This presentation educates you about R - data types in detail with data type syntax, the data types are - Vectors, Lists, Matrices, Arrays, Factors, Data Frames.
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This hands-on R course will guide users through a variety of programming functions in the open-source statistical software program, R. Topics covered include indexing, loops, conditional branching, S3 classes, and debugging. Full workshop materials available from http://projects.iq.harvard.edu/rtc/r-prog
In this tutorial, we learn to create variables in R. Followed by that, we explore the different data types including numeric, integer, character, logical and date/time.
It covers- Introduction to R language, Creating, Exploring data with Various Data Structures e.g. Vector, Array, Matrices, and Factors. Using Methods with examples.
This hands-on R course will guide users through a variety of programming functions in the open-source statistical software program, R. Topics covered include indexing, loops, conditional branching, S3 classes, and debugging. Full workshop materials available from http://projects.iq.harvard.edu/rtc/r-prog
In this tutorial, we learn to create variables in R. Followed by that, we explore the different data types including numeric, integer, character, logical and date/time.
It covers- Introduction to R language, Creating, Exploring data with Various Data Structures e.g. Vector, Array, Matrices, and Factors. Using Methods with examples.
Overview and about R, R Studio Installation, Fundamentals of R Programming: Data Structures and Data Types, Operators, Control Statements, Loop Statements, Functions,
Descriptive Analysis using R: Maximum, Minimum, Range, Mean, Median and Mode, Variance, Standard Deviation, Quantiles, IQR, Summary
As part of the GSP’s capacity development and improvement programme, FAO/GSP have organised a one week training in Izmir, Turkey. The main goal of the training was to increase the capacity of Turkey on digital soil mapping, new approaches on data collection, data processing and modelling of soil organic carbon. This 5 day training is titled ‘’Training on Digital Soil Organic Carbon Mapping’’ was held in IARTC - International Agricultural Research and Education Center in Menemen, Izmir on 20-25 August, 2017.
The presentation is a brief case study of R Programming Language. In this, we discussed the scope of R, Uses of R, Advantages and Disadvantages of the R programming Language.
This is the basic introduction of the pandas library, you can use it for teaching this library for machine learning introduction. This slide will be able to help to understand the basics of pandas to the students with no coding background.
This presentation discusses the following topics:
Basic features of R
Exploring R GUI
Data Frames & Lists
Handling Data in R Workspace
Reading Data Sets & Exporting Data from R
Manipulating & Processing Data in R
The goal of this workshop is to introduce fundamental capabilities of R as a tool for performing data analysis. Here, we learn about the most comprehensive statistical analysis language R, to get a basic idea how to analyze real-word data, extract patterns from data and find causality.
Overview and about R, R Studio Installation, Fundamentals of R Programming: Data Structures and Data Types, Operators, Control Statements, Loop Statements, Functions,
Descriptive Analysis using R: Maximum, Minimum, Range, Mean, Median and Mode, Variance, Standard Deviation, Quantiles, IQR, Summary
As part of the GSP’s capacity development and improvement programme, FAO/GSP have organised a one week training in Izmir, Turkey. The main goal of the training was to increase the capacity of Turkey on digital soil mapping, new approaches on data collection, data processing and modelling of soil organic carbon. This 5 day training is titled ‘’Training on Digital Soil Organic Carbon Mapping’’ was held in IARTC - International Agricultural Research and Education Center in Menemen, Izmir on 20-25 August, 2017.
The presentation is a brief case study of R Programming Language. In this, we discussed the scope of R, Uses of R, Advantages and Disadvantages of the R programming Language.
This is the basic introduction of the pandas library, you can use it for teaching this library for machine learning introduction. This slide will be able to help to understand the basics of pandas to the students with no coding background.
This presentation discusses the following topics:
Basic features of R
Exploring R GUI
Data Frames & Lists
Handling Data in R Workspace
Reading Data Sets & Exporting Data from R
Manipulating & Processing Data in R
The goal of this workshop is to introduce fundamental capabilities of R as a tool for performing data analysis. Here, we learn about the most comprehensive statistical analysis language R, to get a basic idea how to analyze real-word data, extract patterns from data and find causality.
Data Manipulation with Numpy and Pandas in PythonStarting with NOllieShoresna
Data Manipulation with Numpy and Pandas in Python
Starting with Numpy
#load the library and check its version, just to make sure we aren't using an older version
import numpy as np
np.__version__
'1.12.1'
#create a list comprising numbers from 0 to 9
L = list(range(10))
#converting integers to string - this style of handling lists is known as list comprehension.
#List comprehension offers a versatile way to handle list manipulations tasks easily. We'll learn about them in future tutorials. Here's an example.
[str(c) for c in L]
['0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9']
[type(item) for item in L]
[int, int, int, int, int, int, int, int, int, int]
Creating Arrays
Numpy arrays are homogeneous in nature, i.e., they comprise one data type (integer, float, double, etc.) unlike lists.
#creating arrays
np.zeros(10, dtype='int')
array([0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0])
#creating a 3 row x 5 column matrix
np.ones((3,5), dtype=float)
array([[ 1., 1., 1., 1., 1.],
[ 1., 1., 1., 1., 1.],
[ 1., 1., 1., 1., 1.]])
#creating a matrix with a predefined value
np.full((3,5),1.23)
array([[ 1.23, 1.23, 1.23, 1.23, 1.23],
[ 1.23, 1.23, 1.23, 1.23, 1.23],
[ 1.23, 1.23, 1.23, 1.23, 1.23]])
#create an array with a set sequence
np.arange(0, 20, 2)
array([0, 2, 4, 6, 8,10,12,14,16,18])
#create an array of even space between the given range of values
np.linspace(0, 1, 5)
array([ 0., 0.25, 0.5 , 0.75, 1.])
#create a 3x3 array with mean 0 and standard deviation 1 in a given dimension
np.random.normal(0, 1, (3,3))
array([[ 0.72432142, -0.90024075, 0.27363808],
[ 0.88426129, 1.45096856, -1.03547109],
[-0.42930994, -1.02284441, -1.59753603]])
#create an identity matrix
np.eye(3)
array([[ 1., 0., 0.],
[ 0., 1., 0.],
[ 0., 0., 1.]])
#set a random seed
np.random.seed(0)
x1 = np.random.randint(10, size=6) #one dimension
x2 = np.random.randint(10, size=(3,4)) #two dimension
x3 = np.random.randint(10, size=(3,4,5)) #three dimension
print("x3 ndim:", x3.ndim)
print("x3 shape:", x3.shape)
print("x3 size: ", x3.size)
('x3 ndim:', 3)
('x3 shape:', (3, 4, 5))
('x3 size: ', 60)
Array Indexing
The important thing to remember is that indexing in python starts at zero.
x1 = np.array([4, 3, 4, 4, 8, 4])
x1
array([4, 3, 4, 4, 8, 4])
#assess value to index zero
x1[0]
4
#assess fifth value
x1[4]
8
#get the last value
x1[-1]
4
#get the second last value
x1[-2]
8
#in a multidimensional array, we need to specify row and column index
x2
array([[3, 7, 5, 5],
[0, 1, 5, 9],
[3, 0, 5, 0]])
#1st row and 2nd column value
x2[2,3]
0
#3rd row and last value from the 3rd column
x2[2,-1]
0
#replace value at 0,0 index
x2[0,0] = 12
x2
array([[12, 7, 5, 5],
[ 0, 1, 5, 9],
[ 3, 0, 5, 0]])
Array Slicing
Now, we'll learn to access multiple or a range of elements from an array.
x = np.arange(10)
x
array([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9])
#from start to 4th position
x[: ...
A short tutorial on R, basically for a starter who wants to do data mining especially text data mining.
Related codes and data will be found at the following lnik: http://textanalytics.in/wm/R%20tutorial%20(DATA2014).zip
This presentation educates you about top data science project ideas for Beginner, Intermediate and Advanced. the ideas such as Fake News Detection Using Python, Data Science Project on, Detecting Forest Fire, Detection of Road Lane Lines, Project on Sentimental Analysis, Speech Recognition, Developing Chatbots, Detection of Credit Card Fraud and Customer Segmentations etc:
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This presentation educate you about how to create table using Python MySQL with example syntax and Creating a table in MySQL using python.
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This presentation educates you about Python MySQL - Create Database and Creating a database in MySQL using python with sample program.
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This presentation educates you about Python MySQL - Database Connection, Python MySQL - Database Connection, Establishing connection with MySQL using python with sample program.
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This presentation educates you about Python MySQL, Python Database, What is mysql-connector-python?, How do I Install mysql-connector-python? and Installing mysql-connector-python with sample program.
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This presentation educates you about AI - Issues and the types of issue, AI - Terminology with its list of frequently used terms in the domain of AI.
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This presentation educates you about AI - Fuzzy Logic Systems and its Implementation, Why Fuzzy Logic?, Why Fuzzy Logic?, Membership Function, Example of a Fuzzy Logic System and its Algorithm.
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This presentation educates you about AI - Working of ANNs, Machine Learning in ANNs, Back Propagation Algorithm, Bayesian Networks (BN), Building a Bayesian Network and Gather Relevant Information of Problem.
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This presentation educates you about AI- Neural Networks, Basic Structure of ANNs with a sample of ANN and Types of Artificial Neural Networks are Feedforward and Feedback.
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This presentation educates you about Artificial Intelligence - Robotics, What is Robotics?, Difference in Robot System and Other AI Program, Robot Locomotion, Components of a Robot and Applications of Robotics.
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This presentation educates you about Applications of Expert System, Expert System Technology, Development of Expert Systems: General Steps and Benefits of Expert Systems.
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This presentation educates you about AI - Components and Acquisition of Expert Systems and those are Knowledge Base, Knowledge Base and User Interface, AI - Expert Systems Limitation.
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This presentation educates you about AI - Expert Systems, Characteristics of Expert Systems, Capabilities of Expert Systems and Components of Expert Systems.
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This presentation educates you about AI - Natural Language Processing, Components of NLP (NLU and NLG), Difficulties in NLU and NLP Terminology and steps of NLP.
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This presentation educates you about AI - Popular Search Algorithms, Single Agent Pathfinding Problems, Search Terminology, Brute-Force Search Strategies, Breadth-First Search and Depth-First Search with example chart.
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This presentation educates you about AI - Agents & Environments, Agent Terminology, Rationality, What is Ideal Rational Agent?, The Structure of Intelligent Agents and Properties of Environment.
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This presentation educates you about Artificial Intelligence - Research Areas, Speech and Voice Recognition., Working of Speech and Voice Recognition Systems and Real Life Applications of Research Areas.
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This presentation educates you about Artificial intelligence composed and those are Reasoning, Learning, Problem Solving, Perception and Linguistic Intelligence.
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This presentation educates you about Artificial Intelligence - Intelligent Systems, Types of Intelligence, Linguistic intelligence, Musical intelligence, Logical-mathematical intelligence, Spatial intelligence, Bodily-Kinesthetic intelligence, Intra-personal intelligence and Interpersonal intelligence.
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This presentation educates you about Applications of Artificial Intelligence such as Intelligent Robots, Handwriting Recognition, Speech Recognition, Vision Systems and so more.
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Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
2. Generally, while doing programming in any
programming language, you need to use various
variables to store various information.
Variables are nothing but reserved memory
locations to store values.
This means that, when you create a variable you
reserve some space in memory.
You may like to store information of various data
types like character, wide character, integer,
floating point, double floating point, Boolean etc.
Based on the data type of a variable, the
operating system allocates memory and decides
what can be stored in the reserved memory.
R - Data Types
3. In contrast to other programming languages like C
and java in R, the variables are not declared as
some data type.
The variables are assigned with R-Objects and the
data type of the R-object becomes the data type of
the variable.
There are many types of R-objects. The frequently
used ones are :-
Vectors
Lists
Matrices
Arrays
Factors
Data Frames
4. When you want to create vector with more than
one element, you should use c() function which
means to combine the elements into a vector.
Vectors
When we execute the above code, it produces the
following result
# Create a vector.
apple <- c('red','green',"yellow")
print(apple)
# Get the class of the vector.
print(class(apple))
[1] "red" "green" "yellow"
[1] "character"
5. A list is an R-object which can contain many
different types of elements inside it like vectors,
functions and even another list inside it.
Lists
When we execute the above code, it produces the
following result
# Create a list.
list1 <- list(c(2,5,3),21.3,sin)
# Print the list.
print(list1)
[[1]]
[1] 2 5 3
[[2]]
[1] 21.3
[[3]]
function (x) .Primitive("sin")
6. A matrix is a two-dimensional rectangular data
set. It can be created using a vector input to the
matrix function.
Matrices
When we execute the above code, it produces the
following result
# Create a matrix.
M = matrix( c('a','a','b','c','b','a'), nrow = 2, ncol = 3,
byrow = TRUE)
print(M)
[,1] [,2] [,3]
[1,] "a" "a" "b"
[2,] "c" "b" "a"
7. While matrices are confined to two dimensions,
arrays can be of any number of dimensions.
The array function takes a dim attribute which
creates the required number of dimension.
In the below example we create an array with two
elements which are 3x3 matrices each.
Arrays
# Create an array.
a <- array(c('green','yellow'),dim = c(3,3,2))
print(a)
8. When we execute the above code, it produces the
following result
, , 1
[,1] [,2] [,3]
[1,] "green" "yellow" "green"
[2,] "yellow" "green" "yellow"
[3,] "green" "yellow" "green"
, , 2
[,1] [,2] [,3]
[1,] "yellow" "green" "yellow"
[2,] "green" "yellow" "green"
[3,] "yellow" "green" "yellow"
9. Factors are the r-objects which are created using a
vector.
It stores the vector along with the distinct values
of the elements in the vector as labels.
The labels are always character irrespective of
whether it is numeric or character or Boolean etc.
in the input vector.
They are useful in statistical modeling.
Factors are created using the factor() function.
The n levels functions gives the count of levels.
Factors
10. # Create a vector.
apple_colors <-
c('green','green','yellow','red','red','red','green')
# Create a factor object.
factor_apple <- factor(apple_colors)
# Print the factor.
print(factor_apple)
print(nlevels(factor_apple))
When we execute the above code, it produces the
following result
[1] green green yellow red red red green
Levels: green red yellow
[1] 3
11. Data frames are tabular data objects. Unlike a
matrix in data frame each column can contain
different modes of data.
The first column can be numeric while the second
column can be character and third column can be
logical. It is a list of vectors of equal length.
Data Frames are created using the data.frame()
function.
Data Frames
# Create the data frame.
BMI <- data.frame(
gender = c("Male", "Male","Female"),
height = c(152, 171.5, 165),
weight = c(81,93, 78),
Age = c(42,38,26)
)
print(BMI)
12. When we execute the above code, it produces the
following result
gender height weight Age
1 Male 152.0 81 42
2 Male 171.5 93 38
3 Female 165.0 78 26
13. R - Decision making
R - Loops
R - Strings
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