This thesis deal with design development and fabrication of “MULTI PURPOSE MECHANICAL MACHINE”. This machine is designed for the purpose of MULTI-OPERATIONs i.e. BLANKING, CUTTING, SHAPING, HAMMERING & GRINDING. This machine perform multipurpose operation at same time with required speed & this machine is automatic which is controlled or operated by motor which is run with the help of current. This machine is based on the mechanism of whit worth return. This model of the multi operational machine is may be used in industries and domestic operation which can perform mechanical operation like drilling, cutting & shaping of a thin metallic as well as wooden model or body
This project is done by the mechanical diploma engineering student of tssm's bscoer poly., pune
design and development of multipurpose mechanical machine
last year project-2017-18
it is the best project for the engineering student for the last year by modification as per the need
Design and fabrication of prototype of multipurpose machine for sheet metal o...eSAT Journals
Abstract Sheet metal is basically a thin sheet of metal by using several operations. Nowadays it has become one of the most
important and fundamental forms in metalworking.[10] the advantage of sheet metal is that it can be bent into variety of
desired shapes. Lots of everyday objects are being manufactured using sheet metal. Sheet metal is mainly used for various
aerodynamically shaped car bodies, airplane wings, architecture and many other applications.[9] dent removing/rolling, cutting
and v-grooving are the most widely used operations in the fabrication industry. The conventional machines could only carry out
any of the above operations simultaneously. If these operations can be done on a single machine, it would not only make work quite
easy and less tedious but also increases profitability .moreover, conventional machines are often hand operated for small scale industry
applications. Also the time taken on these separate machines that is the overall lead time decreases by making them power
operated, resulting in lower cost and higher productivity. Our project is to encompass these operations onto a single machine
successfully. Keywords: Sheet Metal, Rolling, Cutting, V-Grooving
Design and fabrication of multi way hacksaw machine REPORT Eshver chandra
In this project work and effort has been made to develop a modernized multi way hacksaw machine and less stress full operation for cutting wood, metal and plastic materials. The aim of this work is to develop a hacksaw machine that will use a less effort to produce uniform cutting of PVC pipes, metals, wood. It is also done to show the performance difference between hand driven, pedal drive and multi way hacksaw machine. This model implies a conversion of rotary motion of swashplate to reciprocating motion of hacksaw blades, which is done by using Wobble Plate Mechanism. This motion is used for hacksaw machine; in this model we can operate multi hacksaws simultaneously. This model will overcome the traditional hacksaw machine which done material cutting of single piece at particular times interval and also fulfils the need of more material cutting accounts to mass production. This machine works significantly with minimum vibrations and jerks. Hence the purposed model of hacksaw machines will be welcomed by many industries due to compactness and efficiency. To achieve this goal the multi way hacksaw machine is developed.
This project is done by the mechanical diploma engineering student of tssm's bscoer poly., pune
design and development of multipurpose mechanical machine
last year project-2017-18
it is the best project for the engineering student for the last year by modification as per the need
Design and fabrication of prototype of multipurpose machine for sheet metal o...eSAT Journals
Abstract Sheet metal is basically a thin sheet of metal by using several operations. Nowadays it has become one of the most
important and fundamental forms in metalworking.[10] the advantage of sheet metal is that it can be bent into variety of
desired shapes. Lots of everyday objects are being manufactured using sheet metal. Sheet metal is mainly used for various
aerodynamically shaped car bodies, airplane wings, architecture and many other applications.[9] dent removing/rolling, cutting
and v-grooving are the most widely used operations in the fabrication industry. The conventional machines could only carry out
any of the above operations simultaneously. If these operations can be done on a single machine, it would not only make work quite
easy and less tedious but also increases profitability .moreover, conventional machines are often hand operated for small scale industry
applications. Also the time taken on these separate machines that is the overall lead time decreases by making them power
operated, resulting in lower cost and higher productivity. Our project is to encompass these operations onto a single machine
successfully. Keywords: Sheet Metal, Rolling, Cutting, V-Grooving
Design and fabrication of multi way hacksaw machine REPORT Eshver chandra
In this project work and effort has been made to develop a modernized multi way hacksaw machine and less stress full operation for cutting wood, metal and plastic materials. The aim of this work is to develop a hacksaw machine that will use a less effort to produce uniform cutting of PVC pipes, metals, wood. It is also done to show the performance difference between hand driven, pedal drive and multi way hacksaw machine. This model implies a conversion of rotary motion of swashplate to reciprocating motion of hacksaw blades, which is done by using Wobble Plate Mechanism. This motion is used for hacksaw machine; in this model we can operate multi hacksaws simultaneously. This model will overcome the traditional hacksaw machine which done material cutting of single piece at particular times interval and also fulfils the need of more material cutting accounts to mass production. This machine works significantly with minimum vibrations and jerks. Hence the purposed model of hacksaw machines will be welcomed by many industries due to compactness and efficiency. To achieve this goal the multi way hacksaw machine is developed.
AUTOMATIC PORTABLE HAMMERING MACHINE
TITLE PAGE
CERTIFICATE
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
LIST OF FIGURES
INTRODUCTION
LITERATURE REVIEW
INTRODUCTION
PROJECT METHODS AND COMPONENT DETAILS
DESIGN OF HAMMERING MACHINE
CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION
FUTURE SCOPE
REFERENCES
CAD MODEL
This project is on the design and construction of a solar power hacksaw machine for cutting of metal to different size and length with the help of solar hacksaw.
A presentation on the whitworth quick return mechanism, that covers the historical development of the mechanism, its applications, mathematical analysis, Solidworks and AdamsView Simulation images
design and fabrication ofGear cutting attachment in lathe machineabes ec
In Today’s Fast Life Every One Wants To Save Time And Money, Even Small Scale Industrialist Wants To Earn More Profits With Given Limited Resources .Due To The Globalization The Competition Is Increasing Day By Day, Especially Micro Industries Is Facing Lot Of Trouble To Sustain In Throat Cutting Competition. So We Came Up With An Idea Of Saving Money By Desginning And Fabritacting of Attachment of gear cutting in lathe Which Can Save Money Of Small Industrialist By Avoiding The Subcontarction Of Works Which May Required Specail Machines .
AUTOMATIC PORTABLE HAMMERING MACHINE
TITLE PAGE
CERTIFICATE
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
LIST OF FIGURES
INTRODUCTION
LITERATURE REVIEW
INTRODUCTION
PROJECT METHODS AND COMPONENT DETAILS
DESIGN OF HAMMERING MACHINE
CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION
FUTURE SCOPE
REFERENCES
CAD MODEL
Design & development of multi orientation drilling special purpose machine su...IJERD Editor
The growth of Indian manufacturing sector depends largely on its productivity & quality. Productivity depends upon many factors, one of the major factors being manufacturing efficiency with which the operation /activities are carried out in the organization. Productivity can be improved by reducing the total machining time, combining the operations etc. In case of mass production where variety of jobs is less and quantity to be produced is huge, it is very essential to produce the job at a faster rate. This is not possible if we carry out the production by using general purpose machines. The best way to improve the production rate (productivity) along with quality is by use of special purpose machine. Usefulness and performance of the existing radial drilling machine will be increased by designing and development of multispindle drilling head attachment. This paper deals with such development undertaken for similar job under consideration along with industrial case study. Keywords- Various methods, Design, Manufacturing, Statistical process control (Process capability)
AUTOMATIC PORTABLE HAMMERING MACHINE
TITLE PAGE
CERTIFICATE
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
LIST OF FIGURES
INTRODUCTION
LITERATURE REVIEW
INTRODUCTION
PROJECT METHODS AND COMPONENT DETAILS
DESIGN OF HAMMERING MACHINE
CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION
FUTURE SCOPE
REFERENCES
CAD MODEL
This project is on the design and construction of a solar power hacksaw machine for cutting of metal to different size and length with the help of solar hacksaw.
A presentation on the whitworth quick return mechanism, that covers the historical development of the mechanism, its applications, mathematical analysis, Solidworks and AdamsView Simulation images
design and fabrication ofGear cutting attachment in lathe machineabes ec
In Today’s Fast Life Every One Wants To Save Time And Money, Even Small Scale Industrialist Wants To Earn More Profits With Given Limited Resources .Due To The Globalization The Competition Is Increasing Day By Day, Especially Micro Industries Is Facing Lot Of Trouble To Sustain In Throat Cutting Competition. So We Came Up With An Idea Of Saving Money By Desginning And Fabritacting of Attachment of gear cutting in lathe Which Can Save Money Of Small Industrialist By Avoiding The Subcontarction Of Works Which May Required Specail Machines .
AUTOMATIC PORTABLE HAMMERING MACHINE
TITLE PAGE
CERTIFICATE
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
LIST OF FIGURES
INTRODUCTION
LITERATURE REVIEW
INTRODUCTION
PROJECT METHODS AND COMPONENT DETAILS
DESIGN OF HAMMERING MACHINE
CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION
FUTURE SCOPE
REFERENCES
CAD MODEL
Design & development of multi orientation drilling special purpose machine su...IJERD Editor
The growth of Indian manufacturing sector depends largely on its productivity & quality. Productivity depends upon many factors, one of the major factors being manufacturing efficiency with which the operation /activities are carried out in the organization. Productivity can be improved by reducing the total machining time, combining the operations etc. In case of mass production where variety of jobs is less and quantity to be produced is huge, it is very essential to produce the job at a faster rate. This is not possible if we carry out the production by using general purpose machines. The best way to improve the production rate (productivity) along with quality is by use of special purpose machine. Usefulness and performance of the existing radial drilling machine will be increased by designing and development of multispindle drilling head attachment. This paper deals with such development undertaken for similar job under consideration along with industrial case study. Keywords- Various methods, Design, Manufacturing, Statistical process control (Process capability)
Viktor Bezhenar @ Kharkiv PM Day - Delegation and Empowerment: Lessons Learnedviktor_bezhenar
Spoken on the great conference Kharkiv PM Day in March 2017. Described my experience in buiding self-motivated and empowered teams. Audience liked this one a lot - ready to share my knowledge on this topic anytime!
Abstract: This project was discussed about the design and implementation of automated multiple water filling machine using Geneva mechanism. Generally, the function of the machine is to fill the water automatically into bottles through a moving bottle plate. This project is the combination of Geneva and electrical syncronous motor system. This project is divided into four sections, the loading section, the bottle plate section and filling section, where the whole sections is controlled by Geneva. The entire system is more flexible and time saving.
Introduced gearless power transmission arrangement used for skew shafts. In this transmission system no. of pins or links used must be odd..3,5,7,9…..& centers of any two pins or links hole must not be on that line which represent the diameter of the shaft. If more pins or links used motion will be smoother, but increase in no. of pins or links not at the cost of strength of the shaft. Pins or links are fixed (may be permanent of temporary) in the drilled holes at the both shaft ends due to which motion is transferred. The dimensions of the pins or links and angle for the pins are all given very precisely, holes drilled very accurately.
Proposed arrangement used for skew shafts at any angle & if there is a need we can change the angle between shafts during motion or during intermittent motion with any profile of shafts having rotational motion along its own axis. The Working of this arrangement is very smooth & use very effectively with a very minimum amount of power losses.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Design and Analysis of Algorithms-DP,Backtracking,Graphs,B&B
Multi
1. ABSTRACT
This thesis deal with design development and fabrication of “MULTI PURPOSE
MECHANICAL MACHINE”. This machine is designed for the purpose of MULTI-
OPERATIONs i.e. BLANKING, CUTTING, SHAPING, HAMMERING & GRINDING.
This machine perform multipurpose operation at same time with required speed & this machine
is automatic which is controlled or operated by motor which is run with the help of current. This
machine is based on the mechanism of whit worth return. This model of the multi operational
machine is may be used in industries and domestic operation which can perform mechanical
operation like drilling, cutting & shaping of a thin metallic as well as wooden model or body.
2. CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
Industries are basically meant for Production of useful goods and services at low production cost,
machinery cost and low inventory cost. Today in this world every task have been made quicker
and fast due to technology advancement but this advancement also demands huge investments
and expenditure, every industry desires to make high productivity rate maintaining the quality
and standard of the product at low average cost
In an industry a considerable portion of investment is being made for machinery installation. So
in this paper we have a proposed a machine which can perform operations like drilling, sawing,
shaping, some lathe operations at different working centers simultaneously which implies that
industrialist have not to pay for machine performing above tasks individually for operating
operation simultaneously.
Economics of manufacturing: According to some economists, manufacturing is a wealth-
producing sector of an economy, whereas a service sector tends to be wealth-consuming.
Emerging technologies have provided some new growth in advanced manufacturing employment
opportunities in the Manufacturing Belt in the United States. Manufacturing provides important
material support for national infrastructure and for national defense.
3. CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
Before starting our work we have undergone through many research papers which
indicates that for a production based industries machine installation is a tricky task as many
factor being associated with it such as power consumption (electricity bill per machine),
maintenance cost, no of units produced per machine i.e. capacity of machine, time consumption
and many more….
Some research papers which have led us to approach to the idea of a machine which may give
solution to all these factors are as follows:
Heinrich Arnold1 November 2001: Rather long re-investment cycles of about 15 years
have created the notion that innovation in the machine tool industry happens incrementally. But
looking at its recent history, the integration of digital controls technology and computers into
machine tools have hit the industry in three waves of technology shocks. Most companies
underestimated the impact of this new technology. This article gives an overview of the history
of the machine tool industry since numerical controls were invented and introduced and analyzes
the disruptive character of this new technology on the market. About 100 interviews were
conducted with decision-makers and industry experts who witnessed the development of the
industry over the last forty years. The study establishes a connection between radical
technological change, industry structure, and competitive environment. It reveals a number of
important occurrences and interrelations that have so far gone unnoticed.
Dr. ToshimichiMoriwaki (2006): Recent trends in the machine tool technologies are
surveyed from the view points of high speed and high performance machine tools, combined
multifunctional machine tools, ultra precision machine tools and advanced and intelligent control
technologies.
4. Frankfurt-am Main, 10 January 2011. : The crisis is over, but selling machinery
remains a tough business. Machine tools nowadays have to be veritable “jack of all trades”, able
to handle all kinds of materials, to manage without any process materials as far as possible, and
be capable of adapting to new job profiles with maximized flexibility. Two highly respected
experts on machining and forming from Dortmund and Chemnitz report on what’s in store for
machine tool manufacturers and users.
Multi-purpose machines are the declarations of independence. The trend towards the kind of
multi-purpose machining centers that are able to cost efficiently handle a broad portfolio of
products with small batch sizes accelerated significantly during the crisis. “With a multi-purpose
machine, you’re less dependent on particular products and sectors”, explains Biermann.
2.1. WHITWORTH’S QUICK RETURN MECHANISM
The objective of this experiment is to investigate the performance of a whit worth quick return
motion and to verify that the motion does have a quick return stroke and a slow cutting or
forward stroke.
Mechanism is a simplified model, usually in the form of a line diagram, which is used to
reproduce exactly the motion occurring in a machine. The purpose if this reproduction is to
enable the nature of the motion to be investigated without the encumbrance of the various solid
bodies which forms the machine elements.
WHITWORTH QUICK RETURN MECHANISM
5. The above diagram shows the mechanism as used on the apparatus. Link 1 on the top diagram is
extended to point A. Attach to point A is another link with pivot. The other end of this link
terminated in a slider. In a machine tool where this mechanism is used the cutting tool is attached
to this slider.
The link POA rotates about a O. The mechanism is driven by crank PC which rotates about C
with constant velocity. The slider at P slides along POA as the crank is turned. Its path is shown
by the dashed circle, centered on C and through P. Clearly when P is at P1 the slider S is at the
outer extremely of its travel. When P is at P2 the slider S is at the inner extremely of its travel.
Now as PC rotates with constant velocity the time taken to go from P1 to P2 is less than that
taken to go from P2 to P1. However during both those time intervals the slider as moving the
same distance. Therefore the speed of S is different during the different parts of cycle. During the
shorter time intervals P1 to P2 the slider as has the greater speed and during the interval P2 to P1
it has slower speed. Thus P1 to P2 is quick return and P2 to P1.
When applied to metal cutting machine the other advantage is variable power distribution during
the cycle. When S is on the return stroke the slider at P is nearer O and simple moment shows
that the torque applied is low. Hence, the return stroke uses less power as P=T.W. During the
cutting stroke the slider at P is at greater radius from O and thus more power is available to
perform useful work in the cutting metal.
Thus the overall performance is to provide high power forward cutting stroke with a low
power and higher speed quick return in preparation for the next cut.
2.2. SCOTCH YOKE MECHANISM
6. The Scotch yoke is a mechanism for converting the linear motion of a slider into rotational
motion or vice-versa. The piston or other reciprocating part is directly coupled to a sliding yoke
with a slot that engages a pin on the rotating part. The shape of the motion of the piston is a pure
sine wave over time given a constant rotational speed.
This mechanism is an inversion of the double slider crank mechanism. The inversion is
obtained by fixing either the link 1 or link 3. In Fig, link 1 is fixed. In this mechanism, when
the link 2 (which corresponds to crank) rotates about B as centre, the link 4 (which corresponds
to a frame) reciprocates. The fixed link 1 guides the frame.
Other inversions of the double slider crank mechanism include Oldham coupling and elliptical
trammel.
History
This linkage is being called by a Scotsman in 1869 a "crank and slot-headed sliding rod“
But now it is known as a Scotch yoke because, in America at least, a "Scotch" was a
slotted bar that was slipped under a collar on a string of well-drilling tools to support
them while a section was being added
In 1940 Russell Bourke applied this mechanism to the internal combustion engine called
Bourke 30 engine
7. SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION
Suppose crankshaft is rotating at an angular velocity
‘Ω’. If r is the radius of the crank then,
Tangential velocity, v= ‘rΩ’.
From the mechanism we have the following relation;
Component of tangential velocity in Y-direction is
given by;
u = Reciprocating velocity of U-Slot.
If α is the angle made by the tangential velocity with
X-Axis at any point of time,
Component of tangential velocity in Y direction is u = rΩsinα.
u = v.sinα
So, velocity of U-Slot= rΩsinα.
As a result, Velocity of U-Slot is a sine function of α.
Now as we know,α is directly proportional to time. Thisimplies velocity of U-Slot is a sine
function of time. Hence, the motion of U-Slot is a simple harmonic motion.
Advantage of SHM
The sinusoidal motion, cosinusoidal velocity, and sinusoidal acceleration (assuming constant
angular velocity) results in smoother operation of the mechanism.
8. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
The advantages compared to a standard crankshaft and connecting rod setup are:
High torque output with a small cylinder size.
Fewer moving parts.
Smoother operation.
Higher percentage of the time spent at top dead centre (dwell) improving engine
efficiency.
In an engine application, elimination of joint typically served by a wrist pin, and near
elimination of piston skirt and cylinder scuffing, as side loading of piston due to sine of
connecting rod angle is eliminated.
The disadvantages are:
Rapid wear of the slot in the yoke caused by sliding friction and high contact pressures.
Lesser percentage of the time spent at bottom dead centre reducing blow down time for
two stroke engines.
The shape of the motion of the piston is a pure sine wave over time given a constant rotational
speed.
9. CHAPTER 3
PROPOSED METHODOLOGY
3.1 PROBLEM STATEMENT
To design and development of MULTI PURPOSE MECHANICAL MACHINE, a structured
which is designed for the purpose of MULTI-OPERATIONs i.e. BLANKING, CUTTING,
SHAPING, HAMMERING & GRINDING
3.2 PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION
This machine perform multipurpose operation at same time with required speed & this machine is
automatic which is controlled or operated by motor which is run with the help of current. This
machine is based on the mechanism of whit worth return.
This model of the multi operational machine is may be used in industries and domestic operation
which can perform mechanical operation like BLANKING, CUTTING, SHAPING,
HAMMERING & GRINDING of a thin metallic as well as wooden model or body.
3.3 PROPOSED METHODOLOGY
In this project we will generally give the power supply to the shaft, At one end of the shaft is
connected to power supply , other end is being joined to a circular disc ,through this circular disc
scotch yoke mechanism is being performed horizontally (rotator y motion is converted to
reciprocating motion) for the cutting and shaping process . Same shaft’s other end is connected
with the grinding wheel in means of utilizing the rotation energy . at the same time the energy is
transferred to the another by means of belt drive. In this shaft two Whitworth’s mechanisms for
blanking and hammering function vertically.
13. 4.1 RESOURCES USED
Materials Dimensions
Mild steel plates 1. 50 mm x 5 mm
2. 50 mm x 2.5 mm
Mild Steel Rod 1. φ20 mm
2. φ25 mm
Mild steel hollow pipe φ30 mm (internal)
φ34 mm (external)
Mild steel square pipe 25 mm x 25 mm (external)
Thickness-2 mm
4.2 COMPONENTS
4.2.1 Crank and Handle
Obtained Cylindrical Rods Of Required Dimension Operations: Plain Turning
And Parting on Lathe machine
Welded Handle And Crank With Crank-shaft using electric arc welding.
14. Dimensions:As shown in the f
ollowing
figure
4.2.2 U-slot
Obtained square cross section pipe of required length by cutting the long pipe
with the power hacksaw
Used surface grinding machine to obtain smooth exterior surface on the pipe
Used power cutter to remove one face of the square pipe
Dimensions: as shown in the following figure-
15. 4.2.3 Yoke (Slider block)
Obtained a cylindrical block of required length by turning and parting on Lathe
machine.
Converted the cylindrical block into a cuboid of required dimensions on Shaping
Machine.
Hole is drilled in the middle of block to accommodate the crank using the drilling
machine.
Dimensions: As shown in the following figure
4.2.4 Foundation
Obtained metallic strips of required lengths by cutting the long bar using the
power hacksaw
Drilled holes to mount the crankshaft on the proper metallic strips using drilling
machine
Welded the metallic strips to get a rigid foundation
16. Dimensions: As shown
4.2.5 Guides
Obtained metallic strips of required lengths by cutting from long bar using the
power hacksaw
Obtained slots in the metallic strips using the power cutter
Dimensions:
17. 4.2.6 Piston and piston rod
Obtained cylindrical rods of required diameters and lengths using plain turning
and parting on the Lathe machine.
Welded piston to piston rod using electric arc welding
Welded the above piston assembly with the U-slot
4.2.7. Hollow Cylinder
Cut the pipe of required length using power hacksaw
Dimensions:
4.2.8 CAM ARRANGEMENT
A cam is a rotating or sliding piece in a mechanical linkage used especially in transforming
rotary motion into linear motion or vice-versa. It is often a part of a rotating wheel (e.g. an
eccentric wheel) or shaft (e.g. a cylinder with an irregular shape) that strikes a lever at one or
more points on its circular path. The cam can be a simple tooth, as is used to deliver pulses of
power to a steam hammer, for example, or an eccentric disc or other shape that produces a
smooth reciprocating (back and forth) motion in the follower, which is a lever making contact
with the cam. The cam can be seen as a device that rotates from circular to reciprocating (or
sometimes oscillating) motion. A common example is the camshaft of an automobile, which
18. takes the rotary motion of the engine and translates it into the reciprocating motion necessary to
operate the intake and exhaust valves of the cylinders. Cams can also be viewed as information-
storing and transmitting devices. Examples are the cam-drums that direct the notes of a musical
box or the movements of a screw machine's various tools and chucks. The information stored
and transmitted by the cam.
4.2.9 Vice
It is a device consisting of two parallel jaws for holding a work piece; one of the jaws is fixed
and the other movable by a screw, a lever, or a cam. When used for holding a work piece during
hand operations, such as filing, hammering, or sawing, the vise may be permanently bolted to a
bench. In vises designed to hold metallic work pieces, the active faces of the jaws are hardened
steel plates, often removable, with serrations that grip the work piece; to prevent damage to soft
parts, the permanent jaws can be covered with temporary jaws made from sheet copper or
leather. Pipe vises have double V-shaped jaws that grip in four places instead of only two.
Woodworking vises have smooth jaws, often of wood, and rely on friction alone rather than on
serrations.
For holding work pieces on the tables of machine tools, vises with smooth hardened-steel jaws
and flat bases are used. These machine vises are portable but may be clamped to the machine
table when in use; means may also be provided for swiveling the active part of the vise so that
the work piece can be held in a variety of positions relative to the base. For holding parts that
cannot be clamped with flat jaws, special jaws can be provided.
19. CHAPTER 5
OPERATION OF THE MACHINE
1. CUTTING
2. SHAPING
3. BLANKING
4. HAMMERING
5. GRINDING
5.1 CUTTING
A hacksaw is a fine tooth saw with a blade held under tension in a frame, used for cutting
materials such as metal or plastics, hand held hacksaws consist of a metal arch with a handle,
usually a pistol grip, with pins for attaching a narrow disposable blade. A screw or other
mechanism is used to put the thin blade under tension. The blade can be mounted with a teeth
facing toward or away from the handle, resulting in cutting action on either the push or pull
stroke. On the push stroke, the arch will flex slightly, decreasing the tension on the blade.
Cutting machine
Blades are available in standardized lengths, usually 10 or 12 inches for a standard hand
hacksaw. “junior” hacksaws are half the size. Powered hacksaw may use large blade in a range
of sizes, or small machines may use the same hand blades.
20. Specification of hacksaw
Size of hacksaw blade:-
Thickness = 1.27-2.54mm
Width = 25.40-50.80mm
Length = 304.80-609.60mm
Work piece material Cutting speed in m/s
Mild steel 0.75
Cast iron 0.50
Brass/ aluminum 1.5
Bronze 1.25
Thin section(pipes & tubes) 1.5
5.2 SHAPING
The shaping machine is used to machine flat metal surfaces especially where a large amount of
metal has to be removed. Other machines such as milling machines are much more expensive
and more suited to removing smaller amounts of metal, very accurately.
The reciprocating motion of the mechanism inside the shaping machine can be seen in the
diagram. As the disc rotates the top of the machine moves forwards and backwards, pushing a
cutting tool. The cutting tool removes the metal from work which is carefully bolted down.
21. Shaping machine
The shaping machine is a simple and yet extremely effective machine. It is used to remove
material, usually metals such as steel or aluminum, to produce a flat surface. However, it can
also be used to manufacture gears such as rack and pinion systems and other complex shapes.
Inside its shell/casing is a crank and slider mechanism that pushes the cutting tool forward and
returns it to its original position. This motion is continuous.
5.3 BLANKING
Blanking and piercing are shearing processes in which a punch and die are used to
modify webs. The tooling and processes are the same between the two, only the terminology is
different: in blanking the punched out piece is used and called a blank; in piercing the punched
out piece is scrap. The process for parts manufactured simultaneously with both techniques is
often termed "pierce and blank." An alternative name of piercing is punching.
22. Blanking Machine
Fine blanking is a specialized form of blanking where there is no fracture zone when
shearing. This is achieved by compressing the whole part and then an upper and lower punch
extract the blank. This allows the process to hold very tight tolerances, and perhaps eliminate
secondary operations.
Materials that can be fine blanked include aluminium, brass, copper, and carbon, alloy,
and stainless steels.
5.4 HAMMERING
A hammer is a tool or device that delivers a blow (a sudden impact) to an object. Most
hammers are hand tools used to drive nails, fit parts, forge metal, and break apart objects.
Hammers vary in shape, size, and structure, depending on their purposes.
23. Hammering Machine
Hammers are basic tools in many trades. The usual features are a head (most often made
of steel) and a handle (also called a helveor haft). Most hammers are hand tools, but there are
also many powered versions, called power hammer (such as steam hammersand trip hammers)
for heavier uses, such as forging.
5.5 GRINDING
A grinding machine, often shortened to grinder, is any of various power tools or machine
tools used for grinding, which is a type of machining using an abrasive wheel as the cutting tool.
Each grain of abrasive on the wheel's surface cuts a small chip from the wor kpiece via shear
deformation.
Grinding is used to finish work pieces that must show high surface quality (e.g., low surface
roughness) and high accuracy of shape and dimension. As the accuracy in dimensions in
grinding is on the order of 0.000025 mm, in most applications it tends to be a finishing operation
and removes comparatively little metal, about 0.25 to 0.50 mm depth. However, there are some
roughing applications in which grinding removes high volumes of metal quite rapidly. Thus,
grinding is a diverse field.
25. CHAPTER 6
6.1 MERITS
Easy to operate.
Reduces time and increases production rate.
Low maintenance.
Easy to implement
Multi machine are performed at one time.
Our machine is used Return stroke (whit worth) mechanism.
The return stroke of shaper machine is utilized as cutting operation.
All operation is performed by only one motor.
Size is compact therefore it requires less space.
Time saving.
Less man power is required.
Low manufacturing & maintenance cost.
6.2 APPLICATIONS
Used in small scale industries to reduce machine cost.
In such places where frequent change in operation are required.
26. CHAPTER 7
FUTURE IMPLIMENTATION
We can perform various operations like BLANKING, CUTTING, SHAPING,
HAMMERING & GRINDING individually by introducing coupling (engagement &
disengagement) between them.
We can perform grinding operation by introducing a drilling tool at the main shaft by
bevel gear arrangement.
We can perform boring operation by introducing a boring tool.
We can change the speed of motor by regulator.
27. CHAPTER 8
CONCLUSION
After completing the major project on “MULTI PURPOSE MECHANICAL MACHINE” we are
much happy and would like to thank our teacher guides and the lectures of the concerned
department who have guided us.
While making this project we have been also to learn a lot and understand the various aspects of
“MULTI PURPOSE MECHANICAL MACHINE” we can use our knowledge, which we get
during our study.