PULSE GENERATOR_Hazzan Aj
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This document describes the design and development of a pulse generator circuit using a 555 timer integrated circuit. It includes a list of components, a schematic diagram, and descriptions of the design process from conceptualization to testing. The circuit produces oscillations that can be used in applications like digital clocks, meters, and security systems. The design was verified through calculation of duty cycle and frequency formulas and by confirming the lights glow as intended.
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This project mainly focuses on reduction of power cut and power theft. The main reason for the power cut is shortage of power in the generation unit. We can rectify this problem through our project.
Whenever the generation falls behind a particular limit (it is set initially by EB) the power management system will automatically switched on. Power will be supplied to only the basic necessary equipment (as stated in the priority list) power to other load will be stopped so that huge amount of power can be saved without power cut.
In our project, this is achieved using NS2 software and using ZIGBEE. Whenever generation falls below the particular value, then the load will be automatically switched off based on priority. And it can also be done through an interrupt. Through ZIGBEE command the interrupt will be sent to microcontroller to cut the power to the particular load.
When microcontroller receiving the command, the relay will cut the power to the equipment. So the power will be saved.
In this project,the method to detect and to control the power theft is also stated. Other methods of power theft like damaging, by passing electrical power meter can also be detected and can be punished.
Man power can also be reduced. The power usage of the customer will be automatically updated in the EB station so there is no need of man power to take meter reading in the user side. After every two months the reading will be automatically resetted.
final report
This document summarizes an engineering student's summer internship report on simulating and implementing a control system plant. The student:
1) Simulated the plant model in Proteus, PSpice and MATLAB, obtaining graphs of the system response.
2) Designed proportional and proportional-integral controllers in Simulink to achieve zero steady state error.
3) Implemented the open loop plant and closed loop system with controllers on hardware using an Arduino, resistors, capacitors, and op-amps.
POWER QUALITY IMPROVEMENT IN ELECTRICAL RAILWAY POWER SYSTEM
This document discusses power quality improvement in electrical railway power systems. It describes a system that provides continuous power factor correction without manually loading capacitor banks. The system uses a piecewise-polynomial analog computer to compute transistor on-times based on power factor control and peak current limiting functions. It initiates conduction cycles when the inductor current reaches zero and terminates it after the computed on-time. This improves the power factor and reduces reactive power charges on electricity bills. The system aims to increase the power factor to over 0.95 in a cost-effective manner to improve efficiency and reduce costs.
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This document discusses several techniques to reduce cogging torque in permanent magnet motors, which is an undesirable effect that prevents smooth rotor rotation. It describes classical and innovative techniques to minimize cogging torque through varying motor geometry while maintaining running torque. Some techniques discussed are skewing stator/magnets, fractional slots per pole, modulating drive current, and using optinet with magnets. Several industrial applications of cogging torque control are mentioned, like conveyor belts, CNC machines, and motorized vehicle braking. The document provides theoretical and practical justification for different cogging torque reduction techniques.
PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLERS
This document provides an overview of programmable logic controllers (PLCs) and their use in manufacturing control systems. It discusses the history and purpose of PLCs, the components that PLCs interact with including input/output devices, switches, relays, timers, and counters. The document also covers PLC architecture, components, ladder logic programming, and provides an example of a ladder logic program for controlling the filling of a tank.
Minor_project.ppt.pdf
This document describes an automatic room light controller project using IR sensors that was completed by students at SITAMARHI Institute of Technology. The system uses IR sensors to detect movement and an Arduino board to control relays that turn lights on and off. It increments a counter when movement is detected to enter the room, and decrements when movement is detected to exit. The counter value is displayed on an LCD to show the number of people in the room. When the count reaches zero, the lights are automatically turned off to save energy.
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Intelligent Electric Power Management Using Zigbee with Advanced Metering Inf...
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PULSE GENERATOR_Hazzan Aj
- 1. PULSE GENERATOR USING 555 TIMER IC DESIGN AND DEVELOPED BY AJAO HAZZAN
- 2. OUTLINE ● INTRODUCTION ● COMPONENTS LIST ● SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM ● DESIGN DEVELOPMENT ● TESTING ● RESULT
- 3. INTRODUCTION This pulse generator can also be called oscillator. They are sequential logic circuit which can be either synchronous or asynchronous circuit. They have application in our smart electronic gadgets like: Digital measuring tools, Microwaves, Digital alarm clocks, Counters, Security systmes , Alarm Clock , Elevators, Smart radio etc.
- 4. COMPONENTS LIST Componets used Description Resistor ( R1) To reduce the amount of current flow, so that the current flows doesn't damage the other devices connected. Resistor ( R2) Resistor ( R3) Resistor ( R4) 555 Timer It produces oscillation. Electrolytic Capacitor It store charges and dissipates it when needed. Polyester Capacitor It store charges and dissipates it when needed. Batteries It provides direct current. Leds It provides illuminations. Project Boards It provides interconnections Multimeters Used for measurements
- 6. DESIGN DEVELOPMENT The design developmental flow chart is given below start what to be achieved, list of all components needed Does the all the inputs parameters i.e. (what to be achieved, components list) meets design specification Perform all interconnection, Calculate the duty circle to check design meet specification. Needed for formular freq=1/t= 1.44 / ((r1+r2*2)*c) duty cycle= (r1+r2)/(r1+2*r2) End Does Everything works perfectly?
- 7. IMPLEMENTATION 2. Component Insertion 1. Board Placement 3. Component Connection 4. Supply Voltage
- 8. TESTING This product has been successfully developed. You can see the light glowing, to see the vidoe presentation click this youtube link : https://www.youtu be.com/watch? v=xD2dm_fy784