1. KINGDOM ANIMALIA
Each person can say that they know of or can
name at least one animal. However, do people
know that animals are not merely a group but
a kingdom? What does Animalia kingdom
mean? What defines kingdom Animalia? To
define the kingdom Animalia, one must think
of it in a biological sense. Kingdom Animalia
or just Animalia is a huge kingdom consisting
of eukaryotic, multicellular animals that
are heterotrophic in nature.
2. kingdom animalia
• Let’s find out about the classification of animals. The
animal kingdom classification chart helps see clearly the
different categories animals are put into. The animal
kingdom chart also helps with the different animal
kingdom facts that the group possesses.
• In general, animals are separated into two groups:
• Vertebrates (animals with a backbone)
• Invertebrates (animals without a backbone) (animals that
lack a backbone).
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3. A.Vertebrates
Vertebrates are all creatures that belong to
the Vertebrata subphylum. They are members of
the Chordata phylum and have a backbone
(vertebrae) (where the spinal cord is located).
In addition, they have an internal skeletal
system (endoskeleton) to which muscles are
joined.
5. DIFFERENT TYPES OF VERTEBRATES
1. MAMMALIA
•Mammary glands, which produce milk for
nourishing (nursing) their young in females, a
neocortex (a portion of the brain), fur or hair,
and three middle ear bones characterize
mammals (from Latin mamma, ‘breast’). These
features set them apart
from reptiles (including birds), from whom
they separated about 300 million years ago in
the Carboniferous.
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6. 2. Reptilia
Reptiles are the creatures in the class
Reptilia, a paraphyletic grouping that
includes all sauropsid amniotes
save Aves (birds). Turtles, crocodilians,
squamates (lizards and snakes), and
rhynchocephalians are examples of living
reptiles (tuatara). Classified separately
from other reptiles, birds are in the
classical Linnaean classification system.
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3. Amphibia
Amphibians are ectothermic tetrapod animals of the
Amphibia class. The group Lissamphibia includes all live
amphibians. They live in a broad range of habitats, with
the majority of species inhabiting terrestrial, fossorial,
arboreal, or freshwater aquatic settings. As a result,
most amphibians begin as larvae in water, although
certain species have evolved behavioral adaptations to
avoid this.
8. 4. Agnatha
Agnatha is an infraphylum of jawless fish in the
phylum Chordata, subphylum Vertebrata, with
both living and extinct species (cyclostomes
and ostracoderms). Cyclastomes are the sister
group to all vertebrates with jaws, known
as gnathostomes. Recent molecular evidence
from rRNA and mtDNA, as well as
embryological data, substantially support the
concept that the cyclostomes, or live
agnathans, are monophyletic.
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5. Osteichthyes
Osteichthyes is a taxonomic group of fish whose
skeletons are mostly formed of bone tissue, they
are sometimes called bony fish as well. They are
distinguished from the Chondrichthyes by their
cartilage-based skeletons. The great majority of
fish are members of the Osteichthyes order,
which is an exceptionally varied and plentiful
organization that includes 45 orders, over 435
families, and 28,000 species.
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6. Chondrichthyes
Chondrichthyes is a class of about 1050 extant
cartilaginous fishes that includes skates, sharks,
rays, and chimeras. The class consists of 12
orders separated into two monophyletic
subclasses, the Elasmobranchii (sharks, rays,
and skates) and the Holocephali (chimeras).
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B. Invertebrates
In contrast to cartilaginous or bony vertebrates, invertebrates are
any animals that lack a vertebral column or backbone.
Invertebrates account for more than 90% of all extant animal
species. They are found all over the world and include species
such as sea stars, sea urchins, earthworms, sponges, jellyfish,
lobsters, crabs, insects, spiders, snails, clams, and squid.
Invertebrates are particularly significant as agricultural pests,
parasites, or agents for parasitic infection transfer to humans and
other vertebrates.
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Levels of Organization
It is interesting to note that
despite all animal kingdom
species being multicellular, not
all of their cellular arrangements
abide by this rule. Animal levels
of the organization are
categorized into the following
categories based on cellular
organization patterns:
•The Cellular Level of
Organization: Cells in animals with
this kind of cell organization are
grouped in loose cell aggregates.
Sponge organization is a good
example of this.
•Tissue Level Organization: Animal
cells exhibit divisions in cell activity.
Cells that complete the same job
are tissues. Coelenterates is one
example.
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•Organ Level of Organization: Tissues of a certain animal
group that perform the same function are grouped together
to create an organ. Each organ has a distinct purpose.
Platyhelminthes is an example. Organ System Level of
Organization: Organ system level of organization has been
found in animals where organs have been coupled to create
functional systems, each system concerned with a certain
physiological function. Chordates, Annelids, Mollusks,
Echinoderms, and Arthropods are a few examples.
16. Symmetry
Certain species, most notably sponges and ameboid protozoans,
lack symmetry, having either an irregular shape that varies from
individual to individual or one that undergoes continual changes of
form. The great majority of creatures, on the other hand, have a
distinct symmetrical shape. Animals have four types of
symmetry: spherical, radial, biradial, and bilateral.
17. Body Cavity/Coelom
The coelom (or celom) is the primary body cavity that surrounds
and houses the digestive tract and other organs in most animals. It
is lined by mesothelium in certain mammals. It is undifferentiated
in other species, such as mollusks. Coelom features have
previously been used to categorize bilaterian animal phyla into
informal groupings for practical purposes.
18. Acoelomata
Acoelomata is essentially a subgroup (or super-
phylum) of creatures that lack a real body cavity. The
body cavity, also known as a coelom, is a fluid-filled
region positioned between the body wall and the
digestive system.
19. Coelomates
Coelomate creatures, also known as Coelomata (sometimes
known as eucoelomates – “genuine coelom”), have a bodily
cavity called a coelom with a full lining produced from
mesoderm called peritoneum (one of the three primary tissue
layers). The entire mesoderm lining permits organs to be linked
to one another and hung in a certain sequence while still moving
freely inside the space. Coelomates make up the majority of
bilateral creatures; this includes all vertebrates.
20. Different Phyla under the Kingdom
Animalia
The kingdom organisms are divided into many
phylum animals in the kingdom Animalia
phylum. What is a phylum? What is it for?
A phylum (plural: phyla, not phylums) is a
major taxonomic rank below Kingdom. The
members of the animal kingdom are
categorized into numerous phyla and subpyla.
These divisions help to form the animal
kingdom hierarchy and include the eukaryotic
kingdom chart.
21. 1. Kingdom Animalia: Phylum Chordata
A member of the Chordata phylum is called a chordate. At some time
during their larval or maturity phases, all chordates have 5
synapomorphies or main traits that separate them from all other
species. The five synapomorphies are a notochord, then the dorsal
hollow nerve cord, endostyle – which is also known as the thyroid.
There are also pharyngeal slits and a post-anal tail. The term
“chordate” is derived from the first of these synapomorphies, the
notochord, which is important in chordate structure and movement.
Chordates are bilaterally symmetric, have a coelom, a circulatory
system, and metameric segmentation.
22. Main characteristics of chordates
Chordates possess very distinct anatomical features.
•A notochord is a rigid cartilage rod that runs down the interior of the body.
The notochord develops into the spine in the vertebrate subgroup of
chordates, and in fully aquatic animals, this allows the animal to swim by
bending its tail.
•A neural tube’s dorsal end. This develops into the spinal cord, the major
communication trunk of the nervous system, in fish and other vertebrates.
•Slits in the pharynx. The area of the throat behind the mouth is known as the
pharynx. The slits in fish are changed to create gills, but in certain other
chordates, they are part of a filter-feeding system that collects food particles
from the water in which the animals dwell.
23. •The post-anal tail. A powerful tail
that extends behind the anus.
•A type of endostyle. This is a
groove in the pharynx’s ventral wall.
It generates mucus to capture food
particles in filter-feeding animals,
which aids in food delivery to the
esophagus. It also stores iodine and
is thought to be a forerunner of the
vertebrate thyroid gland.
2. Kingdom Animalia: Phylum Porifera
Sponges, members of the phylum Porifera (meaning ‘pore
bearer,’) are a basic animal group that is related to the
Diploblasts. They are multicellular creatures with pores
and channels that let water move through their bodies,
which are made up of jelly-like mesohyl sandwiched
between two thin layers of cells.
Sponges have unspecialized cells that can change into
other types and travel between the major cell layers and
the mesohyl regularly. Sponges lack neurological,
digestive, and circulatory systems. Instead, most rely on a
steady flow of water through their bodies to get food,
oxygen, and waste removal. Sponges were the first
creatures to split out from the last common ancestor of
all animals, making them the sister group of all other
animals.
24. 3. Kingdom Animalia: Phylum Platyhelminthes
Flatworms, Platyhelminthes, or platyhelminths are a phylum of
very basic bilaterian, unsegmented, soft-bodied invertebrates.
They are acoelomates (without a body cavity) and lack specific
circulatory and respiratory organs, limiting them to flattened
geometries that enable oxygen and nutrients to move through
their bodies by diffusion. Because the digestive cavity only has
one opening for both ingestion (nutrient intake) and egestion
(removal of unprocessed wastes), food cannot be processed
constantly.
25. 4. Kingdom Animalia: Phylum
Cnidaria
Cnidaria is a phylum under the kingdom
Animalia that contains approximately
11,000 species of aquatic organisms
found in both freshwater and marine
settings, with a focus on the latter. Their
distinctive characteristic is cnidocytes,
which are specialized cells used mostly for
prey capture. Mesoglea, a non-living jelly-
like substance sandwiched between two
layers of epithelium, each roughly one cell
thick, makes up their bodies.
5. Kingdom Animalia: Phylum
Annelida
The annelids (Annelida, from Latin
anellus, “small ring”), often known as
ringed worms or segmented worms, are
a vast phylum that includes ragworms,
earthworms, and leeches. The species
live in and have evolved to a variety of
ecologies, including some in marine
habitats such as tidal zones and
hydrothermal vents, some in
freshwater, and yet others in wet
terrestrial areas.
26. 6. Kingdom Animalia: Phylum
Mollusca
After the Arthropoda, Mollusca is
the second-largest phylum of
invertebrates. Mollusks (or molluscs)
are the members. There are around
85,000 known species of mollusks.
The number of new fossil species is
believed to be between 60,000 and
100,000. The fraction of unnamed
species is quite high. Many taxa are
still understudied.
7. Kingdom Animalia: Phylum
Arthropoda
Arthropods are invertebrates with
an exoskeleton, segmented bodies,
and paired jointed limbs. Arthropods
are classified as members of the
phylum Arthropoda. They are
recognized by their jointed limbs
and chitin cuticle, which is
frequently mineralized with calcium
carbonate.
27. 8. Kingdom Animalia: Phylum
Hemichordata
Hemichordata is a phylum of marine
deuterostome organisms that is
commonly regarded as the echinoderms’
sister group. They first emerge in the
Lower or Middle Cambrian and are
divided into two groups: Enteropneusta
(acorn worms) and Pterobranchia.
Planctosphaeroidea, a third class, is
known exclusively from the larva of a
single species, Planctosphaera pelagica.
Graptolithina, an extinct class, is
connected to pterobranchs.
9. Kingdom Animalia: Phylum
Echinodermata
An echinoderm is any marine animal
that belongs to the group
Echinodermata. Adults include starfish,
brittle stars, sea urchins, sand dollars,
and sea cucumbers, as well as sea lilies
or “stone lilies,” which have radial
symmetry (usually five points). Adult
echinoderms can be found from the
intertidal zone to the abyssal zone at all
ocean depths.
28. 10. Kingdom Animalia:
Phylum Ctenophora
Ctenophora is a phylum of marine
invertebrates known as comb jellies
that live in seawater all around the
world. They are famous for the
clusters of cilia they utilize for
swimming (often referred to as
“combs”), and they are the biggest
creatures that swim using cilia.
11. Kingdom Animalia: Phylum
Aschelminthes
Archaeocyatha is a taxon of
extinct, sessile, reef-building
marine sponges that lived during
the Cambrian Period in warm
tropical and subtropical seas.
The Archaeocyatha origin is
presently thought to be in East
Siberia, where they have been
recognized since the beginning
of the Cambrian Tommotian Age,
525 million years ago (mya).
29. Kingdom Animalia examples
Animalia is a kingdom of eukaryotic
creatures. Parthenogenesis is the process through which
they reproduce sexually or asexually. When you think of
animals, you typically think of species from the phylum
Chordata, but there are many others.
30. •Jellyfish – For millions of years, long before dinosaurs
existed, jellyfish have been traveling about on ocean
currents. The jelly-like creatures may be found in both cold
and warm ocean water, as well as deep-sea and along
coasts, and they pulsate with ocean currents. Jellyfish,
despite their name, are invertebrates, or organisms without
backbones, not fish.
31. •Dogs – A domesticated ancestor of the wolf, the dog (Canis
familiaris or Canis lupus familiaris) is recognized by an upturned tail. The
dog is descended from an extinct wolf, and the current wolf is the dog’s
closest living relative. Before the development of agriculture, hunter-
gatherers domesticated the dog for the first time some 15,000 years ago.
Dogs have increased to a vast number of domestic individuals as a result of
their long contact with humans, and they have developed the capacity to
live on a starch-rich diet that would be insufficient for other canids. Dogs
evolved to be particularly attuned to human behavior over millennia, and
the human-canine link has been the subject of much research.
