Quality and quality education

WEBINAR SERIES 6
ON
Educational Management, Administration, and
Leadership

Patron
Professor. K. Pichumani
Vice Chancellor
Manonmaniam Sundarnar
University
Tirunelveli - 627 012
Manonmanian Sundaranar University
Department of Education

Organizing Secretary
Professor. B. William Dharma Raja
Head, Department of Education
Manonmaniam Sundaranar
University
Tirunelveli – 627 012

Committee Members
DR. A. Veliappan
Mr. Lenin
Dr. R.Sundaravalli
Committee co- members
Ms. Rawoofu Nisha
Program Host
Mr. Gnanamuthujebaraj

Quality and
Quality
Education
A PowerPoint Template

Evolution of Quality
From Inspection to Total Quality
Technical problems
Inspectors lacked training
Skilled workers promoted – less skilled workers
– operational jobs
1920s- statistical theory – 1924 Shewart Modern
Control Chart – developed by Deming
Japanese noted the problem – Quality Gurus – Juran,
Deming, and Feigenbaum

Evolution of Quality
1950-1960s Quality control – Japanese National preoccupation
1950 – 1960s – Japan’ imports increase – low cost but best quality
1969 – International conference on QC
Emergence of TQM
International Standard Organization (ISO) 9000 – Internationally
recognized standard for quality management.
 Europe and UK – follow European Foundation For Quality
Management(EFQM)

Quality Assurance
•Systematic monitoring
•Process oriented
•Check – the product meet the required
standards
•Management of manufacturing
process

Dimensions of Quality Assurance
REPONSE (fast response)
ASSURANCE (trust and confidence)
TANGIBLES (physical appeal)
RELIABLE (customer rely on the product)
EMPATHY (feel)

Quality Control
Encompasses Techniques and
activities – to monitor and
improve
End result - perfect
Makes Recommendations for
improvements
Eliminates unsatisfactory
performance
Products meet quality requirements.
Verifies the manufacturing process
Quality
Control

Benefits of Quality Control
Increases Accuracy
Provides Consistency
Service Field
Allows Defect Prevention

Quality Assurance Benefits
Improves customers confidence
Consistent quality deliverance
Improves maturity of organization
Tailoring the process
Development team
Controls cost of quality
Certifications
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University

Quality Control ,Quality Assurance

ma
Quality control – making quality what it
should be.
Quality Assurance – making sure the
quality what it should be.
Q
C
O
N
T
R
O
L
Q
A
S
S
U
R
A
N
C
E

1930s - Walter Shewart – statistical analysis
1950s – W. Edwards Deming taught –
Japanese engineers
Joseph Muran – concept of controlling
quality and management
Armand V. Feigenbaum’s book Total
Quality Control
Philip B. Crosby – promote zero defect
1968 – Japanese named Total Quality Control
TQM – broad and systematic approach to
managerial organization

What and Why?
TQM – systematic approach-manage organizational
quality
All members participate
Why TQM necessary in Teacher Education?
1. Improve strategies
2. Adopt continuous quality enhancement techniques
3. Improve work environment
4. Aware of qualitative suggestions of staff members
5. Enhance interaction between institution -management

Principles of TQM
Responsibility of top management
Distribution of Resources
Feedback of the stakeholders
Research, Extension, and Further education
Work environment and culture

Dr. Joseph M. Juran
Legend in discipline of quality
Strongly influenced Japanese
manufacturing practices
coined – “fitness for the use
of purpose”
Meet the specification but not it’
purpose
According to Juran “quality
does not happen by
accident”

Phil Crosby
A legend in quality
Widely recognized – concept of “ zero defect”
Defined – Q - as conformance to requirements
Quality is measureable
Books – Quality is Free,
The Absolute of Leadership
Quality and Me( autobiography)

TQM in School
Students –the workers and products
Success and failure depends on the quality of their
work
Teachers – first level managers
Administrators – middle and upper level
management
Board members / directors overseers of the
administration
Management – no longer sufficient to deal with the
problems schools face

TQM in school
Continuous improvement – only standard goal
Philosophy- experience teach little about theory
Need profound knowledge based on acquisition and
application of knowledge
To promote total quality- needs profound
knowledge

Profound knowledge
1. Interdependence
2. Leaders- no individual difference
3. Understand the past and
Predict the future
4. Understand people &
their differences
5. Apply systematic thinking

Source of Quality in Education
Outstanding teachers
High moral values
Excellent examination results
Support of parents and local community
Plentiful resources
Latest technology
Strong leadership
Concern for students
Well- balanced curriculum

William Edward Deming
Deming – statistician &
business consultant taught
Quality more than 50 years
Books: Out of the Crisis(1996), The New Economics(1993)
Statistical Adjustment of Data(1943).
High quality – high productivity
Quality – lead – lower cost, high
Productivity- fewer mistakes, fewer delays

Profound
Knowledge
7 deadly
diseases
14 Points

System of Profound Knowledge
Four interrelated parts
1. Theory of Optimization : total system not
individual system – long term objective
2. Theory of variation: improve variability in
design – leads to poor quality
3. Theory of Knowledge: cause – effect relationship
4. Theory of Psychology: intrinsic and extrinsic
factors – motivate employees

Seven Deadly Diseases
Lack of constancy
Emphasis on short-term profit
Performance appraisals
Mobility of management
Management of visible figures
Excessive medical costs
Excessive liability cost Manonmaniam Sundaranar University

Deming’s 14 Points
1. Create constancy 8. Drive out fear instill trust
2. Adopt new philosophy 9. Break down barriers between staff
areas
3. Inspection 10. Eliminate slogans - at work
force
4. Single – sourcing (not based on price
but on loyalty and trust)
11. Eliminate numerical goals, work
standards & quotas
5. Continuous improvement (quality &
production)
12. Eliminate barriers that rob people
of pride of workmanship
6. Training on Job 13.Self- improvement programs
7. Supervisors to be trained (teach to
improve all job function)
14. Top management learn to
accomplish the transformation

Deming Cycle
Invented by Shewart – popularized by Deming
Continuous quality improvement model
Cyclic process
Planning and testing improvement
Prior to full scale improvement
Continuous evaluation & improvement

Deming cycle
1. Plan a change
2. Do it – carry out change
3. Check it – study results
4. Act on what was learnt
5. Repeat

Six Sigma
Statistical - based, data – driven approach
Methodology for continuous improvement
To eliminate defects
Originated in 1980s – response to Japanese counterpart
Introduced by Bill Smith
Raises customer satisfaction- reducing the number of defects
Focuses on 99.999966% free of defects

Six Sigma
Greek letter measures deviation
Enables organization
measure the defects
Methods to eliminate
them
Close to ‘zero defects’

Six Sigma
Aims:-
1. Improve process
2. Increase customer satisfaction
3. Reduce variation
4. Leads to consistent and desired
outcomes

Concept in Education
Factors – led to six sigma in Education
1. Students demand
2. Increase in Tuition fee
3. Registration &admission form – time consuming
4. Performance of students –low
5. Value of education - decreased

in Education
•A
In academics the needs and demands of students kept in mind
To increase customer satisfaction, increase efficiency, to lower
costs & to improve profitability
In education teachers are employees
Customers- parents
Parents want quality & good results
Through teaching techniques & methodology
Teacher helps – increase performance

Benefits of in Education
Reduces the cycle time of the process
Fee decreases
Better ambience
Reputation of the institute
improves
Customer satisfaction
More admission

Application of
DMAIC
1.Define
2. Measure
3. Analyze
4. Improve
5. Control

DMAIC Model
Define :
1. Focus is on problem
2. VOC- Voice of customer
3. VOB – Voice of Business
4. VOP – Voice of Process
5. VOE – Voice of Employees
6. Prepare project
7. Process map (project charter)
8. Blueprint
9. Signed by management Manonmaniam Sundaranar University

DMAIC Model
Measure :
Collect data
Carry out measurements - different techniques
Analyse :
Find root cause
Business inefficiency
Gap between actual-goal performance
Root cause from the potential cause

DMAIC Model
Improve :
Potential solution
Ways to implement them
Tools : Brain storming, Poka yoke
Control :
Generate detailed solution
Post implementation results evaluated
Transition phase

Example
Sigma represents the population standard
deviation, which is a measure of the variation
in a data set collected about the process.
For example, if a product must have thickness
between 10.32 and 10.38 inches to meet
customer requirements: then the process mean
should be around 10.35, with a standard
deviation less than 0.005 (6 SD away from
10.35) assuming a normal distribution.

Walter Andrew Shewheart
American physicist, Engineer,
Statistician
Father of Statistical Quality
Member of Harvard Department
of Social Science
Advisor of Princeton Mathematics
Department

Edward Deming Publicized Shewhart PDCA
Cycle.
Works
1. Economic Control of Quality of
Manufactured Product (1931)
2. Statistical Method from the Viewpoint
of Quality Control (1939)

Reducing Variation : Statistical Process Control
To improve quality
Two categories – variation : ‘assignable-
cause” &“ chance-cause”
OR
“special-cause” & “common-cause”
Control chart: a tool to distinguish
between the two
Control of common cause needed – reduce
waste –improve quality

Visited India in 1947-48 - The Indian Statistical
Institute
Held conferences and stimulated interest
among Indian

Coimbatore Krishnarao Prahalad
Professor C. K. Prahalad (CKP) a great management
teacher, thinker, advisor and consultant .
Started career faculty of Indian Institute of Management
Ahmadabad
Designed Management Education Program (MEP) an
executive course at IIMA

C. K. Prahalad
Major contribution
• Introduce the concept of core competence
• Broke the monotinity
• Achieve extraordinary performance with existing
resources

Thank You

Quality and quality education

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