Rating and observation scale

1. LEENAVAISH1506@GMAIL.COM

3. Introduction
Observation is one of the oldest
techniques that man has made
use of. The teacher in the school
make judgment after observing
students gestures, bodily
actions, facial expressions, tasks
and movement.

4. Meaning
• The word observation has been derived from
the latin word ‘observare’ which means “to
keep open”, “to look outside”.
• Definition:
• According to P.T. Young’s “observation means
to employ listening and seeing about the
situation or and individual behavior.

5. Advantages of observation
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Non verbal behavior
Overt behavior
Emotional and intellectual maturity
Habits and skills
Diagnostic value
Improvement in teaching
Good relationships
Observation natural environment
guidance

6. Disadvantages of observation
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Non availability of trained observers
Subjective
Artificiality
Long wait
Personal problems
No observation of internal behavior
No observation of unconscious mind
Time gap

7. Conclusion
• Though method of observation has many
limitations yet it is considerably used in child
psychology, education psychology and
education.
• So this method has helped the application of
psychology to education and wherever
possible it should be supplemented by the use
of experimental procedure.

9. Introduction
The abilities, behavioral, characteristics
and the performances of the students of
social studies can also be judged and
evaluated through suitable rating scales.

10. Definition
According to Garrets “The rating scale
is device for obtaining judgments of
the degree to which an individual
possesses certain behavior traits and
attributes not readily detectable by
objective tests.

11. Types of Rating scale
• Qualitative scale
5
Excellent
4
Good
3
Average
2
1
Poor
Very
poor

12. Descriptive rating scale
Is the pupil mentally alert?
…………………………………………...lazy
and sluggish
………………………………………………..idle
and inert
……………………………………………..ordinarily
active
……………………………………………………..quite
active
……………………………………………exceedingly
active

13. Graphic rating scale
Social attitude
Anti-social
Selfcentered
No positive
attitude
Usually
considerate to
others
Strongly
altruistic

14. • Rank order scale
• Paired comparison scale
• in top 1%
………….fallsPercentage of group scale
…………. falls in the top 10% but not in the top 1%
…………..falls in the top 25% but not in the top 10%
……………falls in the top 50% but not in the top 25%
…………....falls in the lower half but not in the bottom 25%
…………….falls in the bottom 25% but not in the bottom 10%
……………..falls in the bottom 10% but not in the bottom 1%
……………..falls in the bottom 1%

15. Advantages of rating scale
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Supplement
Useful for teacher
Knowledge of progress of students
Knowledge of achievements & personality of
students
Comparison
Motivation
Removing weakness
Helpful in sending report
Helpful in administration

16. Disadvantages
• Difficulty in subjective
• Difficulty in rating
• Limited social contact
• Non availability of experts
• Low reliability and validity
• Reluctance for preparing scales

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Generosity error
Stringency error
Halo error
Error of central
tendency
• Logical error

18. Conclusion
• In modern times, rating scales can prove very
useful for evaluating behavior attitudes, habits,
personality traits and achievements of the
students.
• Rating scale are of great use when used for
helping teachers to evaluate students behavior.

19. • Submitted to:
Mr. Pawan
bhatia
• Submitted by:
Mandeep kaur
Roll no: 258

20. THANK YOU…..