Radiology Rounds: 27 year old female with abdominal pain
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Radiology Rounds: 27 year old female with abdominal pain This case was kindly provided by Dr. Laura Avery of Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital to be postde on radRounds.com - Education, Social, and Professional Networking for Radiology.
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The fetal circulation
The fetal circulation differs from adult circulation in that the fetus receives oxygen and nutrients from the mother via the placenta and umbilical cord, as the lungs are not functional. Blood from the placenta enters the umbilical vein and most of it bypasses the liver through the ductus venosus to the inferior vena cava. It then flows through the foramen ovale into the left atrium and ventricle before being pumped through the aorta to supply the fetus. At birth, crying causes lung expansion which redirects blood flow through the pulmonary arteries, closing the ductus arteriosus and foramen ovale to establish postnatal circulation.
Fetal circulation sumi
The fetal circulatory system differs from the adult system in that it facilitates an exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste between the fetus and mother via the placenta and umbilical cord. It includes three shunts - the ductus venosus, foramen ovale, and ductus arteriosus - that allow blood to bypass the liver and lungs and ensure oxygenated blood reaches the fetus. At birth, changes in pressure and the first breath cause the shunts to close as the circulatory system adapts to extrauterine life.
Fetal circulation
The document discusses fetal circulation. By 3 months, the major blood vessels are present and functioning. In the umbilical circulation, the umbilical arteries carry deoxygenated blood from the fetus to the placenta while the umbilical vein carries oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetus. The placenta facilitates gas and nutrient exchange between maternal and fetal blood without mixing of the blood. In fetal circulation, blood is shunted from the right atrium to the left atrium through the foramen ovale and from the right ventricle to the aorta through the ductus arteriosus, bypassing the lungs. At birth, changes initiate with breathing and the foramen ovale
L11 fetal circulation
The document summarizes the fetal circulation system and how it differs from the newborn circulation. In the fetus, oxygen-rich blood from the placenta travels through the umbilical vein to the liver and mixes with venous blood before entering the heart. It then passes through the foramen ovale into the left side of the heart and mixes with pulmonary blood to be pumped throughout the body. After birth, the foramen ovale, ductus arteriosus, and umbilical vessels close as the lungs inflate and the placental circulation is lost. This allows the cardiovascular system to transition to adult circulation.
Systemic and Pulmonary Circulation.pptx
The document describes the pulmonary and systemic circulatory systems. The pulmonary system carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs where it receives oxygen and returns oxygenated blood back to the left side of the heart. The systemic system pumps oxygenated blood from the left side of the heart to the entire body through arteries and returns deoxygenated blood back to the right side of the heart through veins. The document also describes the unique fetal circulation system which allows the fetus to receive oxygenated blood from the placenta via the umbilical cord.
Fetal circulation
The fetal circulation allows oxygen and nutrients to pass from the mother's blood to the fetus via the placenta and umbilical cord. Blood from the fetal heart is shunted away from the lungs through the ductus arteriosus and returns to the aorta. The placenta connects the fetus to the uterine wall, allowing nutrient/gas exchange and waste elimination via the mother's blood supply. The fetal circulation has special structures like the foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus that ensure blood bypassing the lungs reaches the body. After birth, changes in blood flow and pressure cause these structures to close as the lungs become functional.
Fetal circulation
Fetal circulation differs significantly from adult circulation. In the fetus, oxygenated blood from the placenta travels through the umbilical vein to the ductus venosus and inferior vena cava into the right atrium. Most blood then passes through the foramen ovale into the left atrium and ventricle before being pumped through the aorta to the body. After birth, closure of the ductus venosus, ductus arteriosus, and foramen ovale, along with establishment of pulmonary circulation through breathing, complete the transition to adult circulation. Persistence of fetal circulatory structures like the patent foramen ovale or ductus arteriosus can cause clinical issues.
Fetalcirculation
The fetal circulation allows oxygenated blood from the placenta to reach the fetus via the umbilical vein. Special structures like the foramen ovale, ductus venosus, and ductus arteriosus allow blood to bypass the non-functional lungs and deliver oxygenated blood directly to the heart and body. At birth, loss of the placenta and expansion of the lungs cause these structures to close, converting circulation to the infant pattern with blood flowing from the lungs to the heart and body.
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The fetal circulation
The fetal circulation differs from adult circulation in that the fetus receives oxygen and nutrients from the mother via the placenta and umbilical cord, as the lungs are not functional. Blood from the placenta enters the umbilical vein and most of it bypasses the liver through the ductus venosus to the inferior vena cava. It then flows through the foramen ovale into the left atrium and ventricle before being pumped through the aorta to supply the fetus. At birth, crying causes lung expansion which redirects blood flow through the pulmonary arteries, closing the ductus arteriosus and foramen ovale to establish postnatal circulation.
Fetal circulation sumi
The fetal circulatory system differs from the adult system in that it facilitates an exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste between the fetus and mother via the placenta and umbilical cord. It includes three shunts - the ductus venosus, foramen ovale, and ductus arteriosus - that allow blood to bypass the liver and lungs and ensure oxygenated blood reaches the fetus. At birth, changes in pressure and the first breath cause the shunts to close as the circulatory system adapts to extrauterine life.
Fetal circulation
The document discusses fetal circulation. By 3 months, the major blood vessels are present and functioning. In the umbilical circulation, the umbilical arteries carry deoxygenated blood from the fetus to the placenta while the umbilical vein carries oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetus. The placenta facilitates gas and nutrient exchange between maternal and fetal blood without mixing of the blood. In fetal circulation, blood is shunted from the right atrium to the left atrium through the foramen ovale and from the right ventricle to the aorta through the ductus arteriosus, bypassing the lungs. At birth, changes initiate with breathing and the foramen ovale
L11 fetal circulation
The document summarizes the fetal circulation system and how it differs from the newborn circulation. In the fetus, oxygen-rich blood from the placenta travels through the umbilical vein to the liver and mixes with venous blood before entering the heart. It then passes through the foramen ovale into the left side of the heart and mixes with pulmonary blood to be pumped throughout the body. After birth, the foramen ovale, ductus arteriosus, and umbilical vessels close as the lungs inflate and the placental circulation is lost. This allows the cardiovascular system to transition to adult circulation.
Systemic and Pulmonary Circulation.pptx
The document describes the pulmonary and systemic circulatory systems. The pulmonary system carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs where it receives oxygen and returns oxygenated blood back to the left side of the heart. The systemic system pumps oxygenated blood from the left side of the heart to the entire body through arteries and returns deoxygenated blood back to the right side of the heart through veins. The document also describes the unique fetal circulation system which allows the fetus to receive oxygenated blood from the placenta via the umbilical cord.
Fetal circulation
The fetal circulation allows oxygen and nutrients to pass from the mother's blood to the fetus via the placenta and umbilical cord. Blood from the fetal heart is shunted away from the lungs through the ductus arteriosus and returns to the aorta. The placenta connects the fetus to the uterine wall, allowing nutrient/gas exchange and waste elimination via the mother's blood supply. The fetal circulation has special structures like the foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus that ensure blood bypassing the lungs reaches the body. After birth, changes in blood flow and pressure cause these structures to close as the lungs become functional.
Fetal circulation
Fetal circulation differs significantly from adult circulation. In the fetus, oxygenated blood from the placenta travels through the umbilical vein to the ductus venosus and inferior vena cava into the right atrium. Most blood then passes through the foramen ovale into the left atrium and ventricle before being pumped through the aorta to the body. After birth, closure of the ductus venosus, ductus arteriosus, and foramen ovale, along with establishment of pulmonary circulation through breathing, complete the transition to adult circulation. Persistence of fetal circulatory structures like the patent foramen ovale or ductus arteriosus can cause clinical issues.
Fetalcirculation
The fetal circulation allows oxygenated blood from the placenta to reach the fetus via the umbilical vein. Special structures like the foramen ovale, ductus venosus, and ductus arteriosus allow blood to bypass the non-functional lungs and deliver oxygenated blood directly to the heart and body. At birth, loss of the placenta and expansion of the lungs cause these structures to close, converting circulation to the infant pattern with blood flowing from the lungs to the heart and body.
Fetal circulation
The fetal circulation differs significantly from adult circulation. During development, the placenta provides oxygen to the fetus and the lungs receive very little blood flow. The fetal circulation includes unique structures that allow blood to bypass the lungs, such as the ductus venosus and foramen ovale. At birth, breathing causes changes like closure of the ductus venosus and foramen ovale as well as a drop in pulmonary resistance, transitioning the circulation to its postnatal state where the lungs are the primary site of gas exchange.
Fetal heart circulation
The fetal circulation allows the fetus to receive oxygen and nutrients from the placenta while bypassing the non-functional lungs. Oxygenated blood travels from the placenta through the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava and then through the foramen ovale into the left atrium of the heart. It is then pumped through the aorta to deliver oxygen to tissues before returning to the right atrium. A small amount of blood passes through the ductus arteriosus and pulmonary arteries to the developing lungs, while most blood is shunted away from the lungs and back to the aorta. At birth, the foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus normally close as the lungs begin functioning
Gall bladder
The gallbladder is a small organ located beneath the liver where bile is stored before being released into the small intestine. It is pear shaped and sits in a fossa on the inferior surface of the right lobe of the liver. The gallbladder collects bile from the liver via hepatic ducts, stores it, and releases it through the cystic duct into the common hepatic duct when food enters the duodenum. The sphincter of Oddi regulates the release of bile from the gallbladder and pancreatic juices from the pancreatic duct into the duodenum.
Fetal circulation
The document summarizes fetal circulation and the changes that occur after birth. In the fetus, oxygenated blood from the placenta travels through the umbilical vein to the liver and ductus venosus before most of it passes through the foramen ovale into the left atrium. The remaining blood mixes with venous blood and travels to the right atrium and ventricle. After birth, the ductus arteriosus, foramen ovale, umbilical vein and arteries close as pulmonary circulation is established and placental blood flow ceases. This allows the postnatal circulation from the heart to the lungs and body to develop.
Congenital hernia and hydrocele
A hernia is a protrusion of an organ through an opening, while a hydrocele is a fluid collection in the tunica vaginalis sac around the testes. During fetal development, the processus vaginalis allows the testes to descend through the inguinal canal. Normally this canal closes after birth, but if it remains patent it can lead to a hernia or hydrocele. Hernias appear as reducible inguinal swellings that increase with crying or coughing. Hydroceles cause scrotal swelling that varies with the day and is not reducible. Clinical diagnosis is sufficient, and hernias are usually repaired early to prevent complications while hydroceles may sometimes resolve on their own
Fetal circulation nursing student_dey
The document describes the normal fetal circulation and changes that occur at and after birth. In the fetus, oxygen-rich blood from the placenta travels through the umbilical vein, bypassing the liver and entering the heart and ascending aorta to supply the heart and brain. The majority of blood is shunted away from the lungs through the ductus arteriosus. At birth, closure of the ductus arteriosus, umbilical vessels, and foramen ovale occurs, along with increased pulmonary circulation as breathing begins.
Foetal circulation (1)
The fetal circulation allows oxygenated blood from the placenta to bypass the lungs and circulate throughout the fetus's body. Key structures include the umbilical vein, which carries oxygenated blood from the placenta to the liver, the foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus which allow blood to bypass the lungs, and the umbilical arteries which return deoxygenated blood to the placenta. The circulatory process involves blood passing from the placenta through the umbilical vein, mixing with deoxygenated blood and passing through the foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus to supply the fetus before returning to the placenta through the umbilical arteries.
Congenital vaginal hydrocele/Dr.Anthony
This document describes a case report of a congenital vaginal hydrocele in a 4-year old boy. A hydrocele is a collection of fluid within the tunica vaginalis that often presents as an enlarged scrotum in infants. This boy had swelling of the right scrotum since birth. Examination confirmed a right-sided hydrocele. Ultrasound also showed fluid in the right scrotum. The hydrocele was diagnosed as congenital and communicating. It was surgically corrected through a hydrocelectomy procedure to drain the fluid and evert and stitch the tunica vaginalis. Complications can include infection, blood clots, or recurrence of the hydrocele. Most hydroce
FETAL CIRCULATION
This document discusses the fetal circulation system. It defines fetal circulation as the circulation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood and nutrients to the fetus. It describes how the placenta functions as the respiratory center and site of nutrient/waste exchange for the fetus. It details the anatomy and physiology of fetal circulation, including the roles of the umbilical cord, ductus venosus, ductus arteriosus, and foramen ovale in shuttling blood between the fetus and placenta. After birth, these fetal circulatory structures close as the baby transitions to extrauterine life.
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The document discusses ascites, which is an accumulation of excess fluid in the peritoneal cavity. It focuses on malignant ascites, which can be caused by changes in fluid influx and efflux. The management of malignant ascites includes therapeutic paracentesis to safely remove up to 5 liters of fluid, diuretics which may help for portal hypertension but have equivocal evidence of efficacy otherwise, drainage catheters, and peritoneovenous shunts.
Fetal circulation, Schleich
The fetal circulation has several anatomical shunts that direct blood flow away from the lungs and toward the placenta, including the ductus arteriosus, foramen ovale, and ductus venosus. These shunts orient oxygenated blood to the brain and heart while directing deoxygenated blood to the placenta. After birth, changes in pulmonary vascular resistance and oxygen levels cause closure of the ductus arteriosus and foramen ovale, modifying the circulation to prioritize the lungs over the placenta.
Normal Fetal circulation
The document summarizes fetal circulation, which involves two umbilical arteries carrying deoxygenated blood to the placenta, one umbilical vein carrying oxygenated blood from the placenta, and several shunts that bypass the lungs and liver including the ductus venosus, foramen ovale, and ductus arteriosus. At birth, the transition to postnatal circulation occurs rapidly initiated by the baby's first breath, which causes changes including the closing of the shunts.
Fetal circulation (for mbbs)
This is a presentation I had made for giving a seminar on Fetal Circulation in the first year of my MBBS course in Maharashtra.
Please share it with your juniors and colleagues.Thank You
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Fetal circulation
The document describes the fetal circulation and changes that occur at birth. In the fetus, oxygenated blood from the placenta travels to the heart and body while bypassing the lungs. At birth, the onset of breathing causes pulmonary vascular resistance to decrease and systemic resistance to increase. This results in blood shunting to the lungs, closure of the ductus arteriosus, and closure of the foramen ovale. The umbilical vessels also close, completing the transition to extrauterine life.
Transitional circulation
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Defining terms
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Fetal circulation
The document summarizes fetal circulation during pregnancy and at birth. During pregnancy, the placenta functions as the lungs and exchanges gases. The umbilical cord connects the fetus to the placenta, carrying oxygenated blood, nutrients to the fetus and deoxygenated blood, waste products back. In the fetus, blood circulation bypasses the nonfunctional lungs and liver through special openings called shunts. At birth, with the first breath the lungs inflate and the ductus arteriosus and foramen ovale close, establishing adult-like circulation.
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Fetal circulation
The fetal circulation differs significantly from adult circulation. During development, the placenta provides oxygen to the fetus and the lungs receive very little blood flow. The fetal circulation includes unique structures that allow blood to bypass the lungs, such as the ductus venosus and foramen ovale. At birth, breathing causes changes like closure of the ductus venosus and foramen ovale as well as a drop in pulmonary resistance, transitioning the circulation to its postnatal state where the lungs are the primary site of gas exchange.
Fetal heart circulation
The fetal circulation allows the fetus to receive oxygen and nutrients from the placenta while bypassing the non-functional lungs. Oxygenated blood travels from the placenta through the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava and then through the foramen ovale into the left atrium of the heart. It is then pumped through the aorta to deliver oxygen to tissues before returning to the right atrium. A small amount of blood passes through the ductus arteriosus and pulmonary arteries to the developing lungs, while most blood is shunted away from the lungs and back to the aorta. At birth, the foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus normally close as the lungs begin functioning
Gall bladder
The gallbladder is a small organ located beneath the liver where bile is stored before being released into the small intestine. It is pear shaped and sits in a fossa on the inferior surface of the right lobe of the liver. The gallbladder collects bile from the liver via hepatic ducts, stores it, and releases it through the cystic duct into the common hepatic duct when food enters the duodenum. The sphincter of Oddi regulates the release of bile from the gallbladder and pancreatic juices from the pancreatic duct into the duodenum.
Fetal circulation
The document summarizes fetal circulation and the changes that occur after birth. In the fetus, oxygenated blood from the placenta travels through the umbilical vein to the liver and ductus venosus before most of it passes through the foramen ovale into the left atrium. The remaining blood mixes with venous blood and travels to the right atrium and ventricle. After birth, the ductus arteriosus, foramen ovale, umbilical vein and arteries close as pulmonary circulation is established and placental blood flow ceases. This allows the postnatal circulation from the heart to the lungs and body to develop.
Congenital hernia and hydrocele
A hernia is a protrusion of an organ through an opening, while a hydrocele is a fluid collection in the tunica vaginalis sac around the testes. During fetal development, the processus vaginalis allows the testes to descend through the inguinal canal. Normally this canal closes after birth, but if it remains patent it can lead to a hernia or hydrocele. Hernias appear as reducible inguinal swellings that increase with crying or coughing. Hydroceles cause scrotal swelling that varies with the day and is not reducible. Clinical diagnosis is sufficient, and hernias are usually repaired early to prevent complications while hydroceles may sometimes resolve on their own
Fetal circulation nursing student_dey
The document describes the normal fetal circulation and changes that occur at and after birth. In the fetus, oxygen-rich blood from the placenta travels through the umbilical vein, bypassing the liver and entering the heart and ascending aorta to supply the heart and brain. The majority of blood is shunted away from the lungs through the ductus arteriosus. At birth, closure of the ductus arteriosus, umbilical vessels, and foramen ovale occurs, along with increased pulmonary circulation as breathing begins.
Foetal circulation (1)
The fetal circulation allows oxygenated blood from the placenta to bypass the lungs and circulate throughout the fetus's body. Key structures include the umbilical vein, which carries oxygenated blood from the placenta to the liver, the foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus which allow blood to bypass the lungs, and the umbilical arteries which return deoxygenated blood to the placenta. The circulatory process involves blood passing from the placenta through the umbilical vein, mixing with deoxygenated blood and passing through the foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus to supply the fetus before returning to the placenta through the umbilical arteries.
Congenital vaginal hydrocele/Dr.Anthony
This document describes a case report of a congenital vaginal hydrocele in a 4-year old boy. A hydrocele is a collection of fluid within the tunica vaginalis that often presents as an enlarged scrotum in infants. This boy had swelling of the right scrotum since birth. Examination confirmed a right-sided hydrocele. Ultrasound also showed fluid in the right scrotum. The hydrocele was diagnosed as congenital and communicating. It was surgically corrected through a hydrocelectomy procedure to drain the fluid and evert and stitch the tunica vaginalis. Complications can include infection, blood clots, or recurrence of the hydrocele. Most hydroce
FETAL CIRCULATION
This document discusses the fetal circulation system. It defines fetal circulation as the circulation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood and nutrients to the fetus. It describes how the placenta functions as the respiratory center and site of nutrient/waste exchange for the fetus. It details the anatomy and physiology of fetal circulation, including the roles of the umbilical cord, ductus venosus, ductus arteriosus, and foramen ovale in shuttling blood between the fetus and placenta. After birth, these fetal circulatory structures close as the baby transitions to extrauterine life.
7.24.09 maclennan ascites
The document discusses ascites, which is an accumulation of excess fluid in the peritoneal cavity. It focuses on malignant ascites, which can be caused by changes in fluid influx and efflux. The management of malignant ascites includes therapeutic paracentesis to safely remove up to 5 liters of fluid, diuretics which may help for portal hypertension but have equivocal evidence of efficacy otherwise, drainage catheters, and peritoneovenous shunts.
Fetal circulation, Schleich
The fetal circulation has several anatomical shunts that direct blood flow away from the lungs and toward the placenta, including the ductus arteriosus, foramen ovale, and ductus venosus. These shunts orient oxygenated blood to the brain and heart while directing deoxygenated blood to the placenta. After birth, changes in pulmonary vascular resistance and oxygen levels cause closure of the ductus arteriosus and foramen ovale, modifying the circulation to prioritize the lungs over the placenta.
Normal Fetal circulation
The document summarizes fetal circulation, which involves two umbilical arteries carrying deoxygenated blood to the placenta, one umbilical vein carrying oxygenated blood from the placenta, and several shunts that bypass the lungs and liver including the ductus venosus, foramen ovale, and ductus arteriosus. At birth, the transition to postnatal circulation occurs rapidly initiated by the baby's first breath, which causes changes including the closing of the shunts.
Fetal circulation (for mbbs)
This is a presentation I had made for giving a seminar on Fetal Circulation in the first year of my MBBS course in Maharashtra.
Please share it with your juniors and colleagues.Thank You
Presentation By Tashif Jilani
Radiological anatomy of pancreas and spleen
This document provides an overview of the radiological anatomy of the pancreas and spleen. It describes the locations and structures of the pancreas including the head, neck, body and tail. It also describes the pancreatic duct and its branches. For the spleen it describes the location, size, weight and blood supply. It then discusses several anatomical variations and congenital anomalies that can occur for both the pancreas and spleen such as pancreas divisum, annular pancreas, ectopic pancreas, polysplenia, splenosis and wandering spleen.
Fetal circulation
The document describes the fetal circulation and changes that occur at birth. In the fetus, oxygenated blood from the placenta travels to the heart and body while bypassing the lungs. At birth, the onset of breathing causes pulmonary vascular resistance to decrease and systemic resistance to increase. This results in blood shunting to the lungs, closure of the ductus arteriosus, and closure of the foramen ovale. The umbilical vessels also close, completing the transition to extrauterine life.
Transitional circulation
A very informative ppt on transitional / fetal circulation with details on ductus venosus,foramen ovale and duct dependent circulation.
Defining terms
A colonoscopy is a visual exam of the colon and part of the small intestine used to detect colon cancer. Hematochezia is the passage of fresh blood through the anus, which can be a symptom of colon cancer, infections, inflammatory bowel disease, or lack of blood flow to the intestines. A hernioplasty is a surgical procedure to repair a hernia, which is a hole or rupture in the abdomen, through an incision in the groin. An anastomosis is the reconnection of two previously separated structures like blood vessels or loops of intestine.
Fetal circulation
The document summarizes fetal circulation during pregnancy and at birth. During pregnancy, the placenta functions as the lungs and exchanges gases. The umbilical cord connects the fetus to the placenta, carrying oxygenated blood, nutrients to the fetus and deoxygenated blood, waste products back. In the fetus, blood circulation bypasses the nonfunctional lungs and liver through special openings called shunts. At birth, with the first breath the lungs inflate and the ductus arteriosus and foramen ovale close, establishing adult-like circulation.
Abd2
The document summarizes the gastrointestinal tract and specifically focuses on the esophagus and stomach. It notes that the GI tract is a continuous tube beginning at the mouth and ending at the anus. It then describes the esophagus' location and relations as it passes from the throat to the stomach. Finally, it outlines the stomach's location in the abdomen and describes its parts, blood supply, and nerve innervation.
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This is a lecture by Jeff Holmes from the Ghana Emergency Medicine Collaborative. To download the editable version (in PPT), to access additional learning modules, or to learn more about the project, see http://openmi.ch/em-gemc. Unless otherwise noted, this material is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike-3.0 License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/.
Meckels div
- A 49-year-old man presented with abdominal pain and vomiting. Imaging showed a partial small bowel obstruction.
- During surgery, a Meckel's diverticulum was found torsed around the small bowel, causing the obstruction. The Meckel's diverticulum was resected.
- Meckel's diverticulum is the most common congenital gastrointestinal abnormality, occurring in about 2% of the population. It can cause bleeding, intestinal obstruction, or inflammation/perforation from diverticulitis.
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Ultrasound in abdominal emergencies
This document discusses the use of ultrasound in evaluating various abdominal emergencies. It outlines that ultrasound is well-suited for the acute abdomen as it is noninvasive, portable, and lacks radiation. Key points include:
- Ultrasound can reliably diagnose acute cholecystitis by identifying gallstones and a positive Murphy's sign. It can also detect complications and non-biliary causes of right upper quadrant pain.
- Ultrasound effectively identifies choledocholithiasis through various imaging planes. It also evaluates other potential causes of pain like liver abscesses, masses, pancreatitis, and renal or vascular issues.
- Common ultrasound findings are discussed for many acute surgical and medical conditions of the
Emergency Ultrasound In Trauma
The document discusses emergency ultrasound in trauma patients. It describes how focused abdominal sonography for trauma (FAST) uses 4 views to detect free fluid in trauma patients in 3 minutes or less. Studies show FAST has a sensitivity of 81-98% and specificity of 88-100% for detecting intra-abdominal bleeding. While not showing specific injuries, FAST effectively detects patients needing surgery. The document also discusses using ultrasound to detect hemothorax, pericardial fluid, and penetrating cardiac wounds.
Acute Cholecystitis DR DILIP S.RAJPAL
Based on the limited information provided, this case is most consistent with acute cholangitis. The classic triad of right upper quadrant pain, jaundice, and fever is seen in about 70% of cases of acute cholangitis. Further workup would be needed to identify the underlying cause, such as gallstones in the common bile duct or a stricture. Treatment would involve antibiotics and consideration of ERCP for drainage or stenting.
Gallstone+disease
1. Gallstone disease ranges from asymptomatic cholelithiasis to complications like acute cholecystitis, cholangitis, or pancreatitis. The pathophysiology involves cholesterol supersaturation in bile leading to stone formation over three stages.
2. Seven cases demonstrate the clinical presentations of symptomatic cholelithiasis, chronic cholecystitis, acute cholecystitis, acalculous cholecystitis, choledocholithiasis, cholangitis, and gallstone pancreatitis. Diagnosis involves the history, exam, labs, and imaging findings specific to each condition.
3. Treatment depends on the condition but may include antibiotics, endoscopic retrograde cholangiop
Trauma pelvic fracture ortho prespective
Pelvic injuries can be life-threatening and require a multidisciplinary approach. Classification systems help determine treatment based on fracture pattern and stability. Hemorrhage control is critical through methods like sheeting, binders, or external fixation. Surgical stabilization may be needed for instability, displacement over 5mm, or open fractures. Non-operative care is appropriate for stable, minimally displaced fractures without posterior injury. Definitive treatment involves open reduction and internal fixation, while external fixation can provide temporary stabilization. Careful preoperative planning considers patient factors and associated injuries.
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