The document outlines the scientific method of investigation which involves several key steps: defining the problem, reviewing related literature, formulating a hypothesis, developing a research design, collecting data, analyzing the data, and drawing a conclusion. It also discusses two common research methods - surveys and observation - outlining their advantages and disadvantages. Finally, it discusses the importance of psychology in understanding human behavior scientifically and applying findings to solve problems.

1. The Scientific
Method of
Investigation

2. • Is a systematic, organized
series of step that insure
maximum objectivity and
consistency in research on a
problem. The element in the
scientific method is planning.

3. The state a possible
relationship between two or
more variables.
Is either confirmed or
rejected and, in this manner,
a science grows.

4. Define theDefine the
Problem:Problem:

5. This is the first step in
any scientific research in
order to state clearly
what should be
investigated.

6. Review RelatedReview Related
Literature:Literature:

7. The Scientific
Method of
Investigation

8. By conducting a review of the
related literature, the relevant
scholarly studies and information,
the research defines problem under
study and clarifies possible
techniques to be used in collecting
data.

9. Formulate theFormulate the
Hypothesis:Hypothesis:

10. Is an account defining a
particular relationship
between two or more
variables.

11. Develop aDevelop a
Research DesignResearch Design

12. Is a detailed method
of obtaining data
scientifically.

13. Collect Data:Collect Data:

14. The data to be
collected should be in
line with the research
design.

15. Analyze theAnalyze the
Data:Data:

16. They are classified, synthesized,
tabulated, analyzed and
interpreted, making whatever
test and computations are
necessary to help find the result.

17. DrawDraw
Conclusion:Conclusion:

18. The conclusion should reflect
the hypothesis.
On the bases of the findings,
conclusion have to be made
either to accept or reject the
hypothesis.

19. The survey
method

20. This quantitative technique
involves systematically asking
people about their attitudes,
feeling, ideas, opinion, values,
or behavior by using a survey.

21. Problem with
survey and
these are:

22. •If the question concern
personally information
about age, income,
and sex life.

23. • If the question or
responses are highly
structured, the result of
the survey may not reflect
the actual belief of the
people being questioned.

24. •Respondent may
have difficulty
interpreting the
question correctly.

25. Survey method
Advantage of
the

26. The survey is economical to the
researcher.
He can collect data on a large population
in relatively short time.
Because finding can be quantified, the
researcher can make precise comparisons
of different groups and precise
measurement of changes over time.

27. Survey method
Disadvantage
of the

28. Standard question may obscure subtle.
Surveys measure what people say do,
not what they actually do.
Respondents may give “Socially
correct” but not accurate answer.

29. Observation
method

32. Advantage
of
Observation

33. I. Non-verbal
behavior

35. II. Natural
environment

37. III.
Longitudinal
analysis.

39. Disadvantag
e o f
o bse rvatio n

40. • In a natural environment, the
researcher often has little control
over extraneous variables that may
affect the data.

41. • There is difficulty in specifying and
preparing a scale to measure the variables.
• The observer is much more likely simply
to observe and record events as they occur.

42. Related concept
on scientific
investigation

43. • Refers to a cluster of interrelated
concept for viewing a phenomenon and
describing and classifying its parts. In
the strictest sense of the term, a
conceptual a frame work is not a theory.

44. • Is an explanation of an abstract
concept that is specific enough to
allow a researcher to measure the
concept.

45. • Are an indication that
causality may be present;
they do not necessarily
indicate causation.

46. • Involves a selection from a
larger population that is
statistically found to be
typical in the population.

47. • Is a condition where every
member of an entire
population being studied
has the same chance of
being selected.

48. • Refers to the degree to
which a measure or scale
truly reflect the
phenomenon under study.

49. • Refers to the extent to
which a measure provides
consistent result.

50. • Refers to the subject in the
experiment who are not
introduced to the
dependent variables by the
researcher.

51. • Is a situation when subject of
research perform in a manner
different from their typical
behavior because they realize
that they are under observation.

52. The
importance of
psychology

53. •Will enable individuals to achieve
emotional equilibrium and in effect,
make better social adjustment. It
can also be a tool for improving
the quality of our lives and the
lives of those around us.

54. •We study psychology to gather
factual information about heredity,
intelligence, emotion, sensation,
perception, mental state and
processes, individual differences,
nature, growth and development,
behavior disorder and a wide range
of subject matter affecting our lives.

55. •We also learn the application of
scientific investigation to find
appropriate solution to the
multifarious problem we gave to
confront.
•We also learn to analyze and

56. •From these, we develop the capacity
to see through and understand better
the complexities of human behavior.
•In the foregoing definition of
psychology there are two importance
concept that should be understood.

57. •The first is science as an element
of the definition.
•Science is a branch of knowledge
or study which deals with a body
of fact or truths systematically
arrange and showing the
operation of general laws.

58. •The second importance
consideration as an element in the
definition of psychology underscores
“Study of Behavior” which refers to
the various action of the individual.
Behavior may be conscious or
unconscious.

59. •Some action may be Rational or
Irrational.
•Rational: acts are exercised with
prudence and reasons.
•Irrational: acts are committed
without the faculty of, or not within
the bounds of reasons.

60. •Some forms of behavior are voluntary
or involuntary.
•Voluntary: it is done by the
individual on volition or free will.
•Involuntary: maybe certain
processes that take place in our body
even when we are sleep or awake.