-Lee as a means to access the interlinked information stored in the globally dispersed computers connected by the Internet, began operation and became the principal service delivered on the network. The global penetration of the...
Applications of Computer Science in Pharmacy
Computer is mandatory in this advanced era and pharmacy and related subjects are not exception to it. This review mainly focuses on the various applications, software’s and use of computers in pharmacy. Computer science and technology is deeply utilized in pharmacy field everywhere like in pharmacy colleges, pharmaceutical industries, research centers, hospital pharmacy and many more. Computer significantly reduces the time, expenditure, and manpower required for any kind of work. Development of various softwares makes it trouble-free to handle huge data. In short, computers are playing critical role in pharmacy field, without computers pharmacy research will be long-lasting andexpensive.
Pharmacy field plays a crucial role in patient health care. It is a huge field which is present worldwide. To run pharmacy field professionally and efficiently, it requires huge management and manpower. But nowadays use of computers in pharmacy field reduced the manpower and time. Computers are almost related to every corner of pharmacy field. These are utilized in the drug design technique, retail pharmacy shop, clinical research centers, crude drug identification,drug storage and business management, hospital and clinical pharmacy, in pharmacy colleges for computer-assisted learning.
The Internet is a huge collection of data. It is available with just one click. Various search engines like Google, Yahoo, Rediff, and Bing help in searching online data related to the pharmacy field just one has to enter his or her area of interest in the search engine.
In the Pharmacy field, effective use of computers started in 1980. Since then there is a great demand for computers in the pharmacy field. Computers are having their own advantages like reduction in time, accuracy, and reduction in manpower, speed, multitasking, non-fatigued, high memory, data storage and many more.
Computers in pharmacy are used for the information of drug data, records and files, drug management (creating, modifying, adding and deleting data in patient files to generate reports), business details.
Applications of Computer Science in Pharmacy
Computer is mandatory in this advanced era and pharmacy and related subjects are not exception to it. This review mainly focuses on the various applications, software’s and use of computers in pharmacy. Computer science and technology is deeply utilized in pharmacy field everywhere like in pharmacy colleges, pharmaceutical industries, research centers, hospital pharmacy and many more. Computer significantly reduces the time, expenditure, and manpower required for any kind of work. Development of various softwares makes it trouble-free to handle huge data. In short, computers are playing critical role in pharmacy field, without computers pharmacy research will be long-lasting andexpensive.
Pharmacy field plays a crucial role in patient health care. It is a huge field which is present worldwide. To run pharmacy field professionally and efficiently, it requires huge management and manpower. But nowadays use of computers in pharmacy field reduced the manpower and time. Computers are almost related to every corner of pharmacy field. These are utilized in the drug design technique, retail pharmacy shop, clinical research centers, crude drug identification,drug storage and business management, hospital and clinical pharmacy, in pharmacy colleges for computer assistedlearning.
Internet is huge collection of data. It is available in just one click. Various search engines like Google, Yahoo, Rediff, Bing help in searching online data related to pharmacy field just one have to enter his or her area of interest in search engine.
In Pharmacy field, effective use of computers started from 1980. Since then there is great demand of computers in pharmacy field. Computers are having their own advantages like reduction in time, accuracy, and reduction in man power, speed, multitasking, non-fatiguness, high memory, data storage and many more.
USE OF INTERNET IN PHARMACY
Internet is collection of huge data. And this data is available for us in just a one click. Internet is useful tool in literature survey. Books are also available on the internet. Various research journals can be easily accessed via internet. There are number of web-sites which are related to pharmacy field. Some of these web sites are as follows;
www.phrma.org
Organization representing America's pharmaceutical research companies provides details of drug development, industry news, and health guides.
www.healthcareforums.com
Created to facilitate interaction among healthcare professionals on specific topics which include discussion of cases, research and other relevant issues.
www.astra.com
This is the official web-site of ASTRA pharmaceuticals which produces medications for respiratory tract, cardiovascular and gastrointestinal diseases, and for pain
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
for beginners, providing thorough training in areas such as SEO, digital communication marketing, and PPC training in Noida. After finishing the program, students receive the certifications recognised by top different universitie, setting a strong foundation for a successful career in digital marketing.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
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Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
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Reasons for lower literacy among girls in himachal pradesh
1. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TECHNOLOGY AND COMPUTING (IJTC)
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Reasons for Lower Literacy among Girls in
Himachal Pradesh
Mukesh Kumar1
, Prof (Dr.) A. J. Singh2
1
PhD Research Scholar, 2
Professor
12
Computer Science Department, HP University, Shimla.
Abstract: Educational dropout is one of the major problems in India and for the whole world itself. This article presents the
problem of girl’s educational dropout of Himachal Pradesh in India. The literacy rate (LR) of the state is very excellent up to
82.80%. But the discrepancy of male and female LR goes up to 13.60% and this discrepancy creates a foremost problem with the
overall LR of this state. Work has been done to find out the reasons for the most minuscule LR of female as compared to male. So
that some suggested measure can be taken to improve the LR of female in Himachal Pradesh.
Keywords: Education, Literacy rate, Census rate, Educational problems, Data Analysis.
I. INTRODUCTION
Education plays a very important role for the overall
development of the person and the society as a whole. It
makes a person to make a difference between right and
wrong. The development of any country depends upon the
educational system over there. Education makes a person,
how to use their knowledge for the growth of the society
and community in which they live. Every country has their
own education system and their implementation. Here work
has been done to understand the factors of educational
dropout in India. Dropout problem is very serious at every
level of education but the most serious problem arises at
primary level. There are lots of factors considered for the
analysis like Expectations of Domesticity, Safety,
Infrastructure Barriers, Quality of education, Economically
and socially disadvantaged children, Poor facilities by
government, Gender gaps, Private schools are not
affordable for all, Parents uneducated and poverty control,
The importance of a girl’s education is still not understood,
A parent dies, Physical disorders, Mental Retardation, Child
labour (Employment), Family issues accounted etc.
II. EDUCATIONAL PROCESS IN INDIA
Educational process in India is very simple to understand.
There is no formal examination up to 9th
standard by CBSE
and much state educational boards. Educational board of
any state fix the curriculum for each class standard and
every institution/ school must have follow these. There is no
flexibility in choosing syllabus according to the interest of
the student. Students are forced to read those students also
in which they are not interested. The entire subjects are
common to boys and girls up to 10th
standard. The interest
of the student is not taken into consideration while framing
curriculum for that. This stage (up to 11-15 years) is very
critical for the educational growth of the students and must
give freedom to choose the subject according to their
interest. But here in India up to this standard (10th
standards) students not getting much freedom to choose
subject according there interest. In India we have a fixed
standard and process in education. In Bloch diagram below,
Indian education system must be shown:
Block diagram: Indian Education System process
For the block diagram it is clear that we have some fixed
standard in education process like Nursery, Primary,
Secondary, Higher secondary, Graduation and Post
Graduation. After completion of secondary education,
student gets a lot alternative like Arts with different subject
option, commerce, Medical Science, Non-Medical,
Polytechnics, Pharmacy and many more. But all these are
done very late as point of view of student. All the option
given to then should be at secondary education level. It will
help them a lot in their future prospective.
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III. EDUCATIONAL/LITERACY STATISTICS OF
HIMACHAL PRADESH IN 2016
Till Independence, the status of education in Himachal
Pradesh (HP) was very poor. The LR of HP is very low
(nearby eight percentages) as compared to other states and
union territory of India. HP had the lowest LR in India at
the time of independence. But after independence HP made
a tremendous growth in the literacy rate. The growth rate of
literacy rate is very good and at present HP is stood at 11th
position among all states and union territories as well. At
present, LR of HP is 82.80% as per 2011 census. But the
main problem is with the LR of male verses female ratio.
The literacy of male is 89.53% while for female it is
75.93%. The difference in the literacy rate between male
and female is near about 13.60% (www.census2011.co.in).
If the LR of female is increased up to the level of male then
the overall literacy rate is also increased. Central as well as
State governments making a lot of afford to increase the
LR. All the information related different policies and rules
are available with the Department of School Education and
Literacy under department of Higher Education, Ministry of
HRD and Government of India.
In 2001, overall LR is 76.48% in which the male and female are 85.35% and 67.42% respectively. Here difference between
male and female LR was 17.93%. Here a brief report from 1951-2011 growth rates in LR is given for reference in Table 1:
Table 1: Literacy rate of Himachal Pradesh since 1951 - 2011
Years Overall literacy
rate
Males literacy
rate
Females literacy
rate
Difference between male and female
literacy rate
1951 7.98 -- -- --
1961 21.3 -- -- --
1971 31.96 43.19 20.23 22.96
1981 42.48 53.19 31.46 21.73
1991 63.86 75.36 52.13 23.23
2001*
76.48 85.35 67.42 17.93
2011*
82.80 89.53 75.93 13.60
After analysing this table, it is clear that HP making a rapid
growth in education sector and hence at present hold a very
respectable position (11th position) among all states and
union territory. But the difference between male and female
LR is one of the major problem factor for Himachal Pradesh
Government.
Figure 1: Graphical representation of LR of Himachal Pradesh since 1951 – 2011
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1971 1981 1991 2001* 2011*
31.96
42.48
63.86
76.48
82.8
43.19
53.19
75.36
85.35
89.53
20.23
31.46
52.13
67.42
75.93
22.96 21.73 23.23
17.93
13.6
Overall literacy rate 7.98 21.3
Males literacy rate -- --
Females literacy rate -- --
Difference between male and female
literacy rate -- --
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In last two decade, difference should be decreased from
23.23% in 1991 to 17.93% and 13.60% in 2001 and 2011
respectively. Still 13.60% difference is a problematic
situation for the overall growth of the State.
At the end of this section, gender wise literacy rate are
computed for 2001 and 2011 and then find the difference.
The result shows that only district Shimla was really doing
well since last 10 year from 2001-2011 with least progress
in Lahul-spiti district with 1.65%. The district wise literacy
rate are computed and shown in the table 2 below:
Table 2: District wise Gender Literacy rate gap between 2001- 2011 with difference
S.No District Gender Gap 2001 Gender Gap 2011 Difference
1 L & Spiti 22.12 20.47 1.65
2 Kangra 14.53 11.93 2.6
3 Bilaspur 16.49 13.49 3
4 Una 14.55 11.08 3.47
5 Kinnaur 19.9 16.31 3.59
6 Hamirpur 15.35 11.73 3.62
7 Solan 17.86 13.17 4.69
8 Sirmaur 18.99 14.21 4.78
9 Mandi 21.12 15.9 5.22
10 Kullu 23.1 16.48 6.62
11 Chamba 27.56 20.92 6.64
12 Shimla 17.12 2.4 14.72
The graphical representation of the above table is also
shown below. District Chamba, Kullu and Mandi were
also done remarkable progress. The overall LR of the
state is more the 80.00% that was good news for all, but
the gap between male and female LR is still a major
problem of concern.
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
L&Spiti
Kangra
Bilaspur
Una
Kinnaur
Hamirpur
Solan
Sirmaur
Mandi
Kullu
Chamba
Shimla
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
22.12
14.53
16.49
14.55
19.9
15.35
17.86
18.99
21.12
23.1
27.56
17.12
20.47
11.93
13.49
11.08
16.31
11.73
13.17 14.21
15.9 16.48
20.92
2.41.65 2.6 3 3.47 3.59 3.62 4.69 4.78 5.22
6.62 6.64
14.72
Gender Gap 2001
Gender Gap 2011
Difference
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Figure 2: Graphical representation of Gender LR Gaps between 2001- 2011 with difference
IV. HIMACHAL PRADESH URBAN AND RURAL
POPULATION 2011
In this section, work has been done to check whether the
urban or rural population factor effect the LR of the state
or not. From search done on different search engine, out
of total population of the state only 10.03% are live in the
urban area and rest of all (app. 89.97%) are line in rural
area. From the table below, it is clear that the overall LR
of urban population is very impressing in all respect
(male and female LR). The variation of female literacy
rate is very surprising with less than 1% as compared to
male which is nearly 4.37%. The average LR between
urban and rural population is nearby 10.00%.
The main reasons behind these types of statistics are due
to more basic facilities in the urban as compared to rural
area. Almost all the reputed institution is present in the
urban area of the state. In table 2. Brief reports of LR of
HP are stated according to rural and urban population:
Table 3: LR of Himachal Pradesh according to Rural and Urban population
Description Rural (R) Urban (U) Difference between Rural and
Urban Literacy
Average Literacy 81.85% 91.10% 9.25%
Male Literacy 89.05% 93.42% 4.37%
Female Literacy 73.42% 74.25% 0.83%
To increase the overall LR of the state care must be taken
to improve the standard of education in the rural area.
And at the last most important is to provide some help to
improve the LR of female which is less than 75% both in
rural and urban area.
Fig 3: Graphical representation of LR in HP according to Rural and Urban population
V. FACTORS EFFECTING THE STUDENT
EDUCATION IN HP:
There are lots of factors which interruption the education
system of any country. It plays a very important role for
the development of society and community. Education
makes a person how to use their knowledge in solving
real life problem very intelligently. It is the practical
implementation of the knowledge for the development of
the country. The government definition of the literacy in
India is that it doesn’t necessarily enable a person to read
and write something in real life. To write this report lot of
government, research, summary, articles and blogs are
studied and then find some important points which are
mostly create problems for the smooth implementation of
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
1 2 3 4 5 6
81.85%
89.05%
73.42%
91.10%
93.42%
74.25%
9.25%
4.37% 0.83%
Description
Rural (R)
Urban (U)
Difference between Rural and
Urban Literacy
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education process. All the listed problems are common
for both male and female students of the state.
We interviewed different students and find out the
problem faced by them during their study in school. Some
problems are specifics to the students (Male/Female). We
consider only those points here which are most
influencing for the female education. Let’s discuss these
points in much more detail below which are specifics to
the education in Himachal Pradesh:
Reason specifics to the student( Male/Female)
Physical Disorders
Lack of interest in studies
Health provisions
Social Pressure
The importance of girl’s literacy not
recognised
Lack of Social opportunities
Safety of girls student
Child labour
Gender Gaps
Institution related problems
School related problems
Private schools are not affordable
Infrastructure not up to the mark
Family Problem of the students
Parents are not educated
Family related problems
Economically disadvantaged
Expectations of Domesticity
All the above factors are considered most influencing for
the student education in school. Some factors are most
critical for students like poor education quality,
insufficient infrastructure, family related problem and
parent’s education.
The best attribute is selected based on the frequent
occurrence in all research paper taken into consideration
for our research. In selected attributes, we have filtered 10
best attributes to predict the student dropout in education.
The best selected attributes are grade in HSG, SSG and
other related education, Gender, Family structure, Parents
Qualification, Parents Occupation, Required for
Household work, Addictions (Alcohol, Smoke, Pills,
Solvents, Drugs etc), Basic facility in the education
institution different for boys and girls, Poor Teaching
methodology adopted, Got married depicted in Figure 4.
Figure 4: Graphical representation of attributes according to their frequency of occurrences
VI. SOME SUGGESTIVE MEASURES ON HOW TO
IMPROVE EDUCATION SYSTEM:
Most of the student (Boys/Girls) the working
environment in private and government institution are
very much different. In proper coordination are
maintained in them then it can be improved in future.
Most of the student how are interviewed are agreed on
poor quality of education in government institution as
compared to private school. There are some suggestions
given by student to improve the education system are
listed below:
Government should provide good infrastructure to
every institution.
Most of the institutions are not providing
transportation facilities to the students. So if
institutions provide these facilities then it helps those
students who are living far from institution.
Curriculum must be updated at regular interval of
time and add some new technology or subject for
next time.
There should be clear drinking water and separate
toilet for boys and girls students.
These should be some time for the co-curricular
activity in the institution. Which help then for their
overall growth?
All these point which are given by the students related to
the institution environment. Some point which are related
to the family or social life of the students. And those
factors are directly related to the student emotion and that
cannot be avoided forcefully. So it’s the duty of the
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4
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5
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1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
O
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c
u
r
r
e
n
c
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s
Important attribute of student data
Total number occurrences
Total number occurrences
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parents, teachers and other concerned personnel to
motivate the student to do well in education.
VII. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK:
Education and Literacy are two imperative topic of this
report. And the overall LR of any state depends on them.
Any types of leniency in education may increase dropout
rate and hence decrease the literacy rate. First of all in
this report we found that the literacy rate of HP is good in
overall may be up to 83.80%. But the literacy rate of girls
is nearby 75.93%. This is one of the panic factors for the
education department as well as government also.
To find out the reason for that we interviewed more than
200 students and found that lots of factors related to the
student are taken into consideration like family, School,
social, personal related issues. And all these factor effect
somewhat in their education. In future we can take input
from more than approximately one million student data
and hence apply some data mining techniques on that data
for the prediction of the future prospective.
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