This document provides an overview of biology practical lessons on classifying living organisms. It begins by introducing classification as the science of systematically grouping organisms based on similarities and differences in both external and internal anatomy, as well as genetics and evolution. Organisms are classified into taxa and five main kingdoms are identified: Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia. Details are then given on the Animalia kingdom, including its defining characteristics of being multicellular, heterotrophic organisms with tissues, nerves, and the ability to move. Animals are further divided into those with or without a notochord. Examples of phyla within the Animalia kingdom are provided, with more in-depth details given
2. WELLCOME TO THE LESSON.
• Hi
• Its my hope that you are fine and ready to
discover new knowledge hidden in the
study of life and living organisms. Under
this lesson you'll acquire knowledge and
skills to apply on classification practical
questions which appears in the national
exams and in our daily life at large.
3. CLASSIFICATION OF LIVING
ORGANISMS
Classification- is the science that deals with
the systematic way of placing organism in
groups (taxa) basing on the similarities
and differences.
The similarity and different features are
includes INTERNAL and EXTERNAL
ANATOMY.
4. • Physiological functions, GENETICAL
make up and evolutionary relationship
(history)
• Taxa are categories that are used to
deferent organisms
• A specific taxa that organisms belong is
called a taxon
• The taxa are normally arranged in
descending order from kingdom to
species.
5. Cont…
• In modern classification, scientist grouped
all living things into five kingdoms as
follows:-
• Kingdom monera
• Kingdom protista
• Kingdom fungi
• Kingdom plantae
• Kingdom animalia
6. KINGDOM ANIMALIA.
• The word animal comes from a Latin word
means HAVING BREATH.
• The kingdom animalia is composed of
animals which vary greatly in structure,
morphology and the way their body
factions.
7. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS
OF ANIMAL.
• All animals are multicultural organisms.
• Animal bodies are differentiated into
tissues.
• All animals are heterotrophs.
• They store carbohydrate in form of
glycogen.
• They exercise locomotion.
• All animals are eukaryotic.
8. DISTINCTIVE FEATURES OF
ANIMALS.
• The cell of animals have only bounded by
a plasma membrane.
• They have a nervous system that are
capable of detecting changes at the
environment.
9. Cont…
• Animals can be grouped into groups on
their bases of presences or absences of a
notochord.
• Those without notochord are called non-
chordates.
• Those with notochord are called
chordates.
10. Cont…
• A notochord is a supporting rod like
structure running longitudinally along the
dorsal side of the animal and it can persist
throughout of the life or may be replaced
by a back borne.
• The kingdom animalia is categorized into
phyla which includes:-
12. PHYLUM
PLATYHELMINTHES.
Platyhelminthes means flat worms, they get their
name from their flat bodies. They inhibit fresh
water, salt water and terrestrial habitats.
Some members are free living while others are
parasitic.
Platyhelminthes has three classes these are
tubelaria, trematoda and cestoda.
13. GENERAL FEATURES.
1. They are bilaterally symmetrical.
2. they have soft epidemic with cilia or covered
with articles.
3. Their bodies are usually dorsal ventrally
flattened.
4. They are triploblastic with no body cavity or
coelom.
5. They have no skeletal, respiratory, and
circulatory system.
6. Their nervous system has a pair of arterial
ganglia or nerve ring.
14. DISTINCTIVE FEATURES.
1. They have soft unsegmented bodies.
2. Their digestive system is incomplete, that
is the digestive cavity has only a single
opening which is a mouth, there is no
anus, except in class cestoda.
3. Their usually hermaphrodites.
Hermaphrodites are organisms with both
male and female sex organs.
20. Distinctive characteristics.
1.They are aquatic living in fresh water.
2.They are outer surface is covered with cilia. This
help them to move in water and glide over the
surface of stones.
3.They have only mouth, no anus. Therefore, the
undigested food leaves the body by the same
opening it enters.
4.They are hermaphrodite but usually undergo
cross fertilization.
5.They can reproduce asexually by spiriting into
two halves each of which will generate into
complete organisms.
21. End of first post
To be continued……
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