Financial ratios and their use in understanding Financial StatementsPranav Dedhia
An introduction and in-depth understanding on the importance of Financial ratios in understanding financial statements of business entities along with relevant examples
Financial ratios and their use in understanding Financial StatementsPranav Dedhia
An introduction and in-depth understanding on the importance of Financial ratios in understanding financial statements of business entities along with relevant examples
This PPT contains the full detail of topic leverage in financial management
it covers following topics :-
Meaning of Leverage
Types of Leverage
Operating Leverage
Financial Leverage
Difference between Operating & Financial Leverage
Combined Leverage
Illustrations
Exercise
Financial Analysis tool containing all four types of ratios (liquidity ratio, capital structure or leverage ratio, turnover or activity ratio and profitability ratio)
This PPT contains the full detail of topic leverage in financial management
it covers following topics :-
Meaning of Leverage
Types of Leverage
Operating Leverage
Financial Leverage
Difference between Operating & Financial Leverage
Combined Leverage
Illustrations
Exercise
Financial Analysis tool containing all four types of ratios (liquidity ratio, capital structure or leverage ratio, turnover or activity ratio and profitability ratio)
how to sell pi coins at high rate quickly.DOT TECH
Where can I sell my pi coins at a high rate.
Pi is not launched yet on any exchange. But one can easily sell his or her pi coins to investors who want to hold pi till mainnet launch.
This means crypto whales want to hold pi. And you can get a good rate for selling pi to them. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor below.
A vendor is someone who buys from a miner and resell it to a holder or crypto whale.
Here is the telegram contact of my vendor:
@Pi_vendor_247
Abhay Bhutada Leads Poonawalla Fincorp To Record Low NPA And Unprecedented Gr...Vighnesh Shashtri
Under the leadership of Abhay Bhutada, Poonawalla Fincorp has achieved record-low Non-Performing Assets (NPA) and witnessed unprecedented growth. Bhutada's strategic vision and effective management have significantly enhanced the company's financial health, showcasing a robust performance in the financial sector. This achievement underscores the company's resilience and ability to thrive in a competitive market, setting a new benchmark for operational excellence in the industry.
US Economic Outlook - Being Decided - M Capital Group August 2021.pdfpchutichetpong
The U.S. economy is continuing its impressive recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic and not slowing down despite re-occurring bumps. The U.S. savings rate reached its highest ever recorded level at 34% in April 2020 and Americans seem ready to spend. The sectors that had been hurt the most by the pandemic specifically reduced consumer spending, like retail, leisure, hospitality, and travel, are now experiencing massive growth in revenue and job openings.
Could this growth lead to a “Roaring Twenties”? As quickly as the U.S. economy contracted, experiencing a 9.1% drop in economic output relative to the business cycle in Q2 2020, the largest in recorded history, it has rebounded beyond expectations. This surprising growth seems to be fueled by the U.S. government’s aggressive fiscal and monetary policies, and an increase in consumer spending as mobility restrictions are lifted. Unemployment rates between June 2020 and June 2021 decreased by 5.2%, while the demand for labor is increasing, coupled with increasing wages to incentivize Americans to rejoin the labor force. Schools and businesses are expected to fully reopen soon. In parallel, vaccination rates across the country and the world continue to rise, with full vaccination rates of 50% and 14.8% respectively.
However, it is not completely smooth sailing from here. According to M Capital Group, the main risks that threaten the continued growth of the U.S. economy are inflation, unsettled trade relations, and another wave of Covid-19 mutations that could shut down the world again. Have we learned from the past year of COVID-19 and adapted our economy accordingly?
“In order for the U.S. economy to continue growing, whether there is another wave or not, the U.S. needs to focus on diversifying supply chains, supporting business investment, and maintaining consumer spending,” says Grace Feeley, a research analyst at M Capital Group.
While the economic indicators are positive, the risks are coming closer to manifesting and threatening such growth. The new variants spreading throughout the world, Delta, Lambda, and Gamma, are vaccine-resistant and muddy the predictions made about the economy and health of the country. These variants bring back the feeling of uncertainty that has wreaked havoc not only on the stock market but the mindset of people around the world. MCG provides unique insight on how to mitigate these risks to possibly ensure a bright economic future.
what is the future of Pi Network currency.DOT TECH
The future of the Pi cryptocurrency is uncertain, and its success will depend on several factors. Pi is a relatively new cryptocurrency that aims to be user-friendly and accessible to a wide audience. Here are a few key considerations for its future:
Message: @Pi_vendor_247 on telegram if u want to sell PI COINS.
1. Mainnet Launch: As of my last knowledge update in January 2022, Pi was still in the testnet phase. Its success will depend on a successful transition to a mainnet, where actual transactions can take place.
2. User Adoption: Pi's success will be closely tied to user adoption. The more users who join the network and actively participate, the stronger the ecosystem can become.
3. Utility and Use Cases: For a cryptocurrency to thrive, it must offer utility and practical use cases. The Pi team has talked about various applications, including peer-to-peer transactions, smart contracts, and more. The development and implementation of these features will be essential.
4. Regulatory Environment: The regulatory environment for cryptocurrencies is evolving globally. How Pi navigates and complies with regulations in various jurisdictions will significantly impact its future.
5. Technology Development: The Pi network must continue to develop and improve its technology, security, and scalability to compete with established cryptocurrencies.
6. Community Engagement: The Pi community plays a critical role in its future. Engaged users can help build trust and grow the network.
7. Monetization and Sustainability: The Pi team's monetization strategy, such as fees, partnerships, or other revenue sources, will affect its long-term sustainability.
It's essential to approach Pi or any new cryptocurrency with caution and conduct due diligence. Cryptocurrency investments involve risks, and potential rewards can be uncertain. The success and future of Pi will depend on the collective efforts of its team, community, and the broader cryptocurrency market dynamics. It's advisable to stay updated on Pi's development and follow any updates from the official Pi Network website or announcements from the team.
Lecture slide titled Fraud Risk Mitigation, Webinar Lecture Delivered at the Society for West African Internal Audit Practitioners (SWAIAP) on Wednesday, November 8, 2023.
What website can I sell pi coins securely.DOT TECH
Currently there are no website or exchange that allow buying or selling of pi coins..
But you can still easily sell pi coins, by reselling it to exchanges/crypto whales interested in holding thousands of pi coins before the mainnet launch.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and resell to these crypto whales and holders of pi..
This is because pi network is not doing any pre-sale. The only way exchanges can get pi is by buying from miners and pi merchants stands in between the miners and the exchanges.
How can I sell my pi coins?
Selling pi coins is really easy, but first you need to migrate to mainnet wallet before you can do that. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
Tele-gram.
@Pi_vendor_247
Falcon stands out as a top-tier P2P Invoice Discounting platform in India, bridging esteemed blue-chip companies and eager investors. Our goal is to transform the investment landscape in India by establishing a comprehensive destination for borrowers and investors with diverse profiles and needs, all while minimizing risk. What sets Falcon apart is the elimination of intermediaries such as commercial banks and depository institutions, allowing investors to enjoy higher yields.
how to swap pi coins to foreign currency withdrawable.DOT TECH
As of my last update, Pi is still in the testing phase and is not tradable on any exchanges.
However, Pi Network has announced plans to launch its Testnet and Mainnet in the future, which may include listing Pi on exchanges.
The current method for selling pi coins involves exchanging them with a pi vendor who purchases pi coins for investment reasons.
If you want to sell your pi coins, reach out to a pi vendor and sell them to anyone looking to sell pi coins from any country around the globe.
Below is the contact information for my personal pi vendor.
Telegram: @Pi_vendor_247
BYD SWOT Analysis and In-Depth Insights 2024.pptxmikemetalprod
Indepth analysis of the BYD 2024
BYD (Build Your Dreams) is a Chinese automaker and battery manufacturer that has snowballed over the past two decades to become a significant player in electric vehicles and global clean energy technology.
This SWOT analysis examines BYD's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats as it competes in the fast-changing automotive and energy storage industries.
Founded in 1995 and headquartered in Shenzhen, BYD started as a battery company before expanding into automobiles in the early 2000s.
Initially manufacturing gasoline-powered vehicles, BYD focused on plug-in hybrid and fully electric vehicles, leveraging its expertise in battery technology.
Today, BYD is the world’s largest electric vehicle manufacturer, delivering over 1.2 million electric cars globally. The company also produces electric buses, trucks, forklifts, and rail transit.
On the energy side, BYD is a major supplier of rechargeable batteries for cell phones, laptops, electric vehicles, and energy storage systems.
where can I find a legit pi merchant onlineDOT TECH
Yes. This is very easy what you need is a recommendation from someone who has successfully traded pi coins before with a merchant.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi network coins and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold thousands of pi coins before the open mainnet.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with
@Pi_vendor_247
Currently pi network is not tradable on binance or any other exchange because we are still in the enclosed mainnet.
Right now the only way to sell pi coins is by trading with a verified merchant.
What is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone verified by pi network team and allowed to barter pi coins for goods and services.
Since pi network is not doing any pre-sale The only way exchanges like binance/huobi or crypto whales can get pi is by buying from miners. And a merchant stands in between the exchanges and the miners.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant. I and my friends has traded more than 6000pi coins successfully
Tele-gram
@Pi_vendor_247
how can I sell pi coins after successfully completing KYCDOT TECH
Pi coins is not launched yet in any exchange 💱 this means it's not swappable, the current pi displaying on coin market cap is the iou version of pi. And you can learn all about that on my previous post.
RIGHT NOW THE ONLY WAY you can sell pi coins is through verified pi merchants. A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins and resell them to exchanges and crypto whales. Looking forward to hold massive quantities of pi coins before the mainnet launch.
This is because pi network is not doing any pre-sale or ico offerings, the only way to get my coins is from buying from miners. So a merchant facilitates the transactions between the miners and these exchanges holding pi.
I and my friends has sold more than 6000 pi coins successfully with this method. I will be happy to share the contact of my personal pi merchant. The one i trade with, if you have your own merchant you can trade with them. For those who are new.
Message: @Pi_vendor_247 on telegram.
I wouldn't advise you selling all percentage of the pi coins. Leave at least a before so its a win win during open mainnet. Have a nice day pioneers ♥️
#kyc #mainnet #picoins #pi #sellpi #piwallet
#pinetwork
how can I sell pi coins after successfully completing KYC
Ratio analysis
1. RATIO ANALYSIS
Ratio-analysis means the process of computing,
determining and presenting the relationship of
related items and groups of items of the financial
statements. They provide in a summarized and
concise form of fairly good idea about the
financial position of a unit. They are important
tools for financial analysis.
According to Myers, " Ratio analysis of financial
statements is a study of relationship among
various financial factors in a business as disclosed
by a single set of statements and a study of trend
of these factors as shown in a series of
statements."
2. Advantages and Uses of Ratio Analysis
• To workout the profitability:
• To workout the solvency:
• Helpful in analysis of financial statement:
• Helpful in comparative analysis of the
performance:
• To simplify the accounting information:
• To workout the operating efficiency:
• To workout short-term financial position:
• Helpful for forecasting purposes:
3. Limitations of Ratio Analysis
• Limited Comparability
• False Results
• Effect of Price Level Changes
• Qualitative factors are ignored
• Effect of window-dressing
• Costly Technique
• Misleading Results
4. Before looking at the ratios there are a number of cautionary
points concerning their use that need to be identified :
a. The dates and duration of the financial statements being
compared should be the same. If not, the effects of
seasonality may cause erroneous conclusions to be drawn.
b. The accounts to be compared should have been prepared on
the same bases. Different treatment of stocks or depreciations
or asset valuations will distort the results.
c. In order to judge the overall performance of the firm a group
of ratios, as opposed to just one or two should be used. In
order to identify trends at least three years of ratios are
normally required.
5. HOW A RATIO IS EXPRESSED
• As Percentage - such as 25% or 50% . For
example if net profit is Rs.25,000/- and the sales is
Rs.1,00,000/- then the net profit can be said to be
25% of the sales.
• As Proportion - The above figures may be
expressed in terms of the relationship between
net profit to sales as 1 : 4.
• As Pure Number /Times - The same can also be
expressed in an alternatively way such as the sale
is 4 times of the net profit or profit is 1/4th of the
sales.
6. Liquidity Ratios.
• Liquidity refers to the ability of the concern to
meet its current obligation as and when these
become due the short- term obligations are
met by releasing amounts from current
floating or circulating assets. The current asset
should either be liquid and near liquidity.
7. •Current Ratio = Current Assets
Current Liabilities
Rule Of Thumb is 2:1
•Quick Ratio or Acid Test Ratio = Quick Assets
Current Liabilities
Rule Of Thumb is 1:1
8. Absolute Liquid Asset =
Cash& Bank+ Short Term Securities+ Temporary Investments
Current Liabilities
Rule of thumb = .5:1
CURRENT ASSETS CURRENT LIABILITIES
Cash in hand Creditors
Cash at bank Bills payables
Debtors Bank overdraft
Temporary investment Dividend payables
Stock Income recd. In adv
Bills receivables Outstanding expenses
Prepaid expenses
Accrued incomes
9. Current Asset Movement and
efficiency ( Activity Ratio)
• Funds are invested in various assets in
business to make sales and earn profit the
efficiency with which assets are managed
directly effect the volume of sales. The better
the management the larger is the amount of
sales and the profits. Activity ratio measures
the efficiencies and the effectiveness with
which firm manages its resources and assets.
These ratios are called turnover ratios.
10. Working Capital Turnover ratios = Cost of goods sales
Average Working Capital
Cogs = op stock+purchses+direct expenses-closing stock
Creditors or Payable Turnover Ratio = Net Credit Purchases
Average Creditors
A suppliers of good of i.e. creditors, is naturally interested in
finding out how much time the firm is likely to take in repaying
its trade creditors.
11. Average Payment Period = Number of days in year
Creditors’ turnover ratio
Debtor and Receivable Turnover Ratio = Net Credit Sales
Average debtors
Debtors turnover ratio indicates the velocity of debt collection of
firm. In simple words, it indicates the number of time average
debtors( receivables) are turned over during a year.
12. Average Collection Period = Number of days in year
Debtors’ turnover ratio
•Inventory Turnover Ratio = Cost of goods sold
Average inventory
Every firm has to maintain a certain level of inventory of finished
goods so as to be able to meet the requirement of the business.
Inventory Conversion Period = Number of days in a year
Inventory turnover Ratio
13. Profitability Ratios
Gross Profit Ratio = Gross Profit X 100
Net Sales
Gross profit = sales – cost of goods sold
Net Profit Ratio = Net Profit x 100
Net Sales
Operating Ratio = Operating cost x 100
Net Sales
14. Operating Profit Ratio = Operating Profit x 100
Net Sales
Or
Operating Profit Ratio = 100-Operating Ratio
Expense Ratio
or
Particular expense ratio = Particular Expense x 100
Net Sales
15. Long-term financial position and Test
of Solvency.
– Debt Equity Ratio = Outsiders Fund
Shareholder’s funds
Or = External Equities
Internal Equities
– Funded Debt to Total Capitalization = Funded debt X 100
Total Capitalization
Funded Debt = Debentures + Mortgage Loans + Bonds + Other Long Term
Loans
Total Capitalization = Equity Share Capital + Preference share capital +
Reserves
+ Surplus Other undistributed funds + Debentures +
Mortgage Loans + Bonds + Other long term Loans.
16. Proprietary and Equity Ratio = Shareholder’s Funds
Total Assets
Shareholder fund= eq. share cap + pref. share cap + reserves & surpluses-
fictitious assets
Fixed assets to Net Worth Ratio = Fixed Assets After depreciation
Total Long- Term Funds
Solvency Ratios = Total Liabilities to Outsiders
Total Assets
17. Fixed Assets to Total Long Term Funds
= Fixed assets after depreciation
Total Long- Term funds
•Debt Service Ratio and Interest Coverage Ratio
= Net Profit( Before Interest & Tax)
Fixed Interest charges