Pulse oximeter
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A pulse oximeter is a small, clip-like device that measures oxygen saturation (SO2) and pulse rate by shining red and infrared lights through body tissues. It works by detecting how much hemoglobin is oxygenated versus deoxygenated through differences in light absorption. A normal SO2 is 95-99%; below 90% is an emergency. Pulse oximetry has evolved since the 1930s and is now widely used in hospitals and homes to monitor patients. Nail polish can interfere with accurate SO2 readings from a pulse oximeter. Future versions may be more accurate, wearable, disposable and wireless.
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Pulse Oxymetry
Pulse oximetry is a noninvasive method to measure the oxygen saturation of hemoglobin in arterial blood and assess the oxygen delivery to tissues. A pulse oximeter indirectly monitors blood oxygen levels through the skin using light absorption properties of oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin to calculate oxygen saturation. It is useful for continuously monitoring patients at risk for hypoxemia in settings like the ICU, operating room, and emergency department. While generally accurate, readings can be affected by factors like poor perfusion, dyshemoglobins, or excessive motion.
Respiratory monitoring
This document provides an overview of various methods for respiratory monitoring. It discusses physical examination, pulse oximetry, mixed venous oxygen saturation, tissue oxygenation, capnography and blood gas analysis, respiratory mechanics, respiratory rate monitoring, and imaging techniques. Pulse oximetry measures arterial oxygen saturation noninvasively using light absorption. Mixed venous oxygen saturation reflects whole body oxygen uptake. Tissue oxygenation can be assessed using near-infrared or visible light spectroscopy. Capnography monitors exhaled carbon dioxide to evaluate ventilation and cardiac output.
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This document provides an overview of mechanical ventilation including its history, types of ventilators, modes of ventilation, indications, complications, ventilator settings for specific diseases, weaning methods, and newer methods. It discusses positive pressure ventilation and various modes like CMV, A/C, IMV, SIMV, and PSV. Complications of mechanical ventilation include barotrauma, volutrauma, VAP, and oxygen toxicity. Optimizing ventilator settings can reduce organ failure and duration of ventilation. Non-invasive ventilation has increased and facilitates weaning. Newer modes continue to be developed to improve ventilation support.
Ventilatory support
The document discusses various topics related to mechanical ventilation including:
1. Ventilation strategies for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) including low tidal volumes, optimal positive end-expiratory pressure, and prone positioning.
2. Ventilation modes and settings should be tailored to the individual patient's condition and aim to prevent ventilator-induced lung injury.
3. Non-invasive ventilation can be considered for certain patients with COPD or asthma to avoid intubation if criteria are met.
Pulse oximeter
This document provides an overview of pulse oximetry. It begins with introductions and operating principles, explaining that pulse oximetry uses red and infrared light to measure oxygen saturation levels in the blood. It describes transmission and reflectance pulse oximetry techniques. The document outlines standards for oximeter equipment and discusses applications like monitoring oxygenation during anesthesia and advantages like accuracy and non-invasiveness. It also notes limitations such as inaccuracy in low perfusion and complications like failing to detect hypoventilation.
ambu bag.pptx
An Ambu bag, also known as a bag valve mask (BVM), is a handheld device used to provide positive pressure ventilation to patients unable to breathe effectively on their own. It consists of a self-inflating bag, one-way valve, mask, and optional oxygen reservoir. The Ambu bag is used to manually ventilate a patient's lungs until they can breathe spontaneously or more advanced ventilation support is available. Complications can include aspiration, hypoventilation, hyperventilation, and pneumothorax if not used properly.
Pulse oxymetry
Pulse oximetry is a non-invasive method to measure blood oxygen saturation levels and heart rate. A pulse oximeter uses light absorption characteristics of oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin to measure oxygen saturation and pulse rate. Readings between 95-100% are considered normal. While convenient, pulse oximetry has limitations and may provide inaccurate results in conditions like poor perfusion, dyshemoglobinemia, or arrhythmias. Nursing responsibilities include applying the sensor properly, documenting readings, and troubleshooting inaccurate results.
Pulse oximetry
Pulse oximetry measures oxygen saturation in the blood by detecting light absorption of oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin. It was originally developed in the 1930s-1940s and further advanced in the 1970s. Pulse oximetry is now considered the fifth vital sign. It provides a noninvasive method to monitor oxygen saturation, with readings of 92% or above having high sensitivity and specificity for excluding hypoxemia. However, pulse oximetry has some limitations, including reduced accuracy at very low saturations, and inability to detect carboxyhemoglobin or methemoglobin. It also provides no information on pH, PCO2, or hemoglobin levels.
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Pulse Oxymetry
Pulse oximetry is a noninvasive method to measure the oxygen saturation of hemoglobin in arterial blood and assess the oxygen delivery to tissues. A pulse oximeter indirectly monitors blood oxygen levels through the skin using light absorption properties of oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin to calculate oxygen saturation. It is useful for continuously monitoring patients at risk for hypoxemia in settings like the ICU, operating room, and emergency department. While generally accurate, readings can be affected by factors like poor perfusion, dyshemoglobins, or excessive motion.
Respiratory monitoring
This document provides an overview of various methods for respiratory monitoring. It discusses physical examination, pulse oximetry, mixed venous oxygen saturation, tissue oxygenation, capnography and blood gas analysis, respiratory mechanics, respiratory rate monitoring, and imaging techniques. Pulse oximetry measures arterial oxygen saturation noninvasively using light absorption. Mixed venous oxygen saturation reflects whole body oxygen uptake. Tissue oxygenation can be assessed using near-infrared or visible light spectroscopy. Capnography monitors exhaled carbon dioxide to evaluate ventilation and cardiac output.
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This document provides an overview of mechanical ventilation including its history, types of ventilators, modes of ventilation, indications, complications, ventilator settings for specific diseases, weaning methods, and newer methods. It discusses positive pressure ventilation and various modes like CMV, A/C, IMV, SIMV, and PSV. Complications of mechanical ventilation include barotrauma, volutrauma, VAP, and oxygen toxicity. Optimizing ventilator settings can reduce organ failure and duration of ventilation. Non-invasive ventilation has increased and facilitates weaning. Newer modes continue to be developed to improve ventilation support.
Ventilatory support
The document discusses various topics related to mechanical ventilation including:
1. Ventilation strategies for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) including low tidal volumes, optimal positive end-expiratory pressure, and prone positioning.
2. Ventilation modes and settings should be tailored to the individual patient's condition and aim to prevent ventilator-induced lung injury.
3. Non-invasive ventilation can be considered for certain patients with COPD or asthma to avoid intubation if criteria are met.
Pulse oximeter
This document provides an overview of pulse oximetry. It begins with introductions and operating principles, explaining that pulse oximetry uses red and infrared light to measure oxygen saturation levels in the blood. It describes transmission and reflectance pulse oximetry techniques. The document outlines standards for oximeter equipment and discusses applications like monitoring oxygenation during anesthesia and advantages like accuracy and non-invasiveness. It also notes limitations such as inaccuracy in low perfusion and complications like failing to detect hypoventilation.
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An Ambu bag, also known as a bag valve mask (BVM), is a handheld device used to provide positive pressure ventilation to patients unable to breathe effectively on their own. It consists of a self-inflating bag, one-way valve, mask, and optional oxygen reservoir. The Ambu bag is used to manually ventilate a patient's lungs until they can breathe spontaneously or more advanced ventilation support is available. Complications can include aspiration, hypoventilation, hyperventilation, and pneumothorax if not used properly.
Pulse oxymetry
Pulse oximetry is a non-invasive method to measure blood oxygen saturation levels and heart rate. A pulse oximeter uses light absorption characteristics of oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin to measure oxygen saturation and pulse rate. Readings between 95-100% are considered normal. While convenient, pulse oximetry has limitations and may provide inaccurate results in conditions like poor perfusion, dyshemoglobinemia, or arrhythmias. Nursing responsibilities include applying the sensor properly, documenting readings, and troubleshooting inaccurate results.
Pulse oximetry
Pulse oximetry measures oxygen saturation in the blood by detecting light absorption of oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin. It was originally developed in the 1930s-1940s and further advanced in the 1970s. Pulse oximetry is now considered the fifth vital sign. It provides a noninvasive method to monitor oxygen saturation, with readings of 92% or above having high sensitivity and specificity for excluding hypoxemia. However, pulse oximetry has some limitations, including reduced accuracy at very low saturations, and inability to detect carboxyhemoglobin or methemoglobin. It also provides no information on pH, PCO2, or hemoglobin levels.
CAPNOGRAPHY
This document discusses capnography, which is the monitoring of carbon dioxide levels in exhaled breath. It can be used to assess ventilation, circulation, and metabolism during anesthesia and intensive care. The document defines capnography and describes the capnogram waveform and how it reflects respiratory parameters. Abnormal waveforms can indicate various lung diseases. Capnography is useful for confirming endotracheal tube placement and detecting malpositions. It provides advantages over pulse oximetry during procedures done under sedation. The principles of mainstream and sidestream capnography devices are outlined, as well as clinical applications in emergency medical services and indications for diagnostic usage.
PULSE OXIMETRY
Pulse oximetry is a noninvasive test that uses light to measure the oxygen saturation level in a person's blood. A clip-like probe is placed on the finger or earlobe and uses red and infrared light wavelengths absorbed differently by oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin to calculate the oxygen saturation percentage. This information helps healthcare providers determine if a patient needs supplemental oxygen or how well treatment is working. However, pulse oximetry has limitations as it does not measure other blood gas levels, ventilation, or oxygen metabolism and can be affected by factors like carbon monoxide, anemia, blood flow, and skin pigmentation.
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Pulse oximetry is a noninvasive method to measure oxygen saturation levels using light absorption. It works by shining light through tissue at red and infrared wavelengths. Oxyhemoglobin absorbs more infrared light while deoxyhemoglobin absorbs more red light. This principle allows pulse oximeters to calculate oxygen saturation. Pulse oximetry is widely used to monitor oxygenation during anesthesia, critical care, and emergencies. It provides early warning of hypoxemia before other signs. However, normal readings must be interpreted in context of a patient's complete blood count and hemoglobin levels.
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The document provides an introduction to patient monitoring in anesthesia. It discusses the importance of monitoring to detect potential issues and outlines the key physiological parameters that should be monitored, including circulation, ventilation, oxygenation, and temperature. It also describes the various equipment and methods used for monitoring these parameters in both the past and present.
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This document discusses monitoring in anesthesia. It begins by outlining the importance of monitoring anesthetized patients to evaluate their oxygenation, ventilation, circulation and temperature continuously. It then discusses the basic monitoring parameters including ECG, blood pressure, end-tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO2) and pulse oximetry. The document focuses on the principles and uses of pulse oximetry and capnography, which are important non-invasive tools for monitoring oxygenation and ventilation during anesthesia.
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This document discusses pulse oximetry, which measures the oxygen level in blood. It describes what pulse oximetry is, the parts involved, its uses in monitoring oxygen during procedures and illnesses, and risks like incorrect readings. Instructions are provided on how to take a reading using a probe on the finger, earlobe, or toe. Advantages and disadvantages of pulse oximetry are also mentioned.
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Pulse oximetry ppt
Pulse oximetry is a non-invasive method to measure oxygen saturation in the blood. It uses light transmitted through tissue to determine the ratio of oxygenated to deoxygenated hemoglobin. A pulse oximeter reading below 90% may indicate hypoxemia. While generally accurate, readings can be affected by factors like low perfusion, dyshemoglobinemias, or artificial nail finishes. Immediate actions for extremely low saturations include checking ABCs. A reading that improves with supplemental oxygen but remains low implies severe hypoxemia. Readings are lost after cardiac arrest and saturations decrease after respiratory arrest until cardiac arrest occurs.
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This document provides information on pulse oximetry and capnography. It discusses the history and development of pulse oximetry, how it works using spectrophotometry and plethysmography, different probe sites, standards, uses, limitations and new developments. It also briefly introduces capnography and defines key terms like capnometry, capnometer and capnograph.
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CAPNOGRAPHY
This document discusses capnography, which is the monitoring of carbon dioxide levels in exhaled breath. It can be used to assess ventilation, circulation, and metabolism during anesthesia and intensive care. The document defines capnography and describes the capnogram waveform and how it reflects respiratory parameters. Abnormal waveforms can indicate various lung diseases. Capnography is useful for confirming endotracheal tube placement and detecting malpositions. It provides advantages over pulse oximetry during procedures done under sedation. The principles of mainstream and sidestream capnography devices are outlined, as well as clinical applications in emergency medical services and indications for diagnostic usage.
PULSE OXIMETRY
Pulse oximetry is a noninvasive test that uses light to measure the oxygen saturation level in a person's blood. A clip-like probe is placed on the finger or earlobe and uses red and infrared light wavelengths absorbed differently by oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin to calculate the oxygen saturation percentage. This information helps healthcare providers determine if a patient needs supplemental oxygen or how well treatment is working. However, pulse oximetry has limitations as it does not measure other blood gas levels, ventilation, or oxygen metabolism and can be affected by factors like carbon monoxide, anemia, blood flow, and skin pigmentation.
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The document outlines an educational program on cardiac arrest for 4th year nursing students. The objectives are to review cardiac arrest, basic life support, advanced life support, and demonstrate skills like basic life support, airway insertion, and defibrillation. The program agenda includes topics on cardiac arrest, basic and advanced life support, defibrillation, drugs used in advanced life support, and demonstrations of skills. It provides details on cardiac arrest, basic life support procedures like chest compressions and rescue breathing, and advanced life support including defibrillation and drugs.
Pulseoximetry
Pulse oximetry is a noninvasive method to measure oxygen saturation levels using light absorption. It works by shining light through tissue at red and infrared wavelengths. Oxyhemoglobin absorbs more infrared light while deoxyhemoglobin absorbs more red light. This principle allows pulse oximeters to calculate oxygen saturation. Pulse oximetry is widely used to monitor oxygenation during anesthesia, critical care, and emergencies. It provides early warning of hypoxemia before other signs. However, normal readings must be interpreted in context of a patient's complete blood count and hemoglobin levels.
Patient Monitoring
The document provides an introduction to patient monitoring in anesthesia. It discusses the importance of monitoring to detect potential issues and outlines the key physiological parameters that should be monitored, including circulation, ventilation, oxygenation, and temperature. It also describes the various equipment and methods used for monitoring these parameters in both the past and present.
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This document discusses monitoring in anesthesia. It begins by outlining the importance of monitoring anesthetized patients to evaluate their oxygenation, ventilation, circulation and temperature continuously. It then discusses the basic monitoring parameters including ECG, blood pressure, end-tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO2) and pulse oximetry. The document focuses on the principles and uses of pulse oximetry and capnography, which are important non-invasive tools for monitoring oxygenation and ventilation during anesthesia.
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This document discusses pulse oximetry, which measures the oxygen level in blood. It describes what pulse oximetry is, the parts involved, its uses in monitoring oxygen during procedures and illnesses, and risks like incorrect readings. Instructions are provided on how to take a reading using a probe on the finger, earlobe, or toe. Advantages and disadvantages of pulse oximetry are also mentioned.
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This document summarizes principles and techniques of intracranial pressure (ICP) measurement and waveform interpretation. It discusses the history of ICP monitoring, indications for monitoring, invasive and non-invasive monitoring techniques, optimal sensor locations, ICP waveform analysis in both time and frequency domains, and guidelines for ICP monitoring in traumatic brain injury. The key points covered include different invasive sensor types, complications of external ventricular drainage, interpreting mean ICP and waveform trends, and using indices like pressure reactivity and variability for management.
ABG
This document defines and discusses arterial blood gas analysis. It is a blood test taken from an artery that measures oxygen and carbon dioxide levels in the blood. It is used to evaluate respiratory status, metabolic status, and acid-base balance. Common sites for extraction are the radial, brachial, and femoral arteries. The procedure involves performing Allen's test before extraction to ensure adequate blood flow after puncture. Components measured include pH, oxygen saturation, bicarbonate, and base excess. Normal values for several components are provided. Sources of error in results can include air bubbles in the syringe or an inadvertent venous sample.
Oxygen therapy by Dr.Vinod Ravaliya
Oxygen therapy involves administering oxygen at concentrations greater than room air to treat hypoxemia. The purpose is to increase oxygen saturation in tissues where it is too low due to illness or injury. Oxygen can be delivered via various low or high flow devices like nasal cannulas, masks, tents or venturi masks to maintain adequate oxygen saturation. Close monitoring of oxygen saturation levels via pulse oximetry or arterial blood gases is needed to properly titrate oxygen therapy.
Defibrillater
A defibrillator is a device that delivers an electric shock to the heart to stop ventricular fibrillation or atrial fibrillation, which are abnormal heart rhythms. Ventricular fibrillation occurs when the heart's lower chambers quiver instead of pumping blood, which can be fatal if not treated within minutes by delivering a shock via a defibrillator to reset the heart's rhythm. Defibrillators can be external or internal, and use electric shocks of varying voltages and durations depending on the type and location of use to convert the heart rhythm back to normal.
Anaesthesia workstation
An anesthesia workstation integrates components for anesthesia administration into one unit. It consists of an anesthesia machine, vaporizers, ventilator, breathing system, scavenging system, and monitors. Key components include the gas supply system, which receives gases from cylinders and pipelines and regulates pressures, and the vaporizer manifold and anesthetic vaporizers. Modern workstations have additional safety features to prevent delivery of hypoxic gas mixtures and other hazards.
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Intubation is a common medical procedure where a flexible plastic tube is inserted into the throat to aid breathing during anesthesia or an airway emergency. It can be performed through the nose or mouth and is used to open the airway, remove blockages, or help breathing. While most people recover quickly with no effects, risks include sore throat, damage to tissues, infection, or rare cases of PTSD. People should discuss risks with their doctor before any planned intubation.
Non invasive blood pressure monitoring
This document discusses non-invasive blood pressure monitoring. It provides a brief history of blood pressure measurement and describes common techniques like auscultation of Korotkoff sounds. Key factors for accurate measurement are described, including patient position, cuff size selection, and taking multiple readings. Alternative non-invasive methods like Doppler, oscillometry, and tonometry are also summarized. Categories of blood pressure in adults are also presented.
Defibrillation & cardioversion by DJ
Dr. Dharmendra Joshi provides an overview of defibrillation and cardioversion. Some key points include:
- Defibrillation involves delivering unsynchronized energy during any cardiac cycle phase to terminate arrhythmias like ventricular fibrillation. Cardioversion delivers synchronized energy to large QRS complexes.
- Biphasic waveforms are now preferred over monophasic as they provide effective defibrillation at lower energies, reducing risk of injury.
- Safety is paramount, with operators announcing charges and discharges to avoid contact with patient or equipment. Complications can include arrhythmias, burns, embolism and myocardial necrosis. Troubleshooting focuses on proper equipment connection and settings.
Oxygen Therapy
Oxygen therapy involves administering oxygen at concentrations greater than 21% to treat or prevent hypoxia. The two main types are orthobaric oxygen therapy, which delivers increased oxygen at ambient pressure, and hyperbaric oxygen therapy, which delivers high oxygen concentrations at increased atmospheric pressure. Orthobaric devices include nasal cannulas, face masks, and venturi masks which can provide fractional inspired oxygen concentrations from 24% to 60% depending on the device and oxygen flow rate. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy is used to treat certain infections, acute injuries, and non-healing wounds by exposing the patient to 100% oxygen at pressures usually between 2 and 3 atmospheres absolute. Potential side effects of oxygen therapy include respiratory issues, central
Extubation presentation
This document discusses the criteria and process for extubating a patient from mechanical ventilation. It begins by defining extubation as the removal of the endotracheal tube, which should only be done once a patient no longer requires ventilation and can protect their airway. Specific criteria are provided for assessing a patient's readiness, including hemodynamic stability, adequate oxygenation, normal blood gases, resolution of underlying conditions, and intact neurological function. Potential complications are also reviewed. The process of extubation involves preparing equipment, explaining to the patient, continuously monitoring their condition, and carefully removing the tube while suctioning and assessing airway patency.
Bag and mask Ventilation
Bag and mask ventilation is a basic airway management technique used to oxygenate and ventilate patients until a more definitive airway can be established. It involves manually squeezing an ambu bag attached to a face mask to deliver breaths. Key aspects of bag and mask ventilation include maintaining a proper seal and head position, delivering appropriate volume and rate of breaths, and assessing ventilation effectiveness through chest rise and oxygen saturation. While bag and mask is preferred for prehospital airway support in pediatrics, it has limitations and risks if ventilation is inadequate or contraindications like upper airway obstruction are present.
Pulse oximetry ppt
Pulse oximetry is a non-invasive method to measure oxygen saturation in the blood. It uses light transmitted through tissue to determine the ratio of oxygenated to deoxygenated hemoglobin. A pulse oximeter reading below 90% may indicate hypoxemia. While generally accurate, readings can be affected by factors like low perfusion, dyshemoglobinemias, or artificial nail finishes. Immediate actions for extremely low saturations include checking ABCs. A reading that improves with supplemental oxygen but remains low implies severe hypoxemia. Readings are lost after cardiac arrest and saturations decrease after respiratory arrest until cardiac arrest occurs.
Defibrillators
Defibrillators are devices that deliver an electrical shock to the heart to terminate life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias like ventricular fibrillation. They were first demonstrated on dogs in 1899 and first used on a human in 1947. There are several types including manual external defibrillators, automated external defibrillators (AEDs) found in public places, implantable cardioverter-defibrillators, and wearable defibrillators. AEDs can analyze the heart rhythm and instruct the user, who needs no training, on whether a shock is needed. Defibrillation aims to stop all cardiac electrical activity so the heart's natural pacemaker can resume normal rhythm, while cardioversion delivers synchronized shocks
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Pulse Oximetry
A pulse oximeter is a non-invasive device used to measure oxygen saturation and heart rate. It works by shining two wavelengths of light through tissues like a finger or earlobe to determine the ratio of oxygenated to deoxygenated hemoglobin in the blood. Normal oxygen saturation is between 95-99% but can be lower in conditions like COPD or circulatory issues. If saturation is low, actions like increasing oxygen delivery or checking ABCs (airway, breathing, circulation) may be needed. The device provides useful information but can be affected by factors like low blood flow, so clinical judgement is also important.
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Pulse oximetry was developed in 1972 in Japan using light absorption measurements to noninvasively measure oxygen saturation levels. It was first tested on patients in 1975 and found to safely and accurately measure oxygen levels, saving thousands of lives each year. Over time, pulse oximeters have become more affordable and available for home use to monitor respiratory conditions.
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Pulse oximetry was developed in 1972 in Japan using light absorption measurements to noninvasively measure oxygen saturation levels. It was first tested on patients in 1975 and found to save thousands of lives each year by measuring oxygen levels without drawing blood. Over time, pulse oximeters have become more affordable and available for home use to monitor respiratory conditions.
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Sliverline Meditech, is a leading Suppliers & Exporters of Pulse Oximeter In India & Other Home Health Care Products. A pulse oximeter is the most important monitoring tool in modern anaesthesia practice. Feel free to call us at +91-79-2689 0389.
Ppt0000002
Pulse oximetry is a noninvasive method to rapidly measure arterial oxygen saturation using light absorption. It uses red and infrared light passed through tissue to determine oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin levels. Readings are affected by various patient factors like low perfusion, skin pigmentation, abnormal hemoglobins, and motion artifact. While pulse oximetry provides continuous monitoring of oxygen saturation, its readings must be interpreted carefully due to potential sources of error.
hospital instruments and health accessories
Hospital instruments are classified into three main categories: diagnostic, therapeutic, and operative. Diagnostic instruments include optical instruments like laryngoscopes and bronchoscopes used to examine areas like the larynx and trachea. CT scans provide tissue density information using x-rays. Biopsies involve examining living tissue samples. Therapeutic instruments include equipment for sterilization, surgical sutures, gloves, and devices for drainage and splints. Operative instruments are used in surgery and include scalpels, scissors, forceps, and needle holders. Health accessories in hospitals include hospital beds, wheelchairs, walkers, canes, patient lifts, urology supplies, ostomy appliances, and braces.
Hemodynamic monitoring non invasive
This document discusses non-invasive hemodynamic monitoring. It defines hemodynamics as blood movement through the heart and explains that hemodynamic monitoring provides quantitative information about vascular capacity, blood volume, pump effectiveness, and tissue perfusion. It then describes several non-invasive monitoring methods including temperature, pulse, respiration rate, blood pressure, capillary refill time, and electrocardiography.
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4.Oxygen therapy.pptx
Oxygen therapy involves the administration of oxygen to maintain adequate tissue oxygenation levels and minimize workload on the cardiopulmonary system. Oxygen is indicated when a patient has documented hypoxemia with oxygen saturation below 90% or a partial pressure of oxygen below 60 mmHg. Various oxygen delivery systems can be used including nasal cannulas, face masks, Venturi masks, and non-rebreather masks to provide different concentrations of oxygen from 24-100% at flow rates of 2-10 LPM. Potential complications of oxygen therapy include oxygen toxicity, depression of ventilation, retinopathy of prematurity, absorption atelectasis, and fire hazards.
New Microsoft PowerPoint Presentation.pptx
Pulse oximeters are non-invasive medical sensors that measure oxygen saturation in the blood by passing red and infrared light through body tissues such as the finger or earlobe. It works by detecting the differing absorbances of oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin to these light wavelengths. There are two main methods - transmission places the light source and detector on opposite sides of the finger, while reflectance uses the same side. By comparing the amounts of red and infrared light absorbed, the pulse oximeter can calculate the oxygen saturation percentage displayed.
Basics of Ultrasound
Ultrasound uses high-frequency sound waves to produce images of the inside of the body in real-time without using radiation. It is widely used due to its availability, low cost, speed, and ability to show internal structures and blood flow. Common uses include examining organs like the heart, liver, and kidneys, as well as guiding procedures, imaging breasts and blood vessels, and assessing fetal development in pregnancies. The procedure works by a transducer sending sound waves into the body and receiving echoes to create images based on the return signal.
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Pulse oximeter – how does it work and how can it be used in home care?
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Pulse oximeter
- 1. Pulse Oximeter Presenter: Rohullah Satari Instructor: Rob Sufi
- 2. What is Pulse Oximeter? • Small, light weight, Clip like device • Masseur O2 • Pulse Rate (PR)
- 3. How Do Pulse Oximeter Work? Deoxygenated Hb and Oxygenated Hb
- 4. How do Pulse Oximeter Work?
- 5. How Do Pulse Oximeter Work? • Shining 2 different Lights • Red & Infrared
- 6. Normal Oxygen Saturation Normal SO2 is : 95 - 99 % SO2 90 % ↓ is a Clinical Emergency
- 7. History of Pulse Oximeter • In 1935, Karl Matthes (German physician ) the first device • In the 1940s, the original oximeter was made by Glenn Allan Millikan • In 1972, by Takuo Aoyagi and Michio Kishi, used the ratio of red to infrared light absorption • In 1995, Masimo , US Signal Extraction Technology (SET)
- 8. History of Pulse Oximeter • In 2011, an expert workgroup recommended newborn screening, (CCHD)
- 9. Types of Pulse Oximeter 1. Finger tip ( clip like) pulse oximeter
- 10. Types of Pulse Oximeter 1. Finger tip ( clip like) pulse oximeter 2. Wrist Finger Pulse oximeter
- 11. Types of Pulse oximeter 1. Finger tip ( clip like) pulse oximeter 2. Wrist finger Pulse oximeter 3. Handled finger probe Pulse oximeter
- 12. Pulse Oximeter Accessories Sticky adhesive or adhesive sensors
- 13. Pulse oximeter Accessories Pulse oximeter probes ( Nose)
- 14. Pulse oximeter Accessories Pulse oximeter probes ( Ear)
- 15. Purpose and uses • Hospitals Pre Operation, Anesthesia, Post Op care , ICU, Emergency room, Wards, Delivery room, nurseries • Clinics Doctors offices, Practice offices, General care area • Homecare Respiratory problems, Heart disease, CHD
- 16. Case Scenario 24 years old lady was invite to a party, so first she went to the beauty and nail salon. On the way to restaurant, she had an accident. An ambulance toke her to the hospital. In emergency room, a new haired nurse couldn’t measure her SO2 by pulse oximeter, but her pulse was palpable. What was the reason?
- 17. Limitations • Nail polish and Henna pigmentation • Having cold hands or poor circulation • Body movement, shivering, tremor • Carbon monoxide poisoning • Anemia, Bilirubin↑, Blood lipids↑…
- 18. Future Prospects • Accurate pulse oximeter • In the future, pulse oximeters probe could be wearable, disposable and wireless