This document discusses next-generation refrigerants and focuses on R32. It begins by listing the objectives and discussing refrigerants in general and their effects on the environment. Specifically, it covers ozone depletion and global warming. R32 is then introduced as a solution and its features and benefits are described. The document evaluates R32's physical and chemical properties and regulations around refrigerants. It includes assessments to test the reader's understanding.
This slide is about some new green cooling system (refrigeration system) and green refrigerant. For the Ozone layer depletion and green house effect, it is high time to find new refrigerant and refrigeration system.
This is a presentation showing how much energy can be saved by using equipment engineered by CT-technologies in Denmark. CT-technologies are helping clients with solutions within cold facilities (e.g. cold storage, meat processing plants, dairy plants, etc.).
If you need more information please write an e-mail to bba@ct-technologies.dk
This slide is about some new green cooling system (refrigeration system) and green refrigerant. For the Ozone layer depletion and green house effect, it is high time to find new refrigerant and refrigeration system.
This is a presentation showing how much energy can be saved by using equipment engineered by CT-technologies in Denmark. CT-technologies are helping clients with solutions within cold facilities (e.g. cold storage, meat processing plants, dairy plants, etc.).
If you need more information please write an e-mail to bba@ct-technologies.dk
Presentation Outline:-
The Principles of Basic Refrigeration
Basic Refrigeration Cycle
There are countless applications for refrigeration plants now.
How do things get colder
Main Components
Accessories
Pressure
Pressure And Temperature
Refrigerator used for Cooling
Analysis of the Carnot Refrigerator
Terminology
The Vapor Compression Refrigeration Cycle
The Pressure-Enthalpy Diagram
Vapor Compression Refrigeration Analysis
VCR Cycle Irreversibilities
This presentation includes information about the evaporator, its history, working, classification, general types, methods of feeding, application, performance, thermal/process and design consideration, thermal design calculation, present and future vision regarding evaporators.
Dennis Stanke of Trane presents ASHRAE Standard 62.1 Update. Dennis is the Chair of the Standard 62.1 committee. Presented at the 2008 ASHRAE Region VI CRC in Chicago, Illinois.
May 15, 16, 17, 2008
Single and multiple effective evaporator (mee)Sumer Pankaj
A multiple-effect evaporator, as defined in chemical engineering, is an apparatus for efficiently using the heat from steam to evaporate water.[1] In a multiple-effect evaporator, water is boiled in a sequence of vessels, each held at a lower pressure than the last. Because the boiling temperature of water decreases as pressure decreases, the vapor boiled off in one vessel can be used to heat the next, and only the first vessel (at the highest pressure) requires an external source of heat. While in theory, evaporators may be built with an arbitrarily large number of stages, evaporators with more than four stages are rarely practical except in systems where the liquor is the desired product such as in chemical recovery systems where up to seven effects are used.
The multiple-effect evaporator was invented by an African-American inventor and engineer Norbert Rillieux. Although he may have designed the apparatus during the 1820s and constructed a prototype in 1834, he did not build the first industrially practical evaporator until 1845. Originally designed for concentrating sugar in sugar cane juice, it has since become widely used in all industrial applications where large volumes of water must be evaporated, such as salt production and water desalination.
Multiple effect evaporation commonly uses sensible heat in the condensate to preheat liquor to be flashed. In practice the design liquid flow paths can be somewhat complicated in order to extract the most recoverable heat and to obtain the highest evaporation rates from the equipment.
Multiple-effect evaporation plants in sugar beet factories have up to eight effects. Six effect evaporators are common in the recovery of black liquor in the kraft process for making wood pulp.
This presentation introduces the principle of an air source heat pump, the key parts of the heat pump system and shows some examples of how heat pumps saves your money and protects the environment.
Mr Sanjay Goyal, Director & Sr. VP, VRV, Light Commercial Business & Technical Support, Daikin India gave presentation on The Ecological Power of Green Refrigerant at CII-IGBC 15th Green Building Congress 2017 event at Jaipur.
“Refrigerant is the media (fluid) used for heat transfer in a refrigerating system that absorbs heat during evaporation from the region of low temperature and pressure, and releases heat during condensation at a region of higher temperature and pressure.”
Presentation Outline:-
The Principles of Basic Refrigeration
Basic Refrigeration Cycle
There are countless applications for refrigeration plants now.
How do things get colder
Main Components
Accessories
Pressure
Pressure And Temperature
Refrigerator used for Cooling
Analysis of the Carnot Refrigerator
Terminology
The Vapor Compression Refrigeration Cycle
The Pressure-Enthalpy Diagram
Vapor Compression Refrigeration Analysis
VCR Cycle Irreversibilities
This presentation includes information about the evaporator, its history, working, classification, general types, methods of feeding, application, performance, thermal/process and design consideration, thermal design calculation, present and future vision regarding evaporators.
Dennis Stanke of Trane presents ASHRAE Standard 62.1 Update. Dennis is the Chair of the Standard 62.1 committee. Presented at the 2008 ASHRAE Region VI CRC in Chicago, Illinois.
May 15, 16, 17, 2008
Single and multiple effective evaporator (mee)Sumer Pankaj
A multiple-effect evaporator, as defined in chemical engineering, is an apparatus for efficiently using the heat from steam to evaporate water.[1] In a multiple-effect evaporator, water is boiled in a sequence of vessels, each held at a lower pressure than the last. Because the boiling temperature of water decreases as pressure decreases, the vapor boiled off in one vessel can be used to heat the next, and only the first vessel (at the highest pressure) requires an external source of heat. While in theory, evaporators may be built with an arbitrarily large number of stages, evaporators with more than four stages are rarely practical except in systems where the liquor is the desired product such as in chemical recovery systems where up to seven effects are used.
The multiple-effect evaporator was invented by an African-American inventor and engineer Norbert Rillieux. Although he may have designed the apparatus during the 1820s and constructed a prototype in 1834, he did not build the first industrially practical evaporator until 1845. Originally designed for concentrating sugar in sugar cane juice, it has since become widely used in all industrial applications where large volumes of water must be evaporated, such as salt production and water desalination.
Multiple effect evaporation commonly uses sensible heat in the condensate to preheat liquor to be flashed. In practice the design liquid flow paths can be somewhat complicated in order to extract the most recoverable heat and to obtain the highest evaporation rates from the equipment.
Multiple-effect evaporation plants in sugar beet factories have up to eight effects. Six effect evaporators are common in the recovery of black liquor in the kraft process for making wood pulp.
This presentation introduces the principle of an air source heat pump, the key parts of the heat pump system and shows some examples of how heat pumps saves your money and protects the environment.
Mr Sanjay Goyal, Director & Sr. VP, VRV, Light Commercial Business & Technical Support, Daikin India gave presentation on The Ecological Power of Green Refrigerant at CII-IGBC 15th Green Building Congress 2017 event at Jaipur.
“Refrigerant is the media (fluid) used for heat transfer in a refrigerating system that absorbs heat during evaporation from the region of low temperature and pressure, and releases heat during condensation at a region of higher temperature and pressure.”
The International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Research and Technology is an international online journal in English published Quarterly offers a fast publication schedule whilst maintaining rigorous peer review the use of recommended electronic formats for article delivery expedites the process All submitted research articles are subjected to immediate rapid screening by the editors consultation with the Editorial Board or others working in the field as appropriate to ensure they are likely to be the level of interest and importance appropriate for the journal.
Nitrogen (N2) is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas that makes up 78.09% (by volume) of the air we breathe. It is non-flammable and it will not support combustion. Nitrogen gas is slightly lighter than air and slightly soluble in water. It is commonly thought of and used as an inert gas, but it is not truly inert.
Nitrogen gas is also used to provide an unreactive atmosphere. It is used in this way to preserve foods, and in the electronics industry during the production of transistors and diodes. Large quantities of nitrogen are used in annealing stainless steel and other steel mill products.
Experimental Study of R134a, R406A and R600a Blends as Alternative To Freon 12IOSR Journals
: In the vent of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) phase-out, identify long term alternative to meet
requirements in respect of system performance and service is an important area of research in the refrigeration
and are conditioning industry. This work focuses on experimental study of the performance of eco-friendly
refrigerant mixtures. Mixtures of three existing refrigerants namely: R600a (n-butane), R134a (1,1,
1,2,tetrafluoroethane) and R406A (55%R22/4%R600a/41%R142b)were considered for this research. These
refrigerants were mixed in various ratios, studied and compared with R-12 (dichlorodifluoromethane) which
was used as the control for the experimentation. The rig used in the experimentation is a 2 hp (1.492 kW)
domestic refrigerator, designed based on condensing and evaporating temperatures. The rig was
tested with R-12, and blends of the three refrigerants. During the experimentation, both evaporator and
condenser temperatures were measured. These were used to determine the heat absorbed in evaporator
and the heat rejected incondenser . The results show that R134a/R600a mixture in the ratio 50:50 can
be used as alternative to R-12 in domestic refrigerators, without the necessity of changing the compressor
lubricating oil. At and , R-12 gives a COP of 2.08 while 50:50 blend of R134a/R600a
gives a COP of 2.30 under the same operating conditions
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
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Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
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Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
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This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
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2. R32
At the end of this module you will be able to:
Discuss about refrigerants
List effects of refrigerants on
environment
Discuss about R32 as a refrigerant
Identify the features of R32
refrigerant
List the benefits of R32 refrigerant
Objectives
3. R32
• A RefrigerantIntroduction
Is used in an air
conditioning and
refrigeration cycle
Is fluid or mixture which
acts as heat carrier
Can change state from gas
to liquid, make air
conditioning possible
May contain chlorine
which can damage the
ozone layer, if leaked
4. •
R32
Refers to
the
damages
caused in
the Ozone
layer of
Earth
Is
measured
in terms of
Ozone
Depletion
Potential
(ODP)
Ozone Depletion
Refers to the
rise in
Earth’s
average
surface
temperature
Is measured
in terms of
Global
Warming
Potential
(GWP)
Global Warming
Environmental IssuesProblem
5. •
R32
Effects of Ozone DepletionProblem
In Human
•Damages DNA
•Suppresses
immune system
•Increases cases
of infectious
diseases
In Plants
•Reduces crop
production
•Causes damage
to seeds
•Reduces crop
quality
In Aquatic Life
•Damages
plankton
•Damages larvae
•Imbalances the
aquatic food
chain
On Materials
•Damages
rubber, paints,
plastic, wood
On
Environment
•Causes hole in
the ozone layer
•Increases
formation of
pollutants
Click each effect area to know more.
7. •
R32
Global Warming: Greenhouse EffectProblem
Some of
solar
radiation
reflected
back into
space.
Extra heat gets
trapped causing
Earth's temperature
to rise.
Some of this heat is
trapped by greenhouse
gases in the
atmosphere, keeping
the Earth warm enough
to sustain life.
1
8. •
R32
Greenhouse Effect: Rise in Sea Level
Place
Height from
Sea level
Mumbai 20.13 m
Chennai 1.52 m
Vizag 9.3 m
Porbandar 6.05 m
Puri 8.17 m
Bangkok 8.83 m
Singapore 23.38 m
Problem
9. •
R32
Global Efforts To Combat Environmental IssuesMeasures
• Was signed in 1985 to protect the ozone layer
• Served as framework for efforts to protect the
ozone layer
• Focused on adopting measures against ozone
layer depleting activities
Vienna Convention
• Was signed in 1987 as a means of identifying
possible ozone-depleting substances
• Resulted in further reviews and subsequent
implementation of tougher regulationsMontreal Protocol
Click each convention to know more
<OST1>
<OST2>
10. •
R32
Refrigerant Regulations: The Hole StoryMeasures
Screening Factors for Next Generation Refrigerant
Next Generation Refrigerants
Ozone
Protection
Climate
Change
Peak Load
Safety
Affordability
Energy
Resources
CFC Phase-out
HCFC Phase-out
Lower GWP
Low Emissions
High COP
Low Toxic
No/Low Flammable
Compact/Light
Easy Installation
& Maintenance
Reduced Charge
High Efficiency
Market Penetration
Efficient Use
Downsizing
Regulation
Recycle
Patent
Natural
Resources
<OST1>
<OST2>
12. •
R32
Physical and Chemical Properties of R32
Chemical Properties of R32
Molecular weight : 52.02 g/mol
Melting point of solid phase: -137 °C
Relative liquid density (Water=1) of liquid phase: 1.1
Boiling point: -51.65 °C
Latent heat of vaporization (1.013 bar at boiling point): 360.24 kJ/kg
Vapor pressure (at 20 °C or 68 °F): 13.8 bar
Critical temperature: 78.4 °C
Critical pressure: 53.8 bar
Properties
<OST1>
<OST2>
14. •
R32
Benefits of R32 As A RefrigerantBenefits
Gives nearly 15.3% more cooling as
compared to R410A
Gives 5% more power savings as compared
to R410A
Has 30% less charging volume as compared
to R410A and R22
Is a single component refrigerant, easy to
recycle
Easy to recycle as compared to R410A
Has best overall life-cycle climate
performance
<OST2><OST1>
Refrigerant ODP GWP
Carbon Dioxide 0 1
Ammonia 0 0
Water 0 0
R-11 1 4000
R-12 1 8500
R-22 0.05 1500
R32 0 675
R-410A 0 1730
R-134a 0 1300
15. •
R32
Identify Correct Statement/sKnowledge
Check
Refrigerants
are such atoms
which change
from gas to
liquid and vice
versa in the air
conditioning
cycle.
The extent of
damage or
potential of
various
refrigerants to
deplete the
ozone is
measured in
terms of their
GWP.
Ozone layer
depletion and
global warming
affects living
beings as well
as non-livings
materials.
In 1987, the
Vienna
Convention for
the Protection
of the Ozone
Layer was
signed in order
to protect the
ozone layer.
Air
conditioners
having R32 as
refrigerant
have shown
30% reduction
in electricity
consumption.
1 2 3 4 5
16. •
R32
Fill in the blanksKnowledge
Check
1. Refrigerant is
usually a fluid or
mixture which acts
as ________.
2. Various gases
and ________
contribute to
the global
warming.
3. Ozone
protects human
beings from
_____________.
Options
Submit
17. R32
In this module you learntSummary
Refrigerants are
compounds which
change from gas
to liquid and vice
versa in the air
conditioning
cycle.
Some refrigerants
are potentially
harmful for ozone
layer and
contribute to
global warming.
In 1985, the
Vienna
Convention was
signed in order to
protect the ozone
layer.
R32 is the most
balanced
refrigerant
available
18. R32
Instructions:
• The following questions contain equal weightage
• Read the questions carefully before answering
• You will be given only one chance
• Review your answers before submitting
• No negative marking will be done for the incorrect
responses
• You must secure at least 70% to pass the course and
get certificate
Assessment
19. R32
Print Certificate Re-visit Course
Assessment
Congratulations! You have successfully
completed the course.
If your score is less than 70%, restudy all the
topics and then once again give your
assessment.
If your score is more than 70% you can print
your certificate by clicking the link provided.
Editor's Notes
<Audio1>
Over the ages, we have been using air conditioners to keep ourselves cool, with which came the use of refrigerants. Earliest air conditioners employed toxic or flammable gases, such as ammonia, methyl chloride, or propane, that could result in fatal accidents when they are leaked. Later, Freon and CFCs were introduced which were non-toxic. However, even CFCs are being phased out owing to various environmental hazards that are associated with these. Therefore, we are left with the dire need to replace these refrigerants. Here comes the next generation refrigerant, R32.
<Audio2>
Hello and welcome to the course R32 The Next Generation Refrigerant.
At the end of this module, you will be able to discuss about refrigerants, list effects of refrigerants on environment, discuss about R32 as a refrigerant, and compare R32 refrigerant with other refrigerants. The course also helps you identify the features of R32 refrigerant and lists their benefits.
Refrigerant is a compound used in an air conditioning and refrigeration cycle. It is usually a fluid or mixture which acts as heat carrier. Refrigerants change their state from gas to liquid and vice versa during this cycle and make air conditioning possible.
Most common refrigerants are the chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). Such refrigerants contain chlorine, which can damage the ozone layer, if leaked from the air conditioners. This phenomenon is called Ozone Depletion.
Let us discuss about the impact of refrigerants on the environment. Later we will discuss about alternate refrigerant, that are free from chlorine, and hence, are safe for the environment. Click next to proceed.
The upper layer of Earth is a tri-atomic molecule of oxygen (O3). This layer is known as Ozone. It protects human beings from harmful Ultra Violet rays coming from Sun. Some refrigerants are potentially harmful for this layer, causing it to deplete. The extent of damage or potential of various refrigerants to deplete the ozone is measured in terms of their Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP).
Global warming is another environmental issue other than ozone depletion, which is caused by refrigerants. It refers to the rise in Earth’s average surface temperature. Various gases and other emissions also contribute to the global warming. Global warming is measured in terms of Global Warming Potential (GWP).
Click next to see the effects of ozone depletion on living organisms.
Let us now see the consequences and health hazards due to Ozone layer depletion and global warming.
Click each effect area to know more.
<Audio for In Human>
Ozone depletion has far-reaching effects on human health. It damages DNA, thereby suppressing immune system. As a result, humans face increased cases of infectious diseases such as cancer, cataract and so on.
<Audio for In Plants>
Plants and animals also have to deal with damages due to ozone layer depletion. Such damages include reduced crop production, damage to seeds, reduction in the crop quality, and so on.
<Audio for In Aquatic Life>
Effect of ozone layer depletion on aquatic organisms result in damages to plankton and larvae of aquatic animals. This in turn imbalances the aquatic food chain.
<Audio for On Materials>
Not only living beings, but materials such as rubber, paints, plastic, wood etc. get damaged due to ozone layer depletion. This phenomenon is more common in the tropical regions.
<Audio for On Environment>
The most prominent effect of ozone layer depletion is the hole in the ozone layer. Also, there is an increased formation of pollutants, which is also because of the ozone layer depletion.
The next frame shows how Ozone layer depletion occurs and what are its effect. Click next to view.
Ozone is made of three molecules of Oxygen. When the refrigerants are released into the air, chlorine disintegrates from the CFC molecule in the presence of sunlight, and is released into the atmosphere. This chlorine radical reacts with Ozone molecule. As a result, oxygen bond from ozone layer is broken. The free chlorine radical combines with the free oxygen molecule to form chlorine monoxide and diatomic oxygen. The free oxygen atoms from the ozone layer are released into the atmosphere. Later, this free oxygen atom breaks the bond in chlorine monoxide molecule to produce diatomic oxygen and free chlorine radical. The cycle continues like this. The ozone keeps on depleting and breaking into diatomic oxygen, which is absorbed by the living beings and converted into carbon dioxide. As a result, a hole is created in the ozone layer.
Click next to see effects of Ozone layer depletion.
<Audio1>
As is evident from the above illustration, the refrigerants that we commonly use have some adverse effects on the Ozone and global environment. Let us now discuss about global warming and its effects.
<Audio2>
Global warming is caused due to heating up of the Earth’s surface. When the Sun’s warmth is trapped in the lower atmosphere, it leads to greenhouse effect. Let us understand this process with the help of this diagram.
When solar radiation reaches the Earth's atmosphere, some of it is reflected back into space. Rest of the sun's energy is absorbed by the Earth surface and the oceans; thereby heating the Earth. The heat from the heated Earth again radiates towards space. However, not all of this heat is sent to space. Some of this heat is trapped by greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, keeping the Earth warm enough to sustain life. As a result extra heat gets trapped causing Earth's temperature to rise.
Human activities such as burning fossil fuels, agriculture and land clearing are increasing the amount of greenhouse gases released into the atmosphere. Refrigerants, if leaked from the air conditioning system go to lower atmosphere, and contribute to global warming.
Click next.
<Audio3>
The rise in the greenhouse gases has increased the temperature of the Earth so much that the glaciers have started melting. The melting water from the glacier’s snow in turn increases the sea level. Therefore, a world-wide rise in the sea level is being noticed. This puts the low-lying areas, particularly those lying near the sea area at high risk of submergence. The screen shows the latest recorded sea-levels of few low-lying areas. According to recent studies, Maldives, a collection of islands and a famous tourist place, would be under water by 2050. However, measures to curb the ill effects of greenhouse effect has already been started. Click Next to know more.
<Audio1>
The rising level of sea water imposes a threat globally, which needs to be addressed with immediate effect. Global efforts are being made to combat the environmental issues that we discussed above.
The screen shows the two important conventions relating to global efforts to combat environmental issues. Click each convention to know more.
<Audio for Vienna Convention>
In 1985, the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer was signed in order to protect the ozone layer.
This convention is often called a framework convention, because it served as a framework for efforts that followed to protect the ozone layer.
The objectives of the Vienna convention for all the countries were to promote cooperation on the effects of human activities on the ozone layer. It also focused on adopting measures against ozone layer depleting activities.
<Audio for Montreal Protocol>
In accordance with the provisions of the Vienna convention, the countries of the world agreed upon the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer. Montreal Protocol was signed in 1987 as a means of identifying possible ozone-depleting substances and restricting their production, consumption and trade. However, Ozone layer continued to be depleted after adoption of the Montreal Protocol, resulting in further reviews and subsequent implementation of tougher regulations over five different occasions by 2006.
Click next to know more about refrigerant regulations.
<Audio1>
As discussed above, Vienna and Montreal Protocols were signed off to put a check on further depletion of the ozone layer. Subsequent to the sign-off of the Montreal Protocol, all such gases were banned to be used which add to ozone depletion. These gases were CFCs, HCFCs, and so on.
In developing countries, like India, R22 is one of the mainstream refrigerants for air conditioners. R22 must be phased out due to its high ODP.
<Audio2>
When making choice for alternative to R22, various aspects must be taken into account. The screen shows the required properties and screening factors of the next generation refrigerants.
The next few frames discusses about the best alternative, R32 refrigerant. Click next to proceed.
<Audio1>
Previously, we have discussed that most refrigerants contain ozone depleting chlorine. However, there are a few refrigerants that are free from chlorine, such as R-410A and R32.
<Audio2>
R32 is the most balanced refrigerant available. The screen illustrates how R32 is the best solution for global environment. Have a look.
Let us talk about R32 in detail. Click next to proceed.
<Audio1>
R32 is chemically difluoromethane. It is a colorless and odorless gas with a boiling point of -51.6°C at standard atmospheric pressure.
<Audio2>
Further, chemical properties of difluoromethane, that is R32 are shown on the screen. Have a look.
<Audio3>
The physical and chemical attributes give R32 some special features, as compared to other refrigerants. Let us see what these features are. Click next to proceed.
<Audio1>
The most important feature of R32 is that it is environmentally safe. R32 has a zero ODP as well as low GWP. Even if it is accidently leaked to the environment, it is neither expected to remain in water, soil or in sediment, nor expected to bio-accumulate because of its gaseous nature. That means R32 refrigerant poses less impact on global warming.
Moreover, air conditioners having R32 as refrigerant consume less electricity. This increased efficiency of R32 makes it the most desirable, next generation refrigerant.
<Audio2>
These features of R32 make it beneficial to be deployed as a refrigerant. Let us now see the benefits of R32 as a refrigerant. Click next.
VO 1- If R32 is used as a refrigerant, it will give nearly 15.3% more cooling and 5% more power savings as compared to R410A. Also, R32 has approximately 30% less refrigerant charging volume as compared to R410A and R22. This makes R32 a better option as a refrigerant at higher temperature as compared to R22. Also, R32 is a single component refrigerant, making it easy to recycle as compared to R410A. This refrigerant has the lowest total emissions and best overall life-cycle climate performance. In short, use of R32 in new ranges of air conditioners which offers benefits as energy efficiency, excellent air quality and high comfort levels. At the same time it leads to lowering the environmental impact as imposed by other refrigerants.
VO2- The screen shows a comparison of R32 with other refrigerants. Click next to have a look.
Well, this is all about R32 that you are required to understand. Let us see how much have you grasped from the course.
Read the statements carefully and tick the statements that are True about R32.
Drag and drop the appropriate options in the blank spaces.
In this module you learnt that refrigerants are such compounds which change from gas to liquid and vice versa in the air conditioning cycle.
Some refrigerants are potentially harmful for ozone layer and contribute to global warming. In 1985, the Vienna Convention was signed in order to protect the ozone layer. Montreal Protocol was signed in 1987 restricting production, consumption and trade of ozone-depleting substances. R32 is the most balanced refrigerant available.
The following questions contain equal weightage
Read the questions carefully before answering
You will be given only one chance
Review your answers before submitting
No negative marking will be done for the incorrect responses
You must secure at least 70% to pass the course and get certificate
Congratulations! You have successfully completed the course.
If your score is less than 70%, restudy all the topics and then once again give your assessment.
If your score is more than 70% you can print your certificate by clicking the link provided.