Krypton is a colorless, odorless, tasteless noble gas that occurs naturally in trace amounts in Earth's atmosphere. It was discovered in 1898 by Sir William Ramsay while studying liquefied air. Krypton has a few commercial and industrial uses, including in fluorescent lamps, airport runway lights, and neon signs, where its bright emission spectrum is utilized. Though previously thought to be completely inert, a few compounds of krypton have been synthesized in laboratories, including krypton difluoride. Krypton exists as a monatomic gas under standard conditions and has largely inert chemical properties.
Myself being as a class 10 CBSE student; I understand the difficulties faced by the students.
so refer this presentation to have a well understanding over a difficult chapter.
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Carbon belongs to the group IV of the periodic table.
It has four electrons in its outermost orbit, so its valency is four.
Carbon is a non-metal.
Why so many Carbon Compounds in nature
Because carbon is chemically unique.
Only carbon atoms have the ability to combine with themselves to form long chains
The number of carbon compounds is larger than that of all other elements put together.
Occurrence of carbon
The name ‘carbon’ is derived from the Latin
word ‘carbo’ meaning coal. Carbon is found in
nature in free as well as compound state. Carbon in
the free state is found as diamond and graphite, and
in the combined state in the following compounds.
1. As carbon dioxide and in the form of carbonates
such as calcium carbonate, marble, calamine
(ZnCO3)
2. Fossil fuel – coal, petroleum, natural gas
3. Carbonaceous nutrients – carbohydrates,
proteins, fats
4. Natural fibres – cotton, wool, silk
Properties of carbon
Allotropic nature of Carbon
Allotropy - Some elements occur in nature in more than one form. The chemical properties
of these different forms are the same but their physical properties are different. This
property of elements is called allotropy. Like carbon, sulphur and phosphorus also exhibit
allotropy.
Allotropes of carbon
A. Crystalline forms
1. A crystalline form has a regular and definite arrangement of atoms.
2. They have high melting points and boiling points.
3. A crystalline form has a definite geometrical shape, sharp edges and plane surfaces.
Myself being as a class 10 CBSE student; I understand the difficulties faced by the students.
so refer this presentation to have a well understanding over a difficult chapter.
PLEASE DO FOLLOW ME FOR FURTHER UPDATES!!
Carbon belongs to the group IV of the periodic table.
It has four electrons in its outermost orbit, so its valency is four.
Carbon is a non-metal.
Why so many Carbon Compounds in nature
Because carbon is chemically unique.
Only carbon atoms have the ability to combine with themselves to form long chains
The number of carbon compounds is larger than that of all other elements put together.
Occurrence of carbon
The name ‘carbon’ is derived from the Latin
word ‘carbo’ meaning coal. Carbon is found in
nature in free as well as compound state. Carbon in
the free state is found as diamond and graphite, and
in the combined state in the following compounds.
1. As carbon dioxide and in the form of carbonates
such as calcium carbonate, marble, calamine
(ZnCO3)
2. Fossil fuel – coal, petroleum, natural gas
3. Carbonaceous nutrients – carbohydrates,
proteins, fats
4. Natural fibres – cotton, wool, silk
Properties of carbon
Allotropic nature of Carbon
Allotropy - Some elements occur in nature in more than one form. The chemical properties
of these different forms are the same but their physical properties are different. This
property of elements is called allotropy. Like carbon, sulphur and phosphorus also exhibit
allotropy.
Allotropes of carbon
A. Crystalline forms
1. A crystalline form has a regular and definite arrangement of atoms.
2. They have high melting points and boiling points.
3. A crystalline form has a definite geometrical shape, sharp edges and plane surfaces.
What can you tell us about the chemical reactions that go into a fireworks display?
Traditionally, three reagents, potassium nitrate, carbon, and sulfur, make gunpowder. You're doing a combustion reaction out of those types of materials that create
this detonation explosion.
Learning Objectives:
1. Know that Crude Oil is a compound of Hydrogen and Carbon Only
2. Know that a fuel is a substance that, when burned, releases heat energy.
3. Understand the origins of Crude Oil
4. Describe how the industrial Process of Fractional Distillation separates crude oil into fractions
This is about the 36th element, Krypton. It tackles here basic information about it. What type of element it is, reactivity with other elements and its physical characteristics. Also it talks about who found it, its number of electrons, protons, and neutrons. And many more.
What can you tell us about the chemical reactions that go into a fireworks display?
Traditionally, three reagents, potassium nitrate, carbon, and sulfur, make gunpowder. You're doing a combustion reaction out of those types of materials that create
this detonation explosion.
Learning Objectives:
1. Know that Crude Oil is a compound of Hydrogen and Carbon Only
2. Know that a fuel is a substance that, when burned, releases heat energy.
3. Understand the origins of Crude Oil
4. Describe how the industrial Process of Fractional Distillation separates crude oil into fractions
This is about the 36th element, Krypton. It tackles here basic information about it. What type of element it is, reactivity with other elements and its physical characteristics. Also it talks about who found it, its number of electrons, protons, and neutrons. And many more.
information about what it is,what it will do ,what it is use for and additional information like symptoms cause is exposed and what it won't.with pictures that are some what for entertainment then productivity .
Flame Emission Spectroscopy (FES) has been a widespread analytical tool for research and education. Flame Emission Spectroscopy is so named because of the use of the flame, to provide the energy of excitation to atoms introduced into the flame. Flame Emission Spectroscopy is also called Flame Photometry. Flame Emission Spectroscopy is based upon those particles that are electronically excited in the medium.
Carbon being the most versatile element on this earth is also the most important element for mankind. Carbon (from Latin: carbo "coal") is a chemical element with the symbol C and atomic number 6. It is nonmetallic and tetravalent—making four electrons available to form covalent chemical bonds. It belongs to group 14 of the periodic table. Carbon makes up only about 0.025 percent of Earth's crust.
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PRSENTATION ON KRYPTON-ALI RAZA TARIQ.docx.pptx
1. ALLAMA IQBAL OPEN UNIVERSITY
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY-4421
BS CHEMISTRY SEMESTER NO 1
2. PRESENTED BY:- ALI RAZA TARIQ
ROLL NO:-BZ-486811
PRESENTED TO:-Dr FARZANA
SHAHEEN
3. PRESENTATION ON ELEMENT
KRYPTON
OVERVIEW:
Krypton is a chemical element with the symbol Kr and
atomic number 36. It is a colorless, odorless, tasteless
noble gas that occurs in trace amounts in the atmosphere
and is often used with other rare gases in fluorescent
lamps. With rare exceptions, krypton is chemically inert.
It falls in the zero group of periodic table i.e noble gases.
It exist as a monatomic non-metal gas at room
temperature with atomic weight 83.798.
Modern use includes high speed photography.`
4. HISTORY AND DISCOVERY
On May 30, 1898 Krypton was discovered by Sir William
Ramsay, a Scottish chemist, he found it while studying
liquefied air. Small amounts of liquid krypton remained
after the more erratic of liquid components had boiled
away.For this discovery he was awarded with NOBLE
PRIZE IN CHEMISTRY among other scientific
contributions.
In 1960, the International Bureau of Weights and
Measures defined the meter as
1,650,763.73 wavelengths of light emitted by the krypton-
86 isotope this standard was later replaced by speed of
light in vaccum.
5. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS
Krypton is characterized by several sharp emission
lines (spectral signatures) the strongest being green
and yellow.
Krypton is one of the products of uranium fission.
Solid krypton is white and has a face-
centered cubic crystal structure, which is a
common property of all noble gases
(except helium).
It has a boiling point of -152.9°C (-243.2°F) and a
density of 3.64 grams per liter. That makes krypton
about 2.8 times as dense as air.It has a melting
point of -157.4 °C.It has thermal conductivity of
0.00874W/mK
It has a critical temperature of -63.74 °C and
critical pressure of 5502kPa
6. CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
For many years, krypton was thought to be
completely inert. Then, in the early 1960s, it was
found to be possible to make certain compounds
of the element. English chemist Neil Bartlett
found ways to combine noble gases with the
most active element of all, fluorine. In 1963, the
first krypton compounds were made—krypton
difluoride (KrF 2 ) and krypton tetrafluoride
(KrF 4 ).
Other compounds of krypton have also been
made since that time. However, these have no
commercial uses. They are only laboratory made
compounds.
9. NOTABLE REACTION
Reaction of krypton with halogens’
Krypton will react with fluorine, F2, when cooled to -196 °C
(liquid nitrogen) and zapped with an electric discharge or X-rays,
forming krypton(II) fluoride, KrF2.
kr(s) + F2(s) forms KrF2
This compound decomposes when heating to room
temperature.The other halogens do not react with krypton.
Reaction of krypton with the water
Krypton does not react with water, but is slightly soluble;
approximately 59.4 cm3/kg at 20 °C (293 K)
10. PROPERTIES OF KrF2
KrF2 is a colourless crystalline solid that
is highly volatile and slowly decomposes
at room temperature. No other molecular
fluoride of krypton has been isolated, so
all krypton compounds are derived from
KrF2, where Kr is in the +2 oxidation
state. Krypton difluoride is a powerful
oxidative fluorinating agent.
11. KrF4, Square planar, nonpolar; Bond dipoles cancel.
KrF4 decomposes at room temperature very rapidly,
which is most likely why it does not occur in nature as it is
unstable at such temperatures, and is subsequently used as
an analytical tool to aid in the analysis of the
decomposition of other compounds. This is its only true
practical use.
Another compound of krypton is krF4
whose chemical equation is;
12. OCCURRENCE IN NATURE
The abundance of krypton in the
atmosphere is thought to be about
0.000108 to 0.000114 percent.
The element is also formed in the
Earth's crust when uranium and
other radioactive elements break
down.
The amount in the Earth's crust is too
small to estimate, however.
14. PRODUCTION OF KRYPTON
Krypton can be extracted by subjecting
liquefied air to fractional distillation and
removing carbon dioxide, nitrogen, water
vapor and oxygen from the resulting
residues of liquefied air.
15. ISOTOPES AND THEIR USES
The number of protons determines the element, but the number of neutrons
in the atom of any one element can vary. Each variation is an isotope.
Six naturally occurring isotopes of krypton exist. They are krypton-78,
krypton-80, krypton-82, krypton-83, krypton-84, and krypton-86.
A radioactive isotope is one that breaks apart and gives off some form of
radiation. Radioactive isotopes are produced when very small particles are
fired at atoms. These particles stick in the atoms and make them radioactive.
At least sixteen radioactive isotopes of krypton are known. In addition, about
thirty unstable isotopes and isomers are known with mass numbers ranging
from 69 to 101.
85Kr is an inert radioactive noble gas with a half-life of 10.76 years.
16.
17. USES OF RADIOACTIVE ISOTOPE
One radioactive isotope of krypton is used
commercially, krypton-85. It can be combined with
phosphors to produce materials that shine in the dark.
A phosphor is a material that shines when struck by
electrons. Radiation given off by krypton-85 strikes
the phosphor. The phosphor then gives off light. The
same isotope is also used for detecting leaks in a
container. The radioactive gas is placed inside the
container to be tested. Since the gas is inert, krypton
will not react with anything else in the container. But
if the container has a leak, some radioactive krypton-
85 will escape. The isotope can be detected with
special devices for detecting radiation.
18. MEDICAL USES
Krypton-85 is also used to study the flow of
blood in the human body. It is inhaled as a gas,
and then absorbed by the blood. It travels through
the bloodstream and the heart along with the
blood. Its pathway can be followed by a
technician who holds a detection device over the
patient's body. The device shows where the
radioactive material is going and how fast it is
moving. A doctor can determine whether this
behavior is normal or not.
19. COMMERCIAL USES
The only commercial uses of krypton are in
various kinds of lamps. When an electric current
is passed through krypton gas, it gives off a very
bright light. Perhaps the most common
application of this principle is in airport runway
lights. These lights are so bright that they can be
seen even in foggy conditions for distances up to
300 meters (1,000 feet). The lights do not burn
continuously. Instead, they send out very brief
pulses of light. The pulses last no more than
about 10 microseconds (10 millionths of a
second). They flash on and off about 40 times per
minute. Krypton is also used in slide and movie
projectors.
20. USE IN NEON LIGHTS
Krypton gas is also used in making
"neon" lights. Neon lights are colored
lights often used in advertising. They are
similar to fluorescent light bulbs. But they
give off a colored light because of the gas
they contain. Some neon lights do contain
the gas neon, but others contain other
noble gases. A neon light filled with
krypton, for example, glows yellow.
21. HEALTH EFFECTS
There is no evidence that krypton is
harmful to humans, animals, or plants.
It is a simple asphyxiant. (a substance that
can cause unconsciousness or death by
suffocation).
Inhaling large amounts causes
dizziness,nausea,vomiting,loss of
consciousness and death.
Intial symptons include rapid breathing
and gasping.