In this tutorial, we learn to create variables in R. Followed by that, we explore the different data types including numeric, integer, character, logical and date/time.
This hands-on R course will guide users through a variety of programming functions in the open-source statistical software program, R. Topics covered include indexing, loops, conditional branching, S3 classes, and debugging. Full workshop materials available from http://projects.iq.harvard.edu/rtc/r-prog
The R language is a project designed to create a free, open source language which can be used as a replacement for the S-PLUS language, originally developed as the S language at AT&T Bell Labs, and currently marketed by Insightful Corporation of Seattle, Washington. R is an open source implementation of S, and differs from S-plus largely in its command-line only format.
Topics Covered:
1.Introduction to R
2.Installing R
3.Why Learn R
4.The R Console
5.Basic Arithmetic and Objects
6.Program Example
7.Programming with Big Data in R
8.Big Data Strategies in R
9.Applications of R Programming
10.Companies Using R
11.What R is not so good at
12.Conclusion
It covers- Introduction to R language, Creating, Exploring data with Various Data Structures e.g. Vector, Array, Matrices, and Factors. Using Methods with examples.
Basic tutorial for R programming. this video contains lot of information about r programming like
agenda
history
SOFTWARE PARADIGM
R interface
advantages of r
drawbacks of r
This hands-on R course will guide users through a variety of programming functions in the open-source statistical software program, R. Topics covered include indexing, loops, conditional branching, S3 classes, and debugging. Full workshop materials available from http://projects.iq.harvard.edu/rtc/r-prog
The R language is a project designed to create a free, open source language which can be used as a replacement for the S-PLUS language, originally developed as the S language at AT&T Bell Labs, and currently marketed by Insightful Corporation of Seattle, Washington. R is an open source implementation of S, and differs from S-plus largely in its command-line only format.
Topics Covered:
1.Introduction to R
2.Installing R
3.Why Learn R
4.The R Console
5.Basic Arithmetic and Objects
6.Program Example
7.Programming with Big Data in R
8.Big Data Strategies in R
9.Applications of R Programming
10.Companies Using R
11.What R is not so good at
12.Conclusion
It covers- Introduction to R language, Creating, Exploring data with Various Data Structures e.g. Vector, Array, Matrices, and Factors. Using Methods with examples.
Basic tutorial for R programming. this video contains lot of information about r programming like
agenda
history
SOFTWARE PARADIGM
R interface
advantages of r
drawbacks of r
The goal of this workshop is to introduce fundamental capabilities of R as a tool for performing data analysis. Here, we learn about the most comprehensive statistical analysis language R, to get a basic idea how to analyze real-word data, extract patterns from data and find causality.
This presentation educates you about R - data types in detail with data type syntax, the data types are - Vectors, Lists, Matrices, Arrays, Factors, Data Frames.
For more topics stay tuned with Learnbay.
This presentation discusses the following topics:
Basic features of R
Exploring R GUI
Data Frames & Lists
Handling Data in R Workspace
Reading Data Sets & Exporting Data from R
Manipulating & Processing Data in R
Regression analysis is a powerful statistical method that allows you to examine the relationship between two or more variables of interest. Regression analysis is a reliable method of identifying which variables have impact on a topic of interest. The process of performing a regression allows you to confidently determine which factors matter most, which factors can be ignored, and how these factors influence each other.In this presentation a brief introduction about SLR and MLR and their codes in R are described
The presentation is a brief case study of R Programming Language. In this, we discussed the scope of R, Uses of R, Advantages and Disadvantages of the R programming Language.
The goal of this workshop is to introduce fundamental capabilities of R as a tool for performing data analysis. Here, we learn about the most comprehensive statistical analysis language R, to get a basic idea how to analyze real-word data, extract patterns from data and find causality.
This presentation educates you about R - data types in detail with data type syntax, the data types are - Vectors, Lists, Matrices, Arrays, Factors, Data Frames.
For more topics stay tuned with Learnbay.
This presentation discusses the following topics:
Basic features of R
Exploring R GUI
Data Frames & Lists
Handling Data in R Workspace
Reading Data Sets & Exporting Data from R
Manipulating & Processing Data in R
Regression analysis is a powerful statistical method that allows you to examine the relationship between two or more variables of interest. Regression analysis is a reliable method of identifying which variables have impact on a topic of interest. The process of performing a regression allows you to confidently determine which factors matter most, which factors can be ignored, and how these factors influence each other.In this presentation a brief introduction about SLR and MLR and their codes in R are described
The presentation is a brief case study of R Programming Language. In this, we discussed the scope of R, Uses of R, Advantages and Disadvantages of the R programming Language.
In this tutorial, we explore the most basic data structure in R, the vector. We cover everything from creating vectors to subsetting them in different ways.
In this tutorial, we learn to create univariate bar plots using the Graphics package in R. We also learn to modify graphical parameters associated with the bar plot.
Learn to manipulate numbers in R using the built in numeric functions. This tutorial is part of the Working With Data module of the R Programming course offered by r-squared.
In this tutorial, we learn to create dynamic documents using R Markdown. It enables us to create beautiful reports and presentations that are fully reproducible.
In this tutorial, we learn to access MySQL database from R using the RMySQL package. The tutorial covers everything from creating tables, appending data to removing tables from the database.
Chapter 01 Introduction to Java by Tushar B KuteTushar B Kute
The lecture was condcuted by Tushar B Kute at YCMOU, Nashik through VLC orgnanized by MSBTE. The contents can be found in book "Core Java Programming - A Practical Approach' by Laxmi Publications.
MaciasWinter 2020ENG 107Project #2A Year in Gami.docxcroysierkathey
Macias
Winter 2020
ENG 107
Project #2
A Year in Gaming
(100 points)
For this project, you will create a digital portfolio of the games that were released on a certain year in gaming history. I will assign these years in class to avoid duplicates. Once you have your year, research the games that were released then.
You will then create a digital portrait of that year and group the games into categories based off what you notice about these games. Are there any similarities? Were there any particular world events that might have inspired these? (Games take years to make so you might look back over the previous two to five years for answers to this.) Were there any innovations to the gaming world that helped usher in these types of games? What consoles were popular at the time? What were the top selling games? Who are the game makers targeting as potential gamers with these games? Look for interesting trends, moments, and other facts to add depth to your project.
The answers to these questions and your groupings then need to be presented in a digital format. You can create a Powerpoint or Prezi presentation or you might choose to create a Tumblr, Instagram, Twitter, blog, WordPress, Pinterest, etc. account or even create a YouTube video for your year. If what you want to do isn’t listed- ask me.
Somewhere in the project, you must include the following:
· Your year
· Visual media
· Answers to above questions answered fully
· Games categorized
· Your name and class
· Organization
· A minimum of 1,200 words combined
· Creativity and originality
Important Dates
Tuesday, February 4th - Peer Workshop (digital or physical draft due in class)
First draft due to BlackBoard by 11:59pm
Thursday, February 13th- Final draft due to BlackBoard by 11:59pm
Either upload and attach your project or send me a link in the submission text box.
Your assigned year: ___________
· A procedure needs to store an inventory item’s name, height, and weight. The height may have a decimal place. The weight will be whole numbers only. Write the declaration statements to create the necessary procedure-level variables.
· Write an assignment statement that adds the contents of the sales1 variable to the contents of the sales2 variable and then assigns the sum to an existing variable named total Sales. All of the variables have the Decimal data type.
· Write the statement to declare a procedure-level named constant named TaxRate whose value is .2. The named constant should have the Double data type.
· Write the assignment statement to assign the string Dell to the string variable compType.
· Write the assignment statement to store the contents of the unitsTextBox in an Integer variable named numberOfUnits.
· Write the assignment statement to assign the contents of an Integer variable named numberOfUnits to the unitsLabel.
· Write the statement to declare a named constant named BonusRate whose value is .05. The named con ...
A comprehensive introduction to handling date and time data in R. Get an introduction to date and time manipulation in R. Learn to create, transform, extract and operate on date/time objects.
Learn the grammar of data manipulation using dplyr. You will work through a case study to explore the dplyr verbs such as filter, select, mutate, arrange, summarize, group_by etc.
Learn to write readable code with pipes using the magrittr package. You will learn about the forward operator (%>%), exposition operator (%$%) and the assignment operator (%<>%).
tibbles are an alternative for dataframes. You will learn how tibbles are different from dataframes, why you should use them, how to create and modify them.
Learn how to install & update R packages from CRAN, GitHub, Bioconductor etc. You wlll also learn to install specific versions of a package from CRAN or GitHub.
A brief introduction to the R ecosystem for absolute beginners. You will learn about the history and capabilities of R as a modern language for data science.
Data Visualization With R: Learn To Combine Multiple GraphsRsquared Academy
In this tutorial, we learn to combine multiple graphs into a single frame using the par() and layout() functions. We also compare the differences between the two functions.
Learn the basics of data visualization in R. In this module, we explore the Graphics package and learn to build basic plots in R. In addition, learn to add title, axis labels and range. Modify the color, font and font size. Add text annotations and combine multiple plots. Finally, learn how to save the plots in different formats.
Learn the built-in mathematical functions in R. This tutorial is part of the Working With Data module of the R Programming course offered by r-squared.
Learn to manipulate strings in R using the built in R functions. This tutorial is part of the Working With Data module of the R Programming Course offered by r-squared.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
2. R2 AcademyCourse Material
Slide 2
All the material related to this course are available at our website
Slides can be viewed at SlideShare
Scripts can be downloaded from GitHub
Videos can be viewed on our Youtube Channel
3. R2 AcademyObjectives
Slide 3
Variables
➢ What is a variable?
➢ How to create a variable?
➢ How to assign value?
➢ Understand rules for naming variables
Data Types
➢ Numeric
➢ Integer
➢ Character
➢ Logical
➢ Date/Time
5. Case Study
Suppose you are computing the area of a circle whose radius is 3. In R, you can do this straight
away as shown below:
But you cannot reuse the radius or the area computed in any other computation. Let us see how
variables can change the above scenario and help us in reusing values and computations.
R2 AcademyWhat is a Variable?
Slide 5
➢ Variables are the fundamental elements of any programming language.
➢ They are used to represent values that are likely to change.
➢ They reference memory locations that store information/data.
Let us look at a simple case study to understand variables.
> 3.14 * 3 * 3
[1] 28.26
6. R2 AcademyCreating Variables
Slide 6
ASSIGNMENT OPERATOR
VARIABLE NAME VARIABLE VALUE
radius <- 3
We can store the value of the radius by creating a variable and assigning it the value. In this
case, we create a variable called radius and assign it the value 3. In the next slide, we will
see how to use this variable in computing the area of a circle.
7. R2 AcademyUsing Variables
Slide 7
We use variable to store value of radius and pi and use them to compute the area of the
circle. The area computed is itself stored in another variable called area.
8. R2 AcademyComponents Of A Variable
Slide 8
Components
Name
Memory
Address
Value Data Type
radius 0x6d8d8c8 3 Numeric
9. R2 Academy
Slide 9
Naming Conventions
Name must begin with
a letter. Do not use
numbers, dollar sign
($) or underscore ( _ ).
The name can contain
numbers or underscore.
Do not use dash (-) or
period (.).
Do not use names of
keywords and avoid
using the names of
built-in functions.
Variables are case
sensitive, so average
and Average would be
different variables.
Use names that are
descriptive. Generally,
variable names should
be nouns.
If name is made of
more than one word,
use underscore ( _ ) to
separate them.
10. R2 Academy
Slide 10
✓ Variables are the building blocks of a programming language
✓ Variables reference memory locations that store information/data
✓ An assignment operator assigns value to a variable.
✓ A variable has the following components:
○ Name
○ Memory Address
○ Value
○ Data Type
✓ Certain rules must be followed while naming variables
Recap..
12. R2 AcademyData Types
Slide 12
Data
Numeric Integer Character Logical Date/Time
1.25 1 "hello" TRUE
"2015-10-05
11:41:06 IST"
13. R2 AcademyNumeric
Slide 13
In R, numbers are represented by the type numeric. We will first create a variable and assign it a value.
After that, we will learn a few methods of checking the type of the variable:
14. R2 AcademyNumeric
Slide 14
If you have carefully observed, integers are also treated as type numeric. We will learn to create
variables of type integer in a short while. We also learnt a couple of new built in functions:
➢ class
Since R is an object oriented programming language, everything we create, whether it is a variable or a
function, is an object that belongs to a certain class. Hence, the class function returns the class/type
of the variable.
➢ is.numeric
is.numeric tests whether the variable is of type numeric. Note that while the class function returns
the data type, is.numeric returns TRUE or FALSE.
15. R2 AcademyInteger
Slide 15
Unless specified otherwise, integers are treated as type numeric. In this section, we will learn to create
variables of the type integer and to convert other data types to integer.
➢ First we create a variable number1 and assigned it the value 3 but
when we use the class function, we can see that R treats number1 as
type numeric and not integer.
➢ We then use as.integer to create a second variable number2.
Since we have specified that the variable is of type integer, R treats
number2 as integer.
➢ After that, we use is.integer to test if number1 and number2 are
integers.
18. R2 AcademyCharacter
Slide 18
Letters, words and group of words are represented by the type character. All data of type character
must be enclosed in single or double quotation marks. In fact, any value enclosed in quotes, will be
treated as character type.
➢ First we create two variables first_name and last_name. In the
first case, the value assigned was enclosed in double quotes, while in
the second case the value assigned was enclosed in single qoutes.
➢ In the next case, we do not use any quotes and R returns an error.
Hence, always ensure that you use single or double quotes while
creating variables of type character.
➢ After that, we use is.character to test if last_name is of type
character.
21. R2 AcademyLogical
Slide 21
Logical data types take only two values. Either TRUE or FALSE. Such data types are created when we
compare two objects in R using comparison and logical operators.
➢ First we create two variables x and y. They are assigned the values
TRUE and FALSE. After that, we use is.logical to check if they
are of type logical.
➢ In the next case, we use comparison operators and see that their
result is always a logical value.
➢ Finally, we coerce other data types to type logical using
as.logical and see the outcome.
25. R2 AcademyDate/Time
Slide 25
Dates and time are represented by the data type date. We will briefly discuss ways to represent data
that contain dates and time. Use as.Date to coerce data to type date.
27. R2 Academy
Slide 27
● Numeric, Integer, Character,Logical and Date are the basic data types in R.
● class/typeof functions returns the data type of an object.
● is.data_type tests whether an object is of the specified data type
○ is.numeric
○ is.integer
○ is.character and
○ is.logical
● as.data_type will coerce objects to the specified data type
○ as.numeric
○ as.integer
○ as.character and
○ as.logical
Summary
28. R2 AcademyNext Steps...
Slide 28
In the next module:
✓ Understand the concept of vectors
✓ Create vectors of different data types
✓ Coercion of different data types
✓ Perform simple operations on vectors
✓ Handling missing data
✓ Learn to index/subset vectors
29. R2 Academy
Slide 29
Visit Rsquared Academy
for tutorials on:
→ R Programming
→ Business Analytics
→ Data Visualization
→ Web Applications
→ Package Development
→ Git & GitHub