Provisioning Ecosystem Services of Likangala River Catchment in southern Malawi. Land use change. Paper Presented at Society of Southern African Geographer’s 10th Conference, East London, South Africa. 26-27 June 2014
•
1 like•583 views
Provisioning Ecosystem Services of Likangala River Catchment in southern Malawi. Land use change. Paper Presented at Society of Southern African Geographer’s 10th Conference, East London, South Africa. 26-27 June 2014.
Recommended
Recommended
More Related Content
What's hot
What's hot (18)
Viewers also liked
Viewers also liked (17)
Similar to Provisioning Ecosystem Services of Likangala River Catchment in southern Malawi. Land use change. Paper Presented at Society of Southern African Geographer’s 10th Conference, East London, South Africa. 26-27 June 2014
Similar to Provisioning Ecosystem Services of Likangala River Catchment in southern Malawi. Land use change. Paper Presented at Society of Southern African Geographer’s 10th Conference, East London, South Africa. 26-27 June 2014 (20)
More from Abundance (www.abundanceworldwide.org)
More from Abundance (www.abundanceworldwide.org) (14)
Recently uploaded
Recently uploaded (20)
Provisioning Ecosystem Services of Likangala River Catchment in southern Malawi. Land use change. Paper Presented at Society of Southern African Geographer’s 10th Conference, East London, South Africa. 26-27 June 2014
- 1. Land use/land cover change and implications for provisioning ecosystem services in the Likangala River Catchment, Malawi Deepa Pullanikkatil Lobina Palamuleni Tabukeli Ruhiiga North West University, Mafikeng Presented at Society of Southern African Geographer’s 10th Conference East London, South Africa 26-27 June 2014
- 2. Outline of Presentation • Introduction • Research questions • Objectives • Study area • Methodology • Results • Conclusions
- 3. Introduction • Land use and land cover change has implications for provisioning ecosystem services • But usually studied separately • Decisions on land use do not necessarily consider impacts on ES • This study – Likangala River, Southern Malawi
- 4. Past Studies • Jamu et al (2003) studied the land use change (1985, 1995) and breeding of fish Likangala river • Chavula et al (2007) on water quality of the river • Mulwafu (2003) on domestic water use • Peters (2004) on Likangala Irrigation scheme and • Mulwafu et al (2003) on conflicts and management of Likangala Irrigation scheme. • This study will fill the research gaps: – Recent land use mapping since Jamu et al (2003) – Provisioning ecosystems services in the Likangala catchment.
- 5. Research Questions 1. How has land use in Likangala Catchment changed over past years? 2. What are the provisioning Ecosystem Services found in Likangala Catchment?
- 6. Objective The objective of this study was to study land use change in Likangala catchment from 1985 to 2013, inventory provisioning ecosystem services and make recommendations for catchment management.
- 7. Study Area
- 8. Originates in Zomba Plateau 1
- 10. 3 Pollution – Zomba City
- 12. Domestic and Recreation 100 villages
- 14. Tobacco estates7
- 16. Ending in Lake Chilwa9 50km
- 17. Challenges • Deforestation • Sand mining • Cultivation in marginal land (slopes) • River bank cultivation • Wetland cultivation • Urban sprawl • Waste disposal into river
- 22. Methodology • Land use mapping – satellite images Landsat 5,8 The images were processed using Image Analyst Extension in ArcGIS 10.0 software and the various land cover types that were observed from the NDVI images, colour composites and field visits were classified into different classes depending on their spectral signatures. • Focus Group Discussions at 7 locations
- 23. Results
- 24. 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 1984 1994 2005 2013 Cultivation and grazing land 44% increase 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 1984 1994 2005 2013 Woodland 88.6% Decrease 0 5 10 15 20 25 1984 1994 2005 2013 Urban 143% increase 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 1984 1994 2005 2013 Wetland 81% Decrease SqKm
- 25. 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 1984 1994 2005 2013 Shrubs 16.7% Decrease 49.8% Decrease 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 1984 1994 2005 2013 Water 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 1984 1994 2005 2013 Estates SqKm 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 1984 1994 2005 2013 Rice Scheme
- 26. Ecosystems Services Cultural services cultural, intellectual and spiritual inspiration, recreational experiences (including ecotourism), scientific discovery Provisioning services food (including fish and game), crops, wild foods, and spices, water, minerals , pharmaceuticals, biochemicals, and industrial products, energy (hydropower, biomass fuels) Regulating services carbon sequestration and climate regulation, waste decomposition and detoxification, purification of water and air , crop pollination, pest and disease control Supporting services nutrient dispersal and cycling, seed dispersal, Primary production
- 29. 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 Cultivated area in 1000s of Hectares for Malawi (Source: FAOSTAT 2014)
- 31. Agriculture and ES Ecosystem services were negatively impacted due to agricultural expansion in – Australia (Sandhu et al., 2012) and – China (Feng et al., 2010) 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 1984 1994 2005 2013 Cultivation and grazing land 44% increase Power (2010) argues that maximizing provisioning services from agriculture may result in negative impacts on other ecosystem services such as • loss of wildlife habitat, • nutrient runoff, • sedimentation of waterways, • greenhouse gas emissions, and • pesticide poisoning of humans and non-target species.
- 32. Agriculture and ES Disservices from agriculture include – loss of habitats for biodiversity – Pesticide pollution and runoff of fertilizers affecting water quality Resulting in loss of species diversity and negative health implications for humans (Power, 2010). We need to manage tradeoffs to ecosystems services and minimize disservices.
- 33. Anecdotal Evidence “To grow fruits and vegetables we need to apply fertilizer more than before. In the past years people did not need to have fertilizer.” “These bush fires are caused deliberately when they hunt for small wild animal such as mice.” “Trees are now becoming scarce at the plateau. For making handicrafts we now get wood from Liwonde.” “Wild animals are now scarce than before. Deforestation has forced animals to runaway.”
- 34. Ecosystem services Non food • Wood for timber, Handicrafts, firewood, charcoal • Reeds – ropes, baskets, mats • Elephant grass - houses • Everlasting flowers • Semi precious stones • Sand, clay for bricks Food • Wild hare • Springbok, Antelope • Wild pigs, Grasshoppers • Birds • Fruits – strawberries, passion fruit, mulberry, black berry, mango, avocado, figs • Herbs, vegetables – rhubard, • Crabs, fish, crickets, frogs
- 35. Num Plant/tree (common name) Scientific name Part of plant used Medicinal use 1 Mtutumuko Croton megalobotrys To treat headaches 2 Mpoza Annona senegalensis To treat headaches 3 Bluegum Ecucalyptus spiciformis leaves To treat headaches 4 Acacia Acacia polyacantha leaves To treat headaches 5 Mkathankhuku Rubus ellipticus To treat headaches 6 Wild aloe vera Aloe vera leaves To treat stomach ache 7 Guava Psidium guajava leaves To treat stomach ache 8 Naphini Terminalia sericea leaves To treat stomach ache 9 Kachere/ Fig tree Ficus natalensis roots To treat stomach ache 10 Chamba (marijuana) Cannabis sativa leaves For promoting hair growth 13 Mpolowoni Steganotaenia aralicea Leaves, stem Aphrodisiac 14 Jam Physalis peruviana To treat coughs 15 Neem Azedirichita indica Antiseptic and used to treat body pain 17 Avocado Percia amaricanum Leaves (rich in iron) To treat anaemia 18 Linjere Leaves and roots To treat sore throat 22 Mwanamphepo Cirius intergrifolia To treat loss of appetite, improve digestion 25 Chamwamba/Morin ga Moringa oliefera Leaves Increase immunity especially those on anti-retro viral drugs 25 Mtutumuko Croton megalobotrys bark To treat cuts 26 Tsitsi la Amanda Asparagus africanum To treat fever in babies 27 Tatu Entada abyssinica Leaves To cure incessant menstruation
- 36. Anecdotal evidence • "Previously I used to find medicinal plants close to my house, now I have to walk far" • "Some medicinal plants are founf along river banks, but now people are farming there and so these plants are few"
- 37. Anecdotal evidence “ There has been shortage of sand because there has been high demand for sand to build town houses. This is due to high population.” “There is no fishing in the river because of sewage disposal from the hospital and rubbish disposal from house holds makes the river not an ideal habitat for fish breeding.” “ Land for forests has been used for farming and settlement.”
- 39. Drivers of Ecosystem change • Increasing population (demand for food, agric land, settlements) • Increasing urban sprawl (settlements, waste) • Increasing agriculture • Small industries • Tourism
- 40. Pressures on Ecosystem Human activities directly affecting ecosystem: • Waste disposal • Natural resources related economic activities – sand mining, brick making • Degrading agricultural practices – river bank cultivation, cultivation on slopes, deforestation for increasing cultivation area
- 41. State of Ecosystem • Decrease in woodlots by 119.83sqkm from 1984 to 2013 • Soil erosion (Jamu et al, 2003) • Water pollution (Chidya et al, 2011; Pullanikkatil et al, 2014) • Declining wild foods, animals, medicinal plants
- 42. Impact on Ecosystem • Increasing agricultural production for some crops, while declining for others • Negative health impacts of contaminated water – Cholera (DHO, Zomba) – 2000 People affected in 2012/13, 3 people died • Localised flooding – declining forest cover?
- 43. Responses • Afforestation – river banks • Energy needs – fuel efficient stoves, clean energy • Technologies such as Conservation Agriculture
- 44. Conclusion Strict buffers for river banks, zoning Illegal sand mining – to be addressed Address need for increasing cultivated land through – Irrigation, solar pumps – Winter cropping, drought resistant crops – Intensive agriculture methods • Waste management Land use planning must consider impacts on ecosystem services First step is to document and map Provisioning Ecosystem Services
- 45. Thank you