The document discusses the evolution of biological classification systems from two kingdoms to five kingdoms and now potentially six kingdoms. The two original kingdoms were plants and animals, but it became difficult to classify all organisms within those, so three additional kingdoms were added: Protista, Fungi, and Monera. Some biologists now recognize Eubacteria and Archeobacteria as separate from the original Monera kingdom. Classification systems continue to change and evolve more rapidly than species themselves. Kingdoms are further divided into additional taxonomic ranks like phyla, classes, orders, families, genera and species. Classifying organisms, especially microorganisms, into the appropriate kingdom can sometimes be challenging.

1. WELCOME

2. FIVE-KINGDOM-CLASSIFICATION

3. •Once upon a time, all living things were lumped
together into two kingdoms, namely plants and animals
(at least, that's how I learned it).
•Animals included every living thing that moved, ate,
and grew to a certain size and stopped growing. Plants
included every living thing that did not move or eat and
that continued to grow throughout life.
•It became very difficult to group some living things into
one or the other, so early in the past century the two
kingdoms were expanded into five kingdoms: Protista
(the single-celled eukaryotes); Fungi (fungus and related
organisms); Plantae (the plants); Animalia (the animals);
Monera (the prokaryotes).

4. •Many biologists now recognize six distinct kingdoms, dividing
Monera into the Eubacteria and Archeobacteria.
•All I can say is that the sytem holds true for this week, at
least. It might even hold up for a century or two. Accepted
systems of classification have changed at a far faster pace than
the species have taken to evolve, that's for certain.
•Kingdoms are divided into categories called phyla, each
phylum is divided into classes, each class into orders, each
order into families, each family into genera, and each genus
into species. A species represents one type of organism, such
as dog, tiger shark, Ameoba proteus (the common amoeba),
Homo sapiens (us), or Acer palmatum (Japanese maple). Note
that species names should be underlined or written in italics.
•Classifying larger organisms into kingdoms is usually easy, but
in a microenvironment it can be tricky. If you have had a little
biology, a good exercise is to describe individual living things,
and to try to classify them as to kingdom.

7. THANK YOU