Psychology is the scientific study of human behavior and mental processes. It involves systematically studying topics through defining problems, forming hypotheses, designing methods, implementing methods to gather and analyze data, and making conclusions. Behaviors can be overt and observable or covert and hidden. Psychology aims to describe behaviors, explain behaviors, predict behaviors, and control undesirable behaviors. The five pioneering schools of psychology were structuralism, functionalism, Gestalt approach, behaviorism, and psychoanalysis.

1. INTRODUCTION
TO PSYCHOLOGY

2. PSYCHOLOGY
SYSTEMATIC STUDY
OF HUMAN
BEHAVIOR AND
MENTAL PROCESSES

3. SYSTEMATIC STUDY
INVOLVES SCIENTIFIC PROCEDURES SUCH AS:
DEFINE THE PROBLEM
FORMULATE HYPOTHESIS
PLAN AND DESIGN THE METHOD
IMPLEMENT THE METHOD

4. •GATHERING OF DATA
•ANALYSIS OF THE DATA
GATHERED
•MAKING OF A CONCLUSION
•PUBLISH THE RESULTS OF THE
STUDY

5. HUMAN BEHAVIORS
REFERS TO THE OVERT AND COVERT
BEHAVIORS
OVERT BEHAVIORS – BEHAVIORS THAT
CAN BE SEEN AND OBSERVABLE.
COVERT – BEHAVIORS THAT ARE HIDDEN

6. MENTAL PROCESSES
THINKING
ANALYSIS
COMPREHENSION
DAYDREAMING
DREAMS

7. GOALS OF PSYCHOLOGY
DESCRIBE-tell what occurred
EXPLAIN-tells the why
PREDICT-under what conditions is the
behaviour/event likely to occur
CONTROL-
how is the principle applied or what change in
condition is necessary to prevent unwanted
occurrence or to bring about a desired
outcome

8. DESCRIBE
DESCRIBE THE
DIFFERENT WAYS
THAT
ORGANISMS BEHAVE.

9. EXPLAIN
EXPLAIN HOW
ORGANISMS
BEHAVE IN CERTAIN
SITUATIONS.

10. PREDICT
PREDICT WHY
ORGANISMS BEHAVE
IN CERTAIN SITUATION

11. CONTROL
CONTROL
UNDESIRABLE
BEHAVIORS

12. SPOTLIGHT EFFECT
FAMILIAR FEELING
THAT THE WHOLE
WORLD IS
WATCHING YOU.

13. DR. KENNETH SAVITSKY
PROFESSOR OF
PSYCHOLOGY IN ONE OF
THE UNIVERSITIES IN
UNITED STATES OF
AMERICA.

14. FIVE PIONEERING SCHOOLS OF
PSYCHOLOGY
1. STRUCTURALISM
THE STUDY OF THE MOST BASIC
ELEMENTS, PRIMARILY SENSATIONS
AND PERCEPTIONS THAT MAKE UP
OUR CONSCIOUS MENTAL EXPERIENCES.

15. WILHELM WUNDT
THE FATHER OF
PSYCHOLOGY

16. INTROSPECTION
GREATEST CONTRIBUTION OF
WUNDT. THIS IS A METHOD
WHICH ASKS A PERSON TO
VERBALIZE HIS THOUGHTS
AND FEELINGS WITHOUT ANY
CENSORSHIP.

17. ACTIVITY
FOR 5 MINUTES. WRITE DOWN ALL
THE THINGS THAT GO THROUGH
YOUR MIND NOW. REMEMBER THAT
YOU ARE NOT SUPPOSED TO CENSOR
ANYTHING. THEN, ANALYZE WHAT
YOU HAVE WRITTEN

18. WILLIAM JAMES
HE VIEWED MENTAL ACTIVITIES AS
HAVING DEVELOPED THROUGH
AGES OF EVOLUTION BECAUSE OF
THEIR ADAPTIVE FUNCTIONS SUCH
AS HELPING HUMANS SURVIVE.

19. 2. FUNCTIONALISM
STUDY OF THE FUNCTION RATHER
THAN THE STRUCTURE OF
CONSCIOUSNESS, WAS
INTERESTED IN HOW MINDS
ADAPT TO OUR CHANGING
ENVIRONMENT.

20. 3. GESTALT APPROACH
EMPHASIZES THAT PERCEPTION IS
MORE THAN THE SUM OF ITS
PARTS AND STUDIED HOW
SENATIONS ARE ASSEMBLED
INTO MEANINGFUL PERCEPTUAL
EXPERIENCES.

21. 1.MAX WERTHEIMER
2. WOLFGANG KOHLER

22. 3. KURT KOFFKA

23. For example, a set of dots outlining the shape of a star is likely
to be perceived as a star, not as a set of dots. We tend to
complete the figure, make it the way it “should” be, finish
it. Like we somehow manage to see this as a "B"...

24. 4. BEHAVIORISM
EMPHASIZED THE
OBJECTIVE, SCIENTIFIC
ANALYSIS OF
OBSERVABLE
BEHAVIORS.

25. “GIVE ME A DOZEN HEALTHY
INFANTS, WELL-FORMED AND MY
OWN SPECIAL WORLD TO BRING
THEM UP IN AND I’LL GUARANTEE
TO TAKE ONE AT RANDOM AND
TRAIN HIMTO BECOME ANY TYPE
OF SPECIALIST I MIGHT SELECT-
DOCTOR, LAWYER, ARTIST,
CRIMINAL….”.

26. JOHN B. WATSON

27. 5. PSYCHOANALYSIS
• BASED ON THE BELIEF THAT
CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCES
GREATLY INFLUENCE THE
DEVELOPMENT OF LATTER
PERSONALITY TRAITS AND
PSYCHOLOGICAL PROBLEMS.

28. SIGMUND FREUD

29. 1. REFER TO “SPOTLIGHT EFFECT” AND
LIST POSSIBLE BEHAVIORS EXHIBITED
BY SOMEBODY WHO SUDDENLY TRIPS
ON A CHAIR WHILE HE/SHE IS
INSIDE THE CANTEEN. LIST AT LEAST 5.
2. CONTRAST THIS METHOD WITH THE
“INTROSPECTION EXERCISE” WHICH
OF THE TWO IS EASIER TO
ACCOMPLISH? WHY?

30. •Angeliqueart2001
@yahoo.co.uk