Diploma in Advance Construction Management
We live interacting with components on the earth, the our living planet which the life is depend on the sun may be many unknown elements in the Universe.
For study purpose we concern the environment as the place where we live and the interconnections among the environment and living beings.
Water Cycle, Carbon Cycle, Oxygen Cycle…etc,
Food Chains, Food Webs
Individual, Families/ Groups/ Flocks…, Community, Eco-systems, Areas, Zones, Biomes
Diploma. ii es unit 1 environment ecology and ecosystemRai University
The document discusses key concepts in environmental science including the components of the environment (abiotic and biotic), the four spheres that make up Earth's environment (atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere), and types of biological interactions (mutualism, commensalism, parasitism, etc.). It provides examples for each concept and explains how population growth, poverty, urbanization, and changing lifestyles can lead to environmental degradation through increased pollution, depletion of resources, and damage to ecosystems. Traditional methods of managing the environment are also outlined in comparison to modern practices.
B.tech. i es unit 1 environment ecology and ecosystemRai University
The document discusses the components and structure of the environment. It can be summarized as follows:
The environment has biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) components that interact. It is divided into four main spheres - the atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. The atmosphere provides gases essential for life. The lithosphere comprises rocks and soil. The hydrosphere contains Earth's water resources. The biosphere is the zone where living organisms exist, encompassing parts of the other spheres. Traditional societies lived in greater harmony with the environment, but modern human activities like population growth, urbanization, and industrialization have degraded the environment through pollution, overexploitation, and biodiversity loss
The document discusses environmental laws and policies in India. It outlines how the Department of Environment was established in 1980 and became the Ministry of Environment and Forests in 1985 after the Bhopal gas tragedy. It also summarizes the key types of environmental pollution in India like air, water, land, noise, and thermal pollution. The underlying causes of environmental degradation are identified as social factors like population and poverty, economic factors like market distortions, and institutional factors like lack of implementation of laws.
This chapter discusses natural resources and associated problems. It defines natural resources as environmental factors that fulfill human needs and improve lifestyle. Resources are classified as renewable like crops and forests, and non-renewable like fossil fuels and minerals. The chapter covers forest resources and the issues of deforestation and dams. It also discusses water resources, mineral resources, food resources, energy resources, land resources, and an individual's role in conservation. For each topic, it outlines uses, problems like depletion, and solutions like regulations and awareness.
Biology - Chp 6 - Humans In The Biosphere - PowerPointMel Anthony Pepito
This chapter discusses how human activities affect the biosphere and its resources. It covers topics like renewable and nonrenewable resources, including soil, forests, fisheries, air, and freshwater. It also addresses the importance of biodiversity and the threats it faces from habitat loss, pollution, invasive species, and more. The chapter explores the issues of ozone depletion and global climate change, and how understanding these problems helps chart a more sustainable course for managing the biosphere in the future.
Humans have brought Earth close to a biotic crisis by damaging the environment through various issues at the global, national, and local levels. These environmental problems have socio-economic and cultural impacts. The key issues include global warming, ozone layer depletion, acid rain, deforestation, loss of biodiversity, pollution, desertification, and waste disposal. While some environmental changes occurred naturally in the past, humans now have the potential to disrupt the entire global ecosystem if environmental damage is not addressed.
Environmental issues are any such issues created due to human activities and cause harm to the environment. Environmental issues are harmful effects of human activity on the biophysical environment.
They relate to the anthropogenic effects on the natural environment, which are loosely divided into causes, effects and mitigation, noting that effects are interconnected and can cause new effects.
Diploma. ii es unit 1 environment ecology and ecosystemRai University
The document discusses key concepts in environmental science including the components of the environment (abiotic and biotic), the four spheres that make up Earth's environment (atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere), and types of biological interactions (mutualism, commensalism, parasitism, etc.). It provides examples for each concept and explains how population growth, poverty, urbanization, and changing lifestyles can lead to environmental degradation through increased pollution, depletion of resources, and damage to ecosystems. Traditional methods of managing the environment are also outlined in comparison to modern practices.
B.tech. i es unit 1 environment ecology and ecosystemRai University
The document discusses the components and structure of the environment. It can be summarized as follows:
The environment has biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) components that interact. It is divided into four main spheres - the atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. The atmosphere provides gases essential for life. The lithosphere comprises rocks and soil. The hydrosphere contains Earth's water resources. The biosphere is the zone where living organisms exist, encompassing parts of the other spheres. Traditional societies lived in greater harmony with the environment, but modern human activities like population growth, urbanization, and industrialization have degraded the environment through pollution, overexploitation, and biodiversity loss
The document discusses environmental laws and policies in India. It outlines how the Department of Environment was established in 1980 and became the Ministry of Environment and Forests in 1985 after the Bhopal gas tragedy. It also summarizes the key types of environmental pollution in India like air, water, land, noise, and thermal pollution. The underlying causes of environmental degradation are identified as social factors like population and poverty, economic factors like market distortions, and institutional factors like lack of implementation of laws.
This chapter discusses natural resources and associated problems. It defines natural resources as environmental factors that fulfill human needs and improve lifestyle. Resources are classified as renewable like crops and forests, and non-renewable like fossil fuels and minerals. The chapter covers forest resources and the issues of deforestation and dams. It also discusses water resources, mineral resources, food resources, energy resources, land resources, and an individual's role in conservation. For each topic, it outlines uses, problems like depletion, and solutions like regulations and awareness.
Biology - Chp 6 - Humans In The Biosphere - PowerPointMel Anthony Pepito
This chapter discusses how human activities affect the biosphere and its resources. It covers topics like renewable and nonrenewable resources, including soil, forests, fisheries, air, and freshwater. It also addresses the importance of biodiversity and the threats it faces from habitat loss, pollution, invasive species, and more. The chapter explores the issues of ozone depletion and global climate change, and how understanding these problems helps chart a more sustainable course for managing the biosphere in the future.
Humans have brought Earth close to a biotic crisis by damaging the environment through various issues at the global, national, and local levels. These environmental problems have socio-economic and cultural impacts. The key issues include global warming, ozone layer depletion, acid rain, deforestation, loss of biodiversity, pollution, desertification, and waste disposal. While some environmental changes occurred naturally in the past, humans now have the potential to disrupt the entire global ecosystem if environmental damage is not addressed.
Environmental issues are any such issues created due to human activities and cause harm to the environment. Environmental issues are harmful effects of human activity on the biophysical environment.
They relate to the anthropogenic effects on the natural environment, which are loosely divided into causes, effects and mitigation, noting that effects are interconnected and can cause new effects.
Content:
Greenhouse effect: Effects
Global Warming & Climate Change: causes and impact
Air Quality Standard
Ambient Air Quality Standard: effects of poor air quality
Steps taken to control Air Pollution by Indian Government
Climate Change Case Study in Uttarakhand, India
The Iron Catastrophe around 4.5 billion years ago was one of the most crucial events in Earth's formation. As the hot young planet cooled, elements like iron began moving toward the center and formed the first core. The temperatures were so high - around 1,538°C - that iron melted. Some elements like silicates and water remained near the surface while others like iron and nickel sank toward the core. Today Earth's core is still molten compared to the outer geological layers.
Prof Graham Mills - The Fate of Pharmaceutical Residues in the Aquatic Enviro...onthewight
Professor Graham Mills presented his talk "The Fate of Pharmaceutical Residues in the Aquatic Environment"
A full background of what contaminates water, from Pharmacology and Agriculture. People passing medicines they have taken or disposing of them by throwing them down the toilet are causing major changes to fish and other water dwelling creatures.
- October 2014 - Cafe Scientifique Isle of Wight
This document provides an overview of the topics that will be covered in a presentation about the natural environment. It includes introductions to air, water, ecosystems and ground, and energy. For air, it discusses the composition of the atmosphere and layers, ozone layer, air pollution sources from human and natural activities, and effects on health and climate. For water, it describes the water cycle and sources of pollution. It discusses ecosystem dangers like deforestation and how to help protect them. It also introduces different energy sources like fossil fuels, renewable energy sources, and how to save energy. The document aims to educate the audience on key aspects of the natural world and sustainability.
Environmental science studies environmental problems and human impacts on the environment using various academic fields. Environmental health focuses on relationships between people and their environment to promote human well-being. Environmental sanitation aims to reduce disease exposure through clean living conditions. It breaks disease cycles and protects public health. Natural resources include renewable resources that replenish and nonrenewable resources that do not replenish or take long to renew. Careless consumption can lead to deforestation, desertification, species extinction, and resource depletion. Forest, water, mineral, food, energy, and land resources and their conservation are discussed.
This document discusses different types of pollution including soil, marine, noise, and thermal pollution. It provides details on the causes and effects of each type. For soil pollution, it describes the different layers of soil and how pollution can degrade the soil through erosion, excessive farming, and dumping of wastes. For marine pollution, it identifies sources such as land runoff, air, and oil spills and their effects on sea life, birds, and humans. Noise pollution sources mentioned include road traffic, air traffic, railways, industry, and construction equipment. Bioremediation techniques for treating soil pollution are also summarized.
The document discusses various topics related to conservation of natural resources including land, soil, and water. It defines key concepts like landforms, deforestation, and soil degradation. It describes techniques for land conservation like preservation, restoration, remediation, and mitigation. The ecological and economic importance of soil is explained, along with causes and effects of soil degradation. Sustainable land use planning and its role in achieving sustainability development goals is also summarized. The need for soil conservation to ensure food security and environmental protection is highlighted.
This document summarizes the findings from a community-based assessment of climate change impacts and adaptation strategies in Kharbet Al-Hadeed, Jordan. The assessment identified changes in climate indicators according to community members, as well as effects on agriculture, water resources, and socioeconomics. Using participatory methods, the community proposed adaptation measures in the areas of agriculture, water, environment, health, and socioeconomics. These included cultivating drought-resistant crops, improving irrigation, and raising awareness. Based on the assessment, a climate change adaptation plan and funded energy/irrigation project were developed to help the community address the effects of climate change.
This document discusses different types of environmental pollution and their causes and effects, as well as solutions. It covers three main types of pollution: land, water, and air pollution. Land pollution stems from waste disposal, pesticides, mining, and urbanization. Water pollution comes from waste water, agriculture, oil, and river dumping. Air pollution is caused by vehicle and factory emissions, wildfires, and warfare. Global warming and the greenhouse effect are explained, noting the gases involved and consequences like rising temperatures, extreme weather, and habitat damage. Individual actions to reduce pollution and global warming are suggested like using less energy and driving less.
Renewable energy sources such as solar, wind and hydro rely on natural flows and can be replenished. Non-renewable sources like coal, oil and gas were created over long periods and have limited supplies that will eventually be exhausted. Geothermal plants use underground steam to generate electricity while solar energy helps maintain ecological balance through photosynthesis. Conservation of resources requires reducing consumption, recycling materials, and reusing items to lessen environmental impacts.
Climate change is causing more extreme weather events like heavy rainfall, droughts, floods and hurricanes. It is also causing changes in temperature, humidity, wind and seasonal patterns. Climate change has both natural causes like changes in solar activity and volcanoes, as well as man-made causes from pollution, deforestation, and greenhouse gas emissions. The impacts of climate change include effects on geology, natural resources, humans, and aquatic life. The poor, coastal and river communities, elderly, women and children are most vulnerable. Mitigation strategies include reducing pollution and greenhouse gases while adaptation requires building infrastructure and institutions, conserving resources, and preparing communities for extreme weather.
This document provides an introduction to environmental chemistry, including:
1) It defines environmental chemistry as the study of chemical and biochemical phenomena that occur in nature, and discusses the multidisciplinary nature of the field.
2) It describes different components of the environment - atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, biosphere - and their importance.
3) It defines key concepts like pollution, pollutants, contaminants, receptors, sinks, and classifies pollutants as global, regional, local, persistent and non-persistent.
Human activities that affect natural ecosystems RONAK SUTARIYA
This document discusses various human impacts on the environment including population growth, deforestation, pollution, waste production, and resource depletion. It notes that industrialization and burning fossil fuels increases air and water pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. Deforestation reduces forests and biodiversity while pollution degrades air, water, and land quality. The depletion of natural resources also affects the environment if not managed sustainably. Climate change brought on by these factors threatens ecosystems and species survival.
The document discusses various natural resources like water, minerals, food, land, and energy. It provides information on the classification, threats, and conservation methods for each resource. The key natural resources are defined as materials or substances occurring in nature and used by living organisms. The document outlines causes of depletion or pollution for each resource and suggests measures to conserve them, like reducing waste, implementing sustainable farming and mining practices, and increasing renewable energy use.
In this PPT you will learn about Marine Pollution. Kindly Go through the PPT.
Contents:-
Marine Pollution / Ocean Pollution
Causes of Marine / Ocean Pollution
Effects of ocean pollution
Global Initiatives
International conventions
Greenpeace
How to prevent Ocean pollution?
The oceans cover over 70% of the globe. Its health, wellbeing of humanity and the living environment that sustains us all are inextricably linked. Yet neglect of ocean acidification, climate change, polluting activities and over-exploitation of marine resources have made oceans, one of the earth’s most threatened ecosystems.
Marine pollution, also known as ocean pollution, is the spreading of harmful substances such as oil, plastic, industrial and agricultural waste and chemical particles into the ocean.
Environmental science is the interdisciplinary study of how humans interact with their environment. It includes both the scientific and social aspects of human impacts on the natural world. The environment includes all living and non-living things that surround us, from other organisms to the built structures of human civilization. Environmental science draws from fields like biology, chemistry, physics, economics and sociology to understand complex environmental problems and develop sustainable solutions. Some of the major challenges we currently face are depletion of natural resources, climate change, and loss of biodiversity due to human activities.
The document discusses ecosystem services and provides several examples. It defines ecosystem services as benefits that people derive from ecosystems. The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment identified four categories of services: provisioning, regulating, cultural, and supporting. Examples of services from various ecosystems are given, including forests, wetlands, rivers, reservoirs, and marine systems. The document emphasizes that many ecosystem services are often undervalued in decision making despite their importance to human well-being.
Discover the latest insights on Data Driven Maintenance with our comprehensive webinar presentation. Learn about traditional maintenance challenges, the right approach to utilizing data, and the benefits of adopting a Data Driven Maintenance strategy. Explore real-world examples, industry best practices, and innovative solutions like FMECA and the D3M model. This presentation, led by expert Jules Oudmans, is essential for asset owners looking to optimize their maintenance processes and leverage digital technologies for improved efficiency and performance. Download now to stay ahead in the evolving maintenance landscape.
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Content:
Greenhouse effect: Effects
Global Warming & Climate Change: causes and impact
Air Quality Standard
Ambient Air Quality Standard: effects of poor air quality
Steps taken to control Air Pollution by Indian Government
Climate Change Case Study in Uttarakhand, India
The Iron Catastrophe around 4.5 billion years ago was one of the most crucial events in Earth's formation. As the hot young planet cooled, elements like iron began moving toward the center and formed the first core. The temperatures were so high - around 1,538°C - that iron melted. Some elements like silicates and water remained near the surface while others like iron and nickel sank toward the core. Today Earth's core is still molten compared to the outer geological layers.
Prof Graham Mills - The Fate of Pharmaceutical Residues in the Aquatic Enviro...onthewight
Professor Graham Mills presented his talk "The Fate of Pharmaceutical Residues in the Aquatic Environment"
A full background of what contaminates water, from Pharmacology and Agriculture. People passing medicines they have taken or disposing of them by throwing them down the toilet are causing major changes to fish and other water dwelling creatures.
- October 2014 - Cafe Scientifique Isle of Wight
This document provides an overview of the topics that will be covered in a presentation about the natural environment. It includes introductions to air, water, ecosystems and ground, and energy. For air, it discusses the composition of the atmosphere and layers, ozone layer, air pollution sources from human and natural activities, and effects on health and climate. For water, it describes the water cycle and sources of pollution. It discusses ecosystem dangers like deforestation and how to help protect them. It also introduces different energy sources like fossil fuels, renewable energy sources, and how to save energy. The document aims to educate the audience on key aspects of the natural world and sustainability.
Environmental science studies environmental problems and human impacts on the environment using various academic fields. Environmental health focuses on relationships between people and their environment to promote human well-being. Environmental sanitation aims to reduce disease exposure through clean living conditions. It breaks disease cycles and protects public health. Natural resources include renewable resources that replenish and nonrenewable resources that do not replenish or take long to renew. Careless consumption can lead to deforestation, desertification, species extinction, and resource depletion. Forest, water, mineral, food, energy, and land resources and their conservation are discussed.
This document discusses different types of pollution including soil, marine, noise, and thermal pollution. It provides details on the causes and effects of each type. For soil pollution, it describes the different layers of soil and how pollution can degrade the soil through erosion, excessive farming, and dumping of wastes. For marine pollution, it identifies sources such as land runoff, air, and oil spills and their effects on sea life, birds, and humans. Noise pollution sources mentioned include road traffic, air traffic, railways, industry, and construction equipment. Bioremediation techniques for treating soil pollution are also summarized.
The document discusses various topics related to conservation of natural resources including land, soil, and water. It defines key concepts like landforms, deforestation, and soil degradation. It describes techniques for land conservation like preservation, restoration, remediation, and mitigation. The ecological and economic importance of soil is explained, along with causes and effects of soil degradation. Sustainable land use planning and its role in achieving sustainability development goals is also summarized. The need for soil conservation to ensure food security and environmental protection is highlighted.
This document summarizes the findings from a community-based assessment of climate change impacts and adaptation strategies in Kharbet Al-Hadeed, Jordan. The assessment identified changes in climate indicators according to community members, as well as effects on agriculture, water resources, and socioeconomics. Using participatory methods, the community proposed adaptation measures in the areas of agriculture, water, environment, health, and socioeconomics. These included cultivating drought-resistant crops, improving irrigation, and raising awareness. Based on the assessment, a climate change adaptation plan and funded energy/irrigation project were developed to help the community address the effects of climate change.
This document discusses different types of environmental pollution and their causes and effects, as well as solutions. It covers three main types of pollution: land, water, and air pollution. Land pollution stems from waste disposal, pesticides, mining, and urbanization. Water pollution comes from waste water, agriculture, oil, and river dumping. Air pollution is caused by vehicle and factory emissions, wildfires, and warfare. Global warming and the greenhouse effect are explained, noting the gases involved and consequences like rising temperatures, extreme weather, and habitat damage. Individual actions to reduce pollution and global warming are suggested like using less energy and driving less.
Renewable energy sources such as solar, wind and hydro rely on natural flows and can be replenished. Non-renewable sources like coal, oil and gas were created over long periods and have limited supplies that will eventually be exhausted. Geothermal plants use underground steam to generate electricity while solar energy helps maintain ecological balance through photosynthesis. Conservation of resources requires reducing consumption, recycling materials, and reusing items to lessen environmental impacts.
Climate change is causing more extreme weather events like heavy rainfall, droughts, floods and hurricanes. It is also causing changes in temperature, humidity, wind and seasonal patterns. Climate change has both natural causes like changes in solar activity and volcanoes, as well as man-made causes from pollution, deforestation, and greenhouse gas emissions. The impacts of climate change include effects on geology, natural resources, humans, and aquatic life. The poor, coastal and river communities, elderly, women and children are most vulnerable. Mitigation strategies include reducing pollution and greenhouse gases while adaptation requires building infrastructure and institutions, conserving resources, and preparing communities for extreme weather.
This document provides an introduction to environmental chemistry, including:
1) It defines environmental chemistry as the study of chemical and biochemical phenomena that occur in nature, and discusses the multidisciplinary nature of the field.
2) It describes different components of the environment - atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, biosphere - and their importance.
3) It defines key concepts like pollution, pollutants, contaminants, receptors, sinks, and classifies pollutants as global, regional, local, persistent and non-persistent.
Human activities that affect natural ecosystems RONAK SUTARIYA
This document discusses various human impacts on the environment including population growth, deforestation, pollution, waste production, and resource depletion. It notes that industrialization and burning fossil fuels increases air and water pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. Deforestation reduces forests and biodiversity while pollution degrades air, water, and land quality. The depletion of natural resources also affects the environment if not managed sustainably. Climate change brought on by these factors threatens ecosystems and species survival.
The document discusses various natural resources like water, minerals, food, land, and energy. It provides information on the classification, threats, and conservation methods for each resource. The key natural resources are defined as materials or substances occurring in nature and used by living organisms. The document outlines causes of depletion or pollution for each resource and suggests measures to conserve them, like reducing waste, implementing sustainable farming and mining practices, and increasing renewable energy use.
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Contents:-
Marine Pollution / Ocean Pollution
Causes of Marine / Ocean Pollution
Effects of ocean pollution
Global Initiatives
International conventions
Greenpeace
How to prevent Ocean pollution?
The oceans cover over 70% of the globe. Its health, wellbeing of humanity and the living environment that sustains us all are inextricably linked. Yet neglect of ocean acidification, climate change, polluting activities and over-exploitation of marine resources have made oceans, one of the earth’s most threatened ecosystems.
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2. Environment
We live interacting with components on the earth, the our living planet
which the life is depend on the sun may be many unknown elements in
the Universe.
For study purpose we concern the environment as the place where
we live and the interconnections among the environment and living
beings.
6. Resources are limited
The cycles in nature
ensure the continuous
supplying of
renewable resources
Environmental Services
Water , Minerals, Oxygen,
CO2, --------
9. Definition
The variability among living organisms from all
sources, including terrestrial, marine and
other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological
complexes of which they are part. This
includes diversity WITHIN SPECIES,
BETWEEN SPECIES and ECOSYSTEMS
9
14. Possible Impacts to the Eco System during
execution of Construction activities
• Soil Erosion (earth works)
• Dust (Vehicle movement)
• contamination to the water (Fuel Lubricants, sewer, wastewater, soil)
• Emissions to the Air (vehicles and machineries)
• Land degradation (clearing and grubbing/ waste disposal)
• Ground water pollution and impacts (Earth works/Chemicals)
• Noise and Vibration (Machineries vehicles)
• Habitat loss (Land Clearing)
15. Atmosphere (Air)
• Located surrounded the Planet and 99% within 30 Km
• Air Composition
• N – 78%, O2 – 21%, A – 0.9 %, CO2 – 0.03%
15
16. Main air pollutants and impacts
Pollutant Main anthropogenic source Human impact
Particles Industrial reactions and fuel burning Damage to respiratory system/heart prolems)
SO2 Fuel burning and Industrial reactions Damage to lung functionality in respiratory system,
Asthma
CO Transportation and Burning of agricultural
materials
Blood poisoning and damages to mental control
actions.
NO2 Transportation (vehicle) and fuel burning Poisoning respiratory system, damages to
functionality, lethal to animals
O3 Pollutants from reactions of Sunlight, NO2 and
O2
Poisoning respiratory system, damages to
functionality and weakness
HC Vehicle reactions, Evaporation of organic
materials, Burning of agri materials
Damages to saliva tissues
17. Air pollution caused by construction industry
17
• Machineries /Equipment- Dust /Emissions
• Vehicle transportation/Dust and emissions
• General Wastes
• Encroachment / clearing grubbing -Dust
• Noise and Vibration
18. Water
• Water cycle
• Water balance
• Precipitation (land+108, ocean+409,)
• Evaporation (land-62, ocean -455)
• Land (62)
• Water type - Air – atmosphere; Land – river, lakes,
reservoirs; Soil – soil water; Ground – under ground;
Ocean
• Global water distribution
a. Ocean (97.2%) & Land (2.80%)
b. Land – Glacial (2.15%) & Ground Water (0.62%) &
Surface (0.03%)
c. Surface – Lakes (0.009%) & Inland reservoirs
(0.008%) & Soil (0.005%) & Air (0.001%) &
River/Streams (0.0001%)
18
20. Industrial Water consumption
• For produce Iron 1 ton – 780,000 L
• For produce Cotton 1 ton – 175,000 L
• For produce Aluminum 1 ton – 130,000 L
• For produce Paper 1 ton – 72,000 L
• For produce Beer 1 L – 60,000 L
20
Ocean
currents
21. 21
Tropical rain forests
◦ Tropical forests less
than 10% land
coverage, but more
than 50% of lives
◦ 50 Ac per minute, 3
times than Switzerland
size per annual
◦ To protect soil, provide
oxygen, produce
protein, control air
pollution, to maintain
water cycle, minimize
temperature, for all
biota
24. Land degradation
• Fuel issue – per person 250 Kg timber per year needs (250 sq m needs per person per year)
• Rural agriculture–supply for increasing population
• Commercial commodities/ agri business – Large areas being converted, supply for increasing
population
• Livestock and desertification – Uncontrolled grazing, grasslands/dry areas become deserts,
cascade trigger factors
• Impact on long term climate change – depletion of tropical forests and changes in climatic cycles
• Increasing disaster – increase number of disasters, magnitude and changing the face
• Saline – Agriculture impacts, Ground water impacts, Sea water intrusion
• Garbage, Solid Waste, Industrial waste, Agri waste – poisoning, land and water pollution,
depletion/ unsuitable,/ less fertile, mineralization,
• Nuclear waste – Radioactive wastes, accidents create killing, disabilities, cancers…
24
25. Poverty and issues in developing counties
• Changed sustainable patterns and forced
westernization
• Developed counties used raw materials/resources
from developing countries and envi. degradation
• Urbanization and consumption type and rate
• Poverty & third world countries (gap – developed and
developing) – majority used higher percentage of
resources
• Development indicators – by World Bank; per capita
income – lower less than 675, middle 676 – 8355,
higher – more than 8356
25
26. Global Environmental Issues
• Loss of bio diversity
• Rapid Extinction of spp
• Collapse of fisheries
• Rising air and water pollution
• Rise in atmospherics temperature
• Thinning of Ozone layer
• Spoiling rivers seas and underground resources
27. Sri Lanka
• 64 % of the water
goes to 103 rivers
• Dry zone – from total
rainfall 10% - 15%
goes to 87 rivers
• Wet zone – from total
rainfall 85% goes to
16 rivers
27
28. Protected Areas in Sri Lanka
• Under Forest Conservation Department
• Strict Nature Reserves, Forest Reserves, Proposed
Reserves…etc,
• Under Wildlife Conservation Department
• Sanctuaries, National Parks,
• Botanical Gardens, Zoological Gardens,
Orphanages , Gene Banks, Research
Institutions…etc
In-situ Conservation Areas
Ex-situ Conservation Areas
28
33. Common Environmental Challenges in Sri Lanka
• Improper Land Use Planning
• Depreciation of Forest Cover
(Deforestation)
• Land Degradation ( Soil Erosion, River
Sedimentation; Desertification)
• Scarcity of Drinking Water
• Environmental Pollution (Air, Water & Soil
)
• Loss of Biodiversity ( Degradation and loss
of Habitats )
• Ozone Layer Depletion
• Green House Gas Emission and Climate
Change
• Environmental & Natural Disaster
• Lack of Proper Recognition of
Environmental Values in Environmental
Accounting
• Increasing threat to endangered species
•Encroachment of Critical Areas
•Unsustainable Management of Natural
Resources
•Unsustainable Development Activities
(Unsuitable Agriculture Expansion and
Settlements)
•Exploitation of sea coral reef and inland earth
mining.
•Uncontrolled Mining of Sand and other
Minerals
•Spread of Alien/ Invasive Species
•Introduction of Genetically Modified Organisms
•Solid, Hazardous and Industrial Waste
generation
•Health Hazards Related to Environment
Pollution.
•Wildlife Depletion
•Coastal Erosion
33
34. Environmental Institutions;
Government, INGOs, NGOs, CBOs
Ministry of Environment – Implementation Agencies
Gem and Jewellery Research and Training Institute
Central Environmental Authority
Department of Forest Conservation
Geological Survey and Mines Bureau (GSMB)
Marine Pollution Prevention Authority
National Gem and Jewellery Authority
State Timber Corporation 34
35. Other Environmental related Institutions
• Department of Wildlife Conservation
• Department of National Botanical Gardens
• Department of National Zoological Gardens
• Coast Conservation Department
• Irrigation Department
• Department of National Museum
• Department of Survey
• Department of Police
• Department of Agriculture
• Disaster Management Ministry
• Department of Customs
• Department of Fisheries & Aquatic Resources
• Ministry of Finance ,
• State Universities
• Private Research Organizations
E
N
V
I
R
O
N
M
E
N
T
A
L
35
37. CEA
• The Central Environmental Authority (CEA) was established in
August 1981 under the provision of the National Environmental Act
No:47 of 1980.
• The Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources (ME&NR) which
was established in December 2001 has the overall responsibility in
the affairs of the CEA with the objective of integrating
environmental considerations in the development process of the
country.
• The CEA was given wider regulatory powers under the National
Environment (Amendment) Acts No:56 of 1988 and No:53 of 2000.
37
38. Functions of CEA
• Environmental Pollution Control Division
o Pollution Control Unit
o Waste Management Unit
o Laboratory Services Unit
• Environmental Management & Assessment Division
o Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Unit
o Natural Resources Management and Monitoring Unit
o Research & Special Project Unit
• Environmental Education Awareness Division
o School Environment Programmes
o Other Programmes
• National Environment Information Centre
o Services, Databases, Special Collection, International Coordination, Member Library
Networks
• HRD, Admin & Finance Division
• Legal Division
o Enforcing the National Environmental Act (NEA) through litigation process and with the
assistance of the Enforcement Unit headed by an Assistant Superintendent of Police
o Planning & Monitoring Unit
To ensure that the operations of the CEA produce sustainable results that contribute to
achievement of objectives of establishing the CEA
• Internal Audit Unit
38
39. Environment related Important Days and Events
• February 2nd - World Wetlands Day
• March 22nd - World Water Day
• March 23rd - World Meteorological Day
• April 7th - World Health Day
• April 22nd - World Earth Day
• May 22nd - International Day for Biodiversity
• June 5th - World Environmental Day
• June 17th - World Day to Combat Desertification & Droughts
• July 11th - World Population Day
• August 9th - International Day of the World's Indigenous People
• September 16th - International Day for the Preservation of the Ozone Layer
• 1st Monday of October - World Habitat Day
• 2nd Wednesday of October - International Day for Natural Disaster Reduction
• October 4th - World Animal Day
• September 15th - National Tree Planting Day
• December 11th - International Mountain Day
39
43. consequences
• Skin cancer
• Reduced harvest
• Effects on immunity system
• Destroy eggs of fish and amphibians
• Loss bio diversity
• Effect on genes
• Atmospheric heating
• Climatic change
48. • How it affects to human?
More than 100million people plunged
into poverty every year due to
catastrophic medical bills.
Margret Chan
Director General (WHO)
49. What is Your wealth ?
Health is your greatest Wealth
50. • What you breath
• What you drink
• What you eat
• What you think
Hippocrates - Your health
your living
environment matters
your health
64. WASTE MANAGEMENT HIERARCHY
Elimination
Source
reduction
Recycling
Treatment
Disposal
Complete elimination of waste
Avoidance, reduction or elimination of waste, generally within
the confines of the production unit, through changes in
industrial processes or procedures
Use, reuse and recycling of wastes for the original or some
other purpose such as input material, materials recovery or
energy production
The destruction, detoxification, neutralization etc. of wastes
into less harmful substances
The discharge of waste to air, water or land in properly
controlled or safe ways such that compliance is achieved;
secure land disposal may involve volume reduction,
encapsulation, leachate containment and monitoring techniqu
66. CONTAMINANTS IN WASTEWATER
CONTAMINANT REASONS FOR IMPORTANCE
Suspended solids
Biodeg. Organics
Pathogens
Nutrients
Hazardous cpds.
Refractory organic
Heavy metals
Dissolved inorganic
Colour and foam
Heat
Sludge deposits, anaerobic conditions, odour,
low sunlight penetration
Depletion of DO, septic conditions
Communicable diseases
Eutrophication, toxic, add taste, plug filter
Carcinogen, teratogen, mutagen, toxic
Persistence (e.g. surfactants, phenols,
pesticides etc.)
Persistence, toxic, bioaccumulating
Scaling, taste etc.
Aesthetically objectionable, reduce light
penetration, lower DO
Rapid DO depletion due to reaction, low DO
dissolution, blue-green algae
67. Wastewater discharge standards
Regulation No 1534/18 of
15.08.2008
Type of Discharge Point
-Inland Surfacwaters
-Irrigation Purpose
-Marine CoastalAreas
CentralTreatmentPlants
81. Air Pollution - impacts
• 500,000 pre-mature deaths / year
• High risk of Asthma attacks
• Children with low IQ
• Heart ailments
• Acid rain – effect on forests, water bodies
• Damage to archaeological sites
97. Air Quality Regulations
Only for ambient air quality
Not for Industrial/Stack emissions
Regulation No 1562/22 of 15.08.2008
Particulate matter
PM10 annual 50 24hours 100 (ugm-3)
PM25 annual 25 24 hours 50 (ugm-3)
NO2 24hs 100 8hs 150 1h 250
(ugm-3)
SO2 24hs 80 8hs 120 1h
200 (ugm-3)
O3 1h 200 (ugm-3)
CO 8hs 10000 1h 30000 any 58000(ugm-
3)
98. Noise Regulations
Regulations only for industrial noise
No any regulations for community noise
Regulation No 924/12 of 23.05.1996
day time night time
Low noise 55 45 dB(A)
Medium 63 50
High 70 60
Silent 50 45
99. Vibration and Air Blast Over Pressure
No any regulations gazette for industrial vibration
and air blast pressure
Interim Standards Established for blasting
operations
Single blasting operations
Ground vibration- max, 4 mm/s
Air blast over pressure-max,115 dB(Llinear peak)
Multi blasting operations
Ground vibration- max, 5 mm/s
Air blast over pressure-max,120 dB(Llinear peak)
107. • Five to Seven Million Chemicals
Known in the world.
• 75,000 new chemicals
• 400 million tons of chemicals
produced per year
• 40-60 chemicals takes a Person daily
Tuesday, September 13, 2022 International Center for Environmental Education 107
interesting
108. Sri Lanka
• High Bio Diversity
• Rich natural beauty
• Pure water
• Fertile soil
• Great History /Culture
109. Roll of the CEA-Environmental and
Economic Sustainability
110. Main threats to surface and ground water …..
Municipal Solid waste -3R and final Disposal ?
112. Facility for Chemical management ?
• Incinerator?
• Sanitary land fill ?
Sludge from chemical treatments
Expired chemicals, wastes from chemical
accidents, laboratory chemicals ?
119. The methods of Control
• EPL - for prescribed projects (cover 138
types of industries)
• EIA - mega development projects gazeted.
120. Waste Water Discharge Standards
• Tolerance limits for the discharge of Industrial waste into Inland Surface waters.
• Tolerance limits for Industrial waste Discharged on land for irrigation Purposes.
• Tolerance limits for Industrial and Domestic waste Discharged into Marine Coastal
Areas.
• Tolerance limits for waste from Rubber Factories being Discharged into Inland
Surface waters.
• Tolerance limits for waste from Textile Factories being Discharged into Inland
Surface Waters.
• Tolerance limits for waste from being Discharged from Tanning Industries.
• Tolerance limits for discharged of effluents into public Sewers with Central
Treatment Plants.
121. Problems/Loopholes
• EPL - not a total solution for pollution control
Eg : pesticide, domestic
• No facility to detect pollution (Toxic)
• Facilitation of industries for waste management
• Lack of monitoring
• expertise – Experienced/ trained officers
• POOR enforcement OF law –around 75% are
adhere with EPL.
122. Water Scarcity in Sri Lanka..?
Sri Lanka is a country having adequate pure water but....still there water
scarcity
• Pollution (industrial/Domestic/development)
Terrestrial Activities by Human due to lack of proper practices for
• Catchment activity management
• Solid waste management (industrial and Domestic)
• Sewer network with Central Treatment
• Sanitary land filling for hazardous waste
• Chemical management
123. Needs
• Central wastewater treatment facilities
• Promote to recycle/reuse
• Reuse for irrigation of treated wastewater.
• Rain water harvesting / renovation of lakes irrigation systems
• Protection of cathments
129. Considerations at site
Recommendations
• waste disposal
• Compatibility with land use planning
• Access TO THE LAND
• SOCIAL IMPACTS
• Sensitivity of the land
• Other Authorities approvals
• Land ownership
131. wastewater
• Space available for Treatment facility
• Discharge point
Standards
Inland surface waters
Irrigation
Reuse and recycle
Discharge to marine coastal waters
Sea out fall
Sewer net work
132. Environmental
Protection and
Management
2 main tools implemented
i. Environmental Impact Assessment
Procedure (EIA) (For Major Projects)
ii. Environmental Protection Licensing (EPL)
Procedure for Industries/Activities)
133. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
Specify project
Approving
Agencies
Specify
prescribed
Projects
EIA
Regulations
No. 772/22 of 23.06.1993 and its amendments, No
859/14 0f 23.02.1995 and No 1104/22 0f 05.11.1999
134. How to identify prescribed projects?
• Scale or magnitude of the project
• E.g.. A hotel with more than 99 rooms
• Sensitivity of the location
• E.g.. A hotel with 5 rooms in a sensitive area
• Sensitive areas are specified in the regulations
135. EIA Procedure
• Basic Information Questioner from CEA
• Submit BIQ to the CEA by developer
• Evaluation of the application
• If the project is prescribed, need approval
• Payments of administration fee
• Scoping meeting and site inspection
• Nominate project approving agency (PAA)
• Issue terms of reference (TOR) by PAA
• Submit EIAR prepared by consultant/s
• Technical committee
• Comments and necessary amendments if any
• Issue EIA approval
136. • According to 23A of NEA
“No person shall discharge, deposit or emit waste into
the environment which will cause pollution” except.
(a) Under the authority of a licence issued by
the Authority (CEA)
(b) In accordance with such standards and other
criteria as may be prescribed under this Act.
137. 1990 - Regulations gazetted in relation to EPL and
Waste Water Discharge Standards.
Gazette Extraordinary No. 595/16
dated 1990 February 02.
2000 - NEA Amended to Prescribe the EPL Requiring
Activities – Amendment Act No. 53.
• Gazette Extraordinary No. 1159/22 dated
2000 November 22
• Gazette Extraordinary No. 1533/16 dated
2008 January 25.
138. The Environmental Protection Licence (EPL)
• The EPL issued to prescribed activity will stipulate the standards and criteria
under which such an activity is allowed to discharge their wastes
• The EPL issued to a prescribed activity is legally binding on such activities.
• The violation of the conditions in the EPL is an offence punishable under the
provisions of NEA.