Epidemiology, prevention and control of road traffic accidentsDr.Hemant Kumar
Road Traffic Accidents(RTAs)are Major Global Health problems and 8th leading cause of death leading to more than 1.2 million deaths and 20-50 million injuries annually.While the situation in many countries in now improving, India still holds the dubious distinction of being only country who faces more than 14 fatalities and 53 injuries every hour due to RTA.
Epidemiology, prevention and control of road traffic accidentsDr.Hemant Kumar
Road Traffic Accidents(RTAs)are Major Global Health problems and 8th leading cause of death leading to more than 1.2 million deaths and 20-50 million injuries annually.While the situation in many countries in now improving, India still holds the dubious distinction of being only country who faces more than 14 fatalities and 53 injuries every hour due to RTA.
Hypertension is a silent, invisible killer that rarely causes symptoms. Increasing public awareness is key, as is access .Raised blood pressure is a warning sign that significant lifestyle changes are urgently needed. People need to know why raised blood pressure is dangerous, and how to take steps to control it.
The course offers an opportunity to develop a holistic understanding of Primary Health Care, its functions, and scope. The course attendants will learn the principles of Primary Health Care, the course is expected to help the students to understand and internalize international health and public health transition facilitating the integration of health sector with other sectors.
This presentation has the following.
1. Definitions - accidents and injuries
2. The burden of accidents and injuries
3. Epidemiology of RTA, industrial accidents, railway accidents, violence, domestic violence, drowning, burns, domestic accidents, poisoning and snakebite.
4. Prevention and control of RTA, industrial accidents, railway accidents, violence, domestic violence, drowning, burns, domestic accidents, poisoning and snake bite.
Hypertension is a silent, invisible killer that rarely causes symptoms. Increasing public awareness is key, as is access .Raised blood pressure is a warning sign that significant lifestyle changes are urgently needed. People need to know why raised blood pressure is dangerous, and how to take steps to control it.
The course offers an opportunity to develop a holistic understanding of Primary Health Care, its functions, and scope. The course attendants will learn the principles of Primary Health Care, the course is expected to help the students to understand and internalize international health and public health transition facilitating the integration of health sector with other sectors.
This presentation has the following.
1. Definitions - accidents and injuries
2. The burden of accidents and injuries
3. Epidemiology of RTA, industrial accidents, railway accidents, violence, domestic violence, drowning, burns, domestic accidents, poisoning and snakebite.
4. Prevention and control of RTA, industrial accidents, railway accidents, violence, domestic violence, drowning, burns, domestic accidents, poisoning and snake bite.
Road safety in bangladesh realities and challengesPolicy Adda
The presentation of a comprehensive research on road safety issues presented by Dr Hossain Zillur Rahman, Executive Director, PPRC, also a former adviser to Caretaker Government.
It reveals that five districts, namely Dhaka, Chittagong, Comilla, Tangail and Sirajganj of the country are most prone to road accident. It also reveals that 38 per cent traffic accidents involve buses, which is more than any other kinds of vehicles involved in such incidents.
The research report titled 'Road safety in Bangladesh: Realities and Challenges' was launched at an event on August 13 Wednesday at The Daily Star auditorium in the capital, organised by non-governmental organisation BRAC and Power and Participation Research Center, PPRC in short. PPRC carried out the research commissioned by BRAC. Honourable communication minister Obaidul Quader attended as the chief guest.
The launch of the report was organised on the day of the third death anniversary of noted filmmaker Tareque Masud and eminent journalist Mishuk Munier, who, along with three others, were killed in a road accident on Dhaka-Manikganj Highway in 2011.
The research reveals important data and information, presenting a comprehensive scenario of the country's road safety reality. According to the analysis of the report, Most road accidents occur in a length of 57 kilometres, distributed in different stretches in different highways.
Findings of the research also challenge the popular perception that road accidents usually happen in isolated areas of highways and show that more accidents occur in the congested and busy portions ─ 40.90 per cent happen at or around bus stands, followed by 28.40 per cent accidents happening at the roadside village markets. Among different types of vehicles, bus has proved most fatal, causing 38 per cent road crashes.
WHO has identified traffic accidents as the eighth cause for unnatural death with over 1.2 million annual deaths. The research also reports reckless driving as the most frequent cause of road accidents, while lack of adequate training, unfit vehicles, problems in road structure, weak implementation of traffic law and impunity of the perpetrators remain other important causes.
Road accidents are the new ‘epidemic’ sweeping across much of the developing world. For Bangladesh too with its rapid urbanization and exponential growth of transport networks, safety on the roads has emerged as an inescapable priority. BRAC with a strong record of engagement on the issue commissioned Power and Participation Research Centre (PPRC) to undertake a causal study on road safety to inform an appropriate advocacy strategy on this crucial national concern.
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Use of Road Accidents Data by Government Stakeholders to reduce Road Accidents and ensure Road Safety – A study on Black Spot Management. Presented by Sh. Ranjan Mukherjee, Director, M/o Road Transport & Highways at Workshop on Data Driven Decision Making for Chief Data Officers.
Achieving Safety Results by Addressing Behavioral IssuesRPO America
During the 2017 National Regional Transportation Conference, Nicole Waldheim addressed behavioral issues related to transportation safety that can be addressed by regional transportation planning organizations and their safety partners.
To Find out the Relationship between Errors, Lapses, Violations and Traffic A...inventionjournals
Background: The Manchester Driver Behaviour Questionnaire (DBQ) has been extensively used as predictor of self-reported road traffic accidents. The associations between lapses and the violation and error factors of the DBQ however, might be reporting a little bias. Aim: The current study aiming to explore the driving behaviours of cuddalore district and to investigate the relationship between error, violations, and lapses of DBQ and accident involvement. Methods: Current study is a relational study. 500 drivers Was selected randomly in cuddalore district Results: Finding indicated that significant relationship between driving error, lapses and violations, Also there are significant relations among traffic awareness of driving behaviors of participants.
Safety on Indian Roads a Big Challenge.pptEmaan Sharma
In today's world road and transport has become an integral part of every human being. Every body is a road user in one shape or the other. The present transport system has minimized the distances but it has on the other hand increased the life risk. Every year road crashes result in loss of lakhs of lives and serious injuries to crores of people.
In India itself about eighty thousand people are killed in road crashes every year which is 13% of the total fatality all over the world. In most of the cases crashes occurs either due to carelessness or due to lack of road safety awareness of the road user. Hence, road safety education is as essential as any other basic skills of survival.
Roads are an important mode of transport in India. India has a network of over 6,215,797 kms of roads as of 1 December 2021, the 2nd largest road network in the world, after the US. But Driving on Indian roads is like walking on a tight rope. You've got to be really careful with the wheels because of pathetic road conditions that could test the patience of even the most seasoned drivers.
Slide 4 - It comes right after the rainy season when the roads are filled with a unique death trap called potholes. They come in all sizes and forms, from really small ones to ones that can pose a challenge to coal mines when it comes to depth. An interesting fact about potholes is that they’re like icebergs. You only see the surface, it’s almost impossible to gauge their depth until it’s too late. Before you know it, the car is overturned and you’re severely injured or even crushed to death.
One of the reasons for the formation of potholes is continuous, never-ending use of the road by heavy vehicles and lack of maintenance.
Slide 8 - Zoji La Pass - a major link between Ladakh and Kashmir
The blink of an eye could land a vehicle straight down from an altitude of 3,538 meters from the country’s most dreaded roads as it is frightfully narrow and covered in snow sludge round the season.
For instance, there are light, medium and high traffic roads, based on the volume of traffic a road receives. Similarly, you have pedestrian paths, cycle tracks, and motor vehicle roads, classifying roads in terms of the type of traffic a road receives.
In 2018, The national highways comprised 1.94% of the total road network in India. Various state highways constituted 2.97% of the total length of roads. But 30.2 % of total road accidents and 35.7% of all deaths happened in our national highways. State highways were not exactly lagging behind with 25.2% and 26.8% of total accidents and deaths respectively. According to experts, the main causes of road accidents in India are rapid urbanization, poor safety, lack of enforcement, distracted drivers, influence of drugs or alcohol, speeding and a failure to wear seat-belts or helmets.
Overspeeding is the reason for the highest percentage of deaths relating to road accidents. Yet, nobody cares driving a fast car or a bike at fatal speeds.
A PROPOSAL ON WORKPLACE HEALTH PROMOTION, EDUCATION AND COMMUNICATION PROGRAM...Mohammad Aslam Shaiekh
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Proposal Development on Organizing Health Promotion Education Communication T...Mohammad Aslam Shaiekh
Proposal Development on Organizing Health Promotion Education Communication Training Program on Maternal Infant and Young Child Nutrition Practices in Pumdi, Pokhara Municipality 22.
A PROPOSAL ON HEALTH PROMOTION, EDUCATION AND COMMUNICATION PROGRAM ON SCHOOL...Mohammad Aslam Shaiekh
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HEALTH PROMOTION, EDUCATION AND COMMUNICATION PROGRAM ON SCHOOL HEALTH NUTRITION AMONG THE PRIMARY LEVEL STUDENTS OF POKHARA METROPOLITAN-30, KASKI
Practicum presentation on Safe Motherhood Program (SMP) and Maternal and Peri...Mohammad Aslam Shaiekh
Practicum presentation on Safe Motherhood Program (SMP) and Maternal and Perinatal Death Surveillance and Response (MPDSR) Program in MNH Section of Family Welfare Division..
Practicum presentation on Safe Motherhood Program (SMP) and Maternal and Peri...Mohammad Aslam Shaiekh
Practicum presentation on Safe Motherhood Program (SMP) and Maternal and Perinatal Death Surveillance and Response (MPDSR) Program in MNH Section of Family Welfare Division
Practicum presentation on Safe Motherhood Program (SMP) and Maternal and Peri...Mohammad Aslam Shaiekh
Practicum presentation on Safe Motherhood Program (SMP) and Maternal and Perinatal Death Surveillance and Response (MPDSR) Program in MNH Section of Family Welfare Division
Telehealth Psychology Building Trust with Clients.pptxThe Harvest Clinic
Telehealth psychology is a digital approach that offers psychological services and mental health care to clients remotely, using technologies like video conferencing, phone calls, text messaging, and mobile apps for communication.
One of the most developed cities of India, the city of Chennai is the capital of Tamilnadu and many people from different parts of India come here to earn their bread and butter. Being a metropolitan, the city is filled with towering building and beaches but the sad part as with almost every Indian city
Welcome to Secret Tantric, London’s finest VIP Massage agency. Since we first opened our doors, we have provided the ultimate erotic massage experience to innumerable clients, each one searching for the very best sensual massage in London. We come by this reputation honestly with a dynamic team of the city’s most beautiful masseuses.
R3 Stem Cells and Kidney Repair A New Horizon in Nephrology.pptxR3 Stem Cell
R3 Stem Cells and Kidney Repair: A New Horizon in Nephrology" explores groundbreaking advancements in the use of R3 stem cells for kidney disease treatment. This insightful piece delves into the potential of these cells to regenerate damaged kidney tissue, offering new hope for patients and reshaping the future of nephrology.
India Clinical Trials Market: Industry Size and Growth Trends [2030] Analyzed...Kumar Satyam
According to TechSci Research report, "India Clinical Trials Market- By Region, Competition, Forecast & Opportunities, 2030F," the India Clinical Trials Market was valued at USD 2.05 billion in 2024 and is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.64% through 2030. The market is driven by a variety of factors, making India an attractive destination for pharmaceutical companies and researchers. India's vast and diverse patient population, cost-effective operational environment, and a large pool of skilled medical professionals contribute significantly to the market's growth. Additionally, increasing government support in streamlining regulations and the growing prevalence of lifestyle diseases further propel the clinical trials market.
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CRISPR-Cas9, a revolutionary gene-editing tool, holds immense potential to reshape medicine, agriculture, and our understanding of life. But like any powerful tool, it comes with ethical considerations.
Unveiling CRISPR: This naturally occurring bacterial defense system (crRNA & Cas9 protein) fights viruses. Scientists repurposed it for precise gene editing (correction, deletion, insertion) by targeting specific DNA sequences.
The Promise: CRISPR offers exciting possibilities:
Gene Therapy: Correcting genetic diseases like cystic fibrosis.
Agriculture: Engineering crops resistant to pests and harsh environments.
Research: Studying gene function to unlock new knowledge.
The Peril: Ethical concerns demand attention:
Off-target Effects: Unintended DNA edits can have unforeseen consequences.
Eugenics: Misusing CRISPR for designer babies raises social and ethical questions.
Equity: High costs could limit access to this potentially life-saving technology.
The Path Forward: Responsible development is crucial:
International Collaboration: Clear guidelines are needed for research and human trials.
Public Education: Open discussions ensure informed decisions about CRISPR.
Prioritize Safety and Ethics: Safety and ethical principles must be paramount.
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CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V - ROLE OF PEADIATRIC NURSE.pdfSachin Sharma
Pediatric nurses play a vital role in the health and well-being of children. Their responsibilities are wide-ranging, and their objectives can be categorized into several key areas:
1. Direct Patient Care:
Objective: Provide comprehensive and compassionate care to infants, children, and adolescents in various healthcare settings (hospitals, clinics, etc.).
This includes tasks like:
Monitoring vital signs and physical condition.
Administering medications and treatments.
Performing procedures as directed by doctors.
Assisting with daily living activities (bathing, feeding).
Providing emotional support and pain management.
2. Health Promotion and Education:
Objective: Promote healthy behaviors and educate children, families, and communities about preventive healthcare.
This includes tasks like:
Administering vaccinations.
Providing education on nutrition, hygiene, and development.
Offering breastfeeding and childbirth support.
Counseling families on safety and injury prevention.
3. Collaboration and Advocacy:
Objective: Collaborate effectively with doctors, social workers, therapists, and other healthcare professionals to ensure coordinated care for children.
Objective: Advocate for the rights and best interests of their patients, especially when children cannot speak for themselves.
This includes tasks like:
Communicating effectively with healthcare teams.
Identifying and addressing potential risks to child welfare.
Educating families about their child's condition and treatment options.
4. Professional Development and Research:
Objective: Stay up-to-date on the latest advancements in pediatric healthcare through continuing education and research.
Objective: Contribute to improving the quality of care for children by participating in research initiatives.
This includes tasks like:
Attending workshops and conferences on pediatric nursing.
Participating in clinical trials related to child health.
Implementing evidence-based practices into their daily routines.
By fulfilling these objectives, pediatric nurses play a crucial role in ensuring the optimal health and well-being of children throughout all stages of their development.
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V - ROLE OF PEADIATRIC NURSE.pdf
Prototype for health education program on prevention & control of Road Traffic Accidents as through public announcement
1. Prototype for
Health Education Program on
Prevention & Control of RTAs
Through Public Announcement
Mohammad Aslam Shaiekh
Sarmila Baral
MPH(HPE), 3rd Semester
SHAS, P.U.
1
2. Introduction
• A road traffic accident (RTA) is any injury
due to crashes originating from, terminating
with or involving a vehicle partially or fully
on a public road[1].
• Road traffic injuries are the 8th leading
cause of death. Death and injuries resulting
from road traffic crashes remains a serious
problem globally [2].
2
3. Introduction Cont…
• The condition of road, negligence of driver,
Over speeding, drunk driving, mechanical
failure, fatigue, condition of the weather,
condition of vehicles, improper follow of
traffic rules and regulations are leading
factors of RTA.
• 5 Es (Education, Engineering,
Enforcement, Encouragement and
Evaluation/Adjustment) are the key
strategies of prevention and control of
RTAs [5]. 3
4. Introduction Cont…
• The human, vehicle, environmental and
road related factors are associated with
RTAs.
4
6. Problem Statement
• The largest proportion of road traffic deaths is in
middle-income countries (49.6%) followed by
low-income countries (41.9%) with remaining
8.5% deaths in high-income countries [3].
• 1.35 million people dying each year due to RTA.
• The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development
has set an ambitious target of halving the global
number of deaths and injuries from road traffic
crashes by 2020 (WHO | Global status report
on road safety 2018).
6
7. Problem Statement
• The mortality rate per population due to RTI
almost doubled from 2001 to 2013,
suggesting that RTI is a silent epidemic in
Nepal.(Karkee and Lee, 2016).
• In 2009/10, RTAs killed more than 1,734
people and an additional 11,000 people were
injured.(Sharma KK, 2011).
7
8. Problem Statement
• Researches indicate that people between
15-40 years of age are most affected in
RTAs, among which most of the motorcycle
accidents occurred in urban areas while
majority of buses and truck accidents
occurred in the rural areas.
8
9. Rationale
• Why Prevention & Control of RTA:
• Injuries and deaths due to road traffic
accidents (RTA) are a major public health
problem in developing countries where more
than 85% of all deaths and 90% of disability
adjusted life years were lost from road traffic
injuries. (Nantulya et al)
• In Nepal, 9000 people have been died,
almost 20,000 were seriously injured and
44615 slightly injured in 54000 traffic
crashes in the past 10 years. (DOR, 2011)
9
10. Why Prevention & Control of RTAs
• The condition of road, negligence of driver,
Over speeding, drunk driving, mechanical
failure, fatigue, condition of the weather,
condition of vehicles, improper follow of traffic
rules and regulations are leading factors of
RTA.
• Hence, these factors are preventable and can
be reduced through the intervention of public
health strategies and can prevent and control
the disabilities and deformities from RTAs.
10
11. Rationale
• Why Public Announcement for Prevention &
Control of RTA:
Road traffic accidents (RTAs) have emerged as
an important public health issue which needs to
be tackled by a multi-disciplinary approach.
The trend in RTA injuries and death is
becoming alarming in countries like Nepal. The
number of fatal and disabling road accident
happening is increasing day by day and is a
real public health challenge for all the
concerned agencies to prevent it. 11
12. Rationale
• Why Public Announcement for Prevention &
Control of RTA:
Awareness creation, strict implementation of
traffic rules, and scientific engineering
measures are the need to prevent RTAs.
Hence, Public Announcement is intended to
create awareness among the people about the
various modalities available to prevent road
accidents and also to inculcate a sense of
responsibility toward spreading the message of
road safety as a good citizen of our country.
12
13. Public Announcement: Key Steps
• Choose Topic:
Narrow focus and to the point. For example
prevention and control of RTAs
One main idea for per PSA: for example only
key messages of prevention and control of
RTAs (Avoid the multi dimensional messages in
a single topic)
• Time for some research:
Current and up-to dated facts on the main
topics
Focus on key facts and figures (Statistics) and
references. 13
14. Public Announcement: Key
Steps…Cont’d
• Considering audience:
Focus on the needs of targeted audience’s and give
preference to key targeted group. For example
Drivers, foot path mover and traffic polices may be
the target audience for RTA
• Grabbing the audience’s attention :
Attention, knowledge, responsibilities to use traffic
rule, misbehave and the perception on RTA of key
audience like foot path movers, drivers, passengers,
traffic polices should be grabbed through the public
announcement. 14
15. Public Announcement: Key
Steps…Cont’d
• Create a script and simple statements:
Develop script and statement on the based
of evidence.
The Script should be highlight the major
points on behavior change to prevent the
RTA
Emotional statement/message should
created that’s why audience can be emoted
to change the behaviour. 15
17. Public Announcement: Key
Steps…Cont’d
• Editing:
Before announcing the message/PSA publicly,
do the pretest of information to check the
accuracy, modeling, key contents, sequences,
fitness and others. And do modify if there is to
make any changes.
• Announcement:
Announce the PSA on appropriate time through
different media like radio and TV.
Find the audience’s reaction and responses.
17
19. 1. Social Diagnosis
• Poor transport facilities
• Under-development of country
• Poverty
• Illiteracy
• Difficult geography.
• Road encroachment (अतिक्रमण)
• Inadequate institution for driving training
• Low level of parental monitoring
19
20. 2. Epidemiological Diagnosis
• Seven people die every day in road accidents
all over Nepal.
• In the last fiscal year, 2017-18, 2,541 people
died in road accidents. This is highest death
toll recorded since FY 2001-02.
• Last year, the country witnessed 10,965 road
accidents in different parts of the country,
which also critically injured 4,144 persons,
according to the Nepal Police [6].
20
21. 2. Epidemiological Diagnosis
• Official data shows 2,004 deaths occurred in
9,146 accidents during FY 2014-15. This
figure rose to 2,006 deaths in 10,013
accidents next year. Road fatalities further
increased to 2,384 in 10,178 road accidents
during FY 2016-17.
• The Nepal Police data shows maximum
number of accidents involved motorcycles
(6,874) followed by jeeps and cars (5,212),
lorries and tankers (2,430), and buses
(2,005) [6]. 21
22. 2. Epidemiological Diagnosis
• As in recorded in previous years, human errors
such as driver’s negligence, speeding, drink-
drive, rashly overtaking vehicles, overloading
and mistakes of passengers are the major
causes of road accidents and fatalities. Data
shows drivers’ negligence cause over 77
percent (8,461) of the accidents, followed by
speeding (1395) in the last fiscal [6].
• Road experts have argued that the negligence
of drivers and the acute lack of proper roads
and infrastructure have caused maximum
accidents in the country. 22
23. 3. Behavioral & Environmental
Diagnosis
• Behavioral:
– High speed driving
– Substance abuse (Alcohol, Drugs and “Being
drinking”)
– Cell phone use while driving
– Violate safety rules (use of Helmets, Gloves,
Shoes, Glasses)
– Motorists Driving styles
– Overtake
23
24. 3. Behavioral & Environmental
Diagnosis Cont…
• Behavioral:
– Engaging in stunt competition.
– Lack of appropriate and skillful driving
experience
– Breaking traffic rules
– Driver negligence.
24
25. 3. Behavioral & Environmental
Diagnosis
• Environmental:
– Low level of parental monitoring
– Lack of Trained driving institutions to provide
training
– Hard and difficult geographical structures
– Gender Sensitivity (Male accounts for about
70% of fatalities from RTAs)
– Lack of access to get adequate information
about traffic rules.
– No confidentiality on driving.
– A single driver for long routes.
25
26. 3. Behavioral & Environmental
Diagnosis
• Environmental:
– Weather conditions
– Conditions of vehicles
– Road conditions
– No adequate inspection of driving license
– No adequate footpaths for Pedestrians.
– No proper installations of sign boards and
reflective mirrors in bend way.
– Visual cognitive
– Mobility impairment
26
28. 3. Behavioral & Environmental
Diagnosis
• Cause of RTA: from System Approach
28
29. Inventory of Behaviors
Positive Factor
• Mobilization of Traffic polices all over the
country.
• Rule of penalties for rule breakers
• License inspection
• Inspection of Ma.Pa.Se,
• Audio-visual orientation to drivers and co-
driver
29
30. Inventory of Behaviors
Negative Factor
• Substance abuse during driving
• Random roadside parking
• High Speed driving
• Violate safety rules and overtake
• Use of Cell Phone during driving
• Teasing the women and girls.
• Engaging in completion and stunts
30
32. 4. Educational Diagnosis
Predisposing Factors:
• Lack of awareness of traffic rules to all
stakeholders
• Poor knowledge of traffic rules
• Attitude towards road uses
32
33. Re-enforcing factors
• Inspections from the traffic polices
• “Volunteering Traffic” as for developing the
sincere people toward their road safety
• Provision of penalties for rule breakers
33
34. Enabling factors
• Trained and Skillful driver and institutions
• Traffic bits in different sites of highway for
monitoring the road safety
• Awareness campaign in community level
(Educational session in schools, Audio-visual
orientation to drivers and co-driver,
Orientation class to drink and drive
(Maa.Paa.Se) drivers, Orientation to driving
institute trainers and trainees, Distribution of
IEC materials and Celebration of Traffic week
annually. 34
35. Enabling factors
• Different I/NGO, CBOs working in the field
of road safety.
• Identification of the most accident prone
area and installation of the caution sign
• Fire extinguisher and emergency doors in
public vehicles
• Insurance provision and First aid kits
• Driver change and refreshment provision
in long route driving
35
36. 5. Policy & Administrative
Diagnosis
Policy Diagnosis:
• The first Vehicle Act was enacted in 1964 to
manage the vehicles plying in roads and
public transportation and was followed by
Transportation Management Act in 1970.
Later, a combined Vehicle and
Transportation Management Act, 1993
(VTMA) and VTM Regulations, 1998
replaced them.
36
37. 5. Policy & Administrative
Diagnosis
Policy Diagnosis:
• Technical and safety requirements for all
types of vehicles have been provisioned in
Vehicle and Transportation Management Act,
1993 (VTMA) and Vehicle and
Transportation Management Regulations,
1999 (VTMR).
37
38. 5. Policy & Administrative
Diagnosis
Policy Diagnosis:
• Some provisions regarding vehicle standard and safety in
VTMR 1998 are:
- Standard dimension of the public vehicles
- Number of seats, height, width and folding provisions
- Fire extinguisher and emergency doors in public vehicles
- Insurance provision and First aid kits
- Lock in good condition on doors and windows
- Shock observer in good condition
- Speed limit
- Axle load limit
- Driver change and refreshment provision in long route
driving
38
39. Policy Diagnosis
Vehicle and Transportation Management Act, 1993 (VTMA) and
VTM Regulations, 1998 have various provisions on roads safety
aspects, some of them are:
- It is mandatory to wear a seat-belt; Traffic Police monitors and
enforces its compliances.
- Motorcycle day time head light is not mandatory.
- Use of motorcycle helmets to the rider is mandatory but there is
no standard of helmets defined.
- Use of child seat restraints in cars and child helmets for
motorcycle is not mandatory hence not in use widely.
- Road safety education in schools is made compulsory by
introducing road safety chapters in school level text books.
- Drinking and driving is prohibited by law and strong monitoring is
being made by Traffic Police especially at night time..
39
40. Policy Diagnosis
Department of Road (DoR), Traffic Safety Unit (TESU)
Activities
- Installing road signs and safety barriers at accident
prone locations on various highways
- Zebra crossings, traffic lights and some over head
crossing bridges are built and being used by the
pedestrians in urban areas especially in capital city
Kathmandu
- Constructing separate bicycle land and footpath for
pedestrian in major roads
- Maintenance activities on the road as well as road side
maintenance for removing or cushioning roadside
obstacles
- Activities for planting trees along road side and
trimming these in certain intervals 40
41. Policy Diagnosis
The UN Road Safety Collaboration
(UNRSC), Global Plan for the Decade of
Action for road-safety (2011-2020)
incorporating interventions under the
following five pillars to road safety.
- Road safety management
- Safer roads and mobility
- Safer vehicles
- Safer road users
- Post-crash response
41
42. Administrative Diagnosis
• UNRSC (The UN Road Safety Collaboration
), Department of Road (DOR), Ministry of
physical infrastructure and Transportation
(MoPIT), MoFALD, Department of Transport
Management (DoTM), Road Safety and
Traffic Unit (RSTU), Volunteer traffics, traffic
polices ADB are key implementer for
prevention and control RTAs
• Timely Inspections by RSTU
• Supportive Supervision and Monitoring. 42
44. Program Goal
• The overall goal of this program is to
decrease the disabilities, deformities and
death rates from RTA trough providing
adequate information about preventive &
control measures of RTA, awareness and
advocacy by public announcement.
44
45. General Objectives
• To prevent and control the RTAs by raising
awareness, advocacy and providing
knowledge and information regarding
prevention and control of RTAs by public
announcement.
45
46. Specific Objectives
• Public/people will get information about
the risk factors of RTAs like (Substance
abuse during driving, High speed &
Overtaking, Violation of safety rules and
random road side parking, use of cell
phone during driving etc.)
• People will adopt the positive behavior to
prevent and control of RTAs after the
getting information from public
announcement 46
47. Target Groups
• Primary targets for this program will be
drivers, pedestrians, passengers and
traffic polices.
• Secondary targets will be all the people
47
48. Methods and Media
Methods:
• Public announcement
Media:
• Newspaper
• Radio and TV
• Poster and Pamphlets distribution
48
50. Contents of Message for Public
Announcement
• Impact of RTAs
• Risk Factors of RTAs
• Preventive and control measures of RTAs
• Post accidents care and their
management
50
51. Key Message for Public
Announcement
• Impact of RTAs
- Road traffic injuries cause emotional,
physical and economic harm.
- Damage the vehicles and road, bridges.
- Tangible costs (repair cost, treatment cost,
insurance cost)
- Hospitalization
- Handicap/Disabilities
- Death
51
52. Key Message for Public
Announcement
• Risk Factors (causes) of RTAs
A Distracted Driving:
a. Talking on the cell phone
b. Sending text messages
c. Eating/Substance abuse
d. Arguments/Loud chatting
B. Speeding:
a. Ignoring the speed limits
b. Rule breaking and overtake
C Drunk Driving:
a. Drinking make to lose focus and function properly
b. Favor to happen the crash 52
53. Key Message for Public
Announcement
• In General : the risk factors are
- Substance abuse of during driving
- High Speed and Overtaking
- Violate safety rules and random road side
parking
- Use of cell phone during driving
53
54. Key Messages for Public
Announcement
• Prevention and Control Measures of RTAs:
- Avoid substance abuse during driving
- No drink and drive
- No use of cell phone during driving
- Proper follow of signals, speed control and
instructions and use of safety (Seat belt, helmets,
boots, gloves, glasses),
- Avoid speed driving and overtaking
- Proper parking of vehicles
- Proper use of Zebra crossing and footpath by
pedestrians and passengers.
54
55. Key Message for Public
Announcement
• Post accident/crash management:
- Introduce toll-free telephone number for RTA
emergencies.
- Ambulance services for post-accident treatments and
emergency.
- Develop strategy and introduce revolving fund for RTA
victims and disabled.
- Open Trauma Care Centers and train for RTA injured.
- Establish road-safety unit in the Ministry of health and
Population and institutionally enhance it.
- Develop ambulance network along the major
highways, urban and rural roads.
55
56. Resources Management
• Local media like FM, newspaper, community
radio, will be used to disseminate the
information for public announcement
• Multiple media like radio, TV and Newspaper
will be used to cover the large number of
public
• The Short and sweet (2-3 minutes) but
SMART messages/information will be
announced publicly. 56
57. Detail Plan of Action
S.
N
Contents Messages Methods &
Media
Durat
ion
Target
Group
1 Impact of
RTAs
-Road traffic injuries cause
emotional, physical and
economic harm.
-Damage the vehicles and
road, bridges.
-Tangible costs (repair cost,
treatment cost, insurance
cost)
-Hospitalization
-Handicap/Disabilities
-Death
Public
announceme
nt through
radio, TV and
local
newspaper
6
Month
Drivers
,
Pedest
rians,
Passe
ngers,
Traffic
police
2 Risk Factors
of RTAs
-Substance abuse of during
driving
-High Speed and Overtaking
-Violate safety rules and
random road side parking
-Use of cell phone during
Public
announceme
nt through
radio, TV and
local
newspaper
6
Month
Drivers
,
Pedest
rians,
Passe
ngers,57
58. Detail Plan of Action
S.
N
Contents Messages Methods &
Media
Durat
ion
Target
Group
3 Prevention
and control
measures of
RTAs
-Avoid substance abuse
during driving
-No drink and drive
-No use of cell phone during
driving
-Proper follow of signals,
speed control and
instructions and use of
safety (Seat belt, helmets,
boots, gloves, glasses),
-Avoid speed driving and
overtaking
-Proper parking of vehicles
-Proper use of Zebra
crossing and footpath by
pedestrians and
passengers.
Public
announceme
nt through
radio, TV and
local
newspaper
6
Month
Drivers
,
Pedest
rians,
Passe
ngers,
Traffic
police
58
59. Detail Plan of ActionS.
N
Contents Messages Methods &
Media
Durat
ion
Target
Group
4 Post
accidents/Cr
ash
management
-Introduce toll-free
telephone number for RTA
emergencies.
-Ambulance services for
post-accident treatments
and emergency.
-Develop strategy and
introduce revolving fund for
RTA victims and disabled.
-Open Trauma Care Centers
and train for RTA injured.
-Establish road-safety unit in
the Ministry of health and
Population and institutionally
enhance it.
-Develop ambulance
network along the major
highways, urban and rural
roads.
Public
announceme
nt through
radio, TV and
local
newspaper
6
Month
Drivers
,
Pedest
rians,
Passe
ngers,
Traffic
police
59
60. 6. Implementing Strategies
• The Health education program on prevention and
control of RTAs will be announced for 6 months.
Public announcement of information/messages of
Health education programme will be done as
described in plan of action
• Program will be implemented through the
coordination of local medias, Health coordinator of
Municipality, DoR, MoPIT, MoFALD, DoTM and
RSTU.
• Use of local media and local languages for public
announcement
• Community engagement and participation for the
program planning and implementations
• Monitoring, recording and reporting of the impact of
program progress 60
61. 7. Evaluation of Health Education
Program
7. Process evaluation
• Scientific development of evidence based
messages focusing on BCC approach for
prevention and control of RTAs
• Use of appropriate materials for the public
announcement
• Need based and target oriented information
61
62. 8. Impact Evaluation
– Assessment of knowledge and
practice/behaviors (No use of cell phone, No
drink and drive, Use of safety) of the people
(through Post survey)
– Decrease in prevalence of RTA
– Use of Safety and follow of traffic rule &
regulations
– Speed control and No overtaking
– Impact Evaluation through community survey.
62
63. 9. Outcome Evaluation
– Decrease mortality and morbidity due to RTAs
– Decrease in disabilities, deformities from RTAs
– Increase in Positive attitude and
Behavior/practices of driving
– Increase in Follow up of traffic rules and use of
safety measures
– Enhancement in quality of life
– Decrease in emotional, physical and economic
harm
– Decrease in Tangible costs (repair cost, treatment
cost, insurance cost)
63
64. Bibliography
1. WHO | Global status report on road safety 2018.
2. Krishna Prasad Dhakal, 2018. Road Traffic
Accidents in Kathmandu Valley. Journal of Health
Promotion
3. World Health Organization, 2018. Global status
report on road safety 2018.
4. World Health Organization, 2009. Global Status
Report on Road Safety: Time for Action.
5. Sk shrestha, senior divisional engineer,
department of roads nepal, Road safety situation in
Nepal, Sanjay kumar.
6. https://kathmandupost.com/national/2018/08/12/seve
n-people-die-every-day-in-road-accidents-in-nepal
64