1. New surgical techniques like anesthesia, antiseptics, and amputations reduced wound infections and saved lives. Field hospitals also used triage to prioritize the most critical cases.
2. Sanitation improvements like handwashing and waste disposal helped control the spread of diseases in camps and hospitals. This reduced epidemics of infections.
3. The establishment of the U.S. Sanitary Commission and later the American Red Cross organized nursing and supply distribution, improving medical care of soldiers.