India has seen rising road accidents as the number of vehicles has increased dramatically in recent decades while road infrastructure has not kept pace. Over 5 lakh road accidents occurred in India in 2015, resulting in 1.46 lakh deaths. Young people between 15-35 years old account for over half of road accident victims. The top causes of accidents are reckless or drunk driving, speeding, and not wearing seatbelts. The government has created policies and programs focused on education, enforcement, engineering, and emergency response to try to advance road safety in India.

1. ADVANCING ROAD SAFETY IN INDIA:
CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES
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2. India is a growing country. With the increasing population, the number of vehicles has
expanded in the country during the last one decade. Though road networks also
improved, mounting pressure on roads from expanded vehicle population has
aggravated safety issues. Authentic data about road accidents is not available, still,
preliminary data indicate that Indian roads are witnessing higher incidence of road
accidents.
An accident is defined as an unplanned and uncontrolled event in which action and
reaction of an object or person results in personal injury or damage to the property. A
traffic accident may be explained as failure of the road-vehicle-driver system to perform
one or more operations necessary for completing a trip without any injury or loss.
introduction safety in India

3. Global Scenario
 Road transport is the most complex and the most dangerous transportation system.
In recent years, some important and major studies on the subject of road accidents
and fatalities carried out by World Bank, World Health Organization (WHO), Transport
Research Laboratory (TRL), and others have highlighted the growing significance of
road crashes as a cause of death particularly in developing and transitional countries
 Road accidents are one of the major causes of death, injury and disability in all over
the world both in developed and developing countries.
 in every 1 min, 2 people are killed and 95 people are severely injured or permanently
disabled in traffic accidents worldwide.

4.  According to the world health organization (WHO) statistics, 75% of deaths resulted
from traffic accidents occurring in developing countries, although they own only 32%
of the motor vehicles in the world. While the annual fatality per 10,000 vehicles
ranges from 20 to 200 in low or middle income countries, it varies between 1.5 and 5
in industrialized countries. The estimated global economic cost of traffic accidents is
$518 billion per year.
 The share of the developing countries is $100 billion which accounts for 1 to
3% of their gross national product
 Road deaths and injuries are a global problem of massive proportions. the last three
years, an average of 4,622 persons were killed and about 181,000 persons were
injured on Turkish highways.

5. Status of road accidents in India
 One road accident occurs in every one minute and 16 people die in one hour. 40
percent of road accident occurs due to truck and two-wheeler
 As per the report on accident death and suicide (2010), l4, 61,757 number of traffic
accidents have occurred in India in which 4, 30,654 road accidents, 2,843 rail road
accidents and 28,260 other railway accidents.
 73.3 per cent of road accident occurs in Nagaland, 66.5 per cent in Jammu and
Kashmir, 53.5 per cent in Bihar and 53.5 per cent in Uttar Pradesh occurred. Deaths
in road accident have increased by 5.5 per cent during 2010 compared to 2009 in
India. A large number of accident occurred in Tamil Nadu. In Delhi city 25 per cent
deaths.
 Problem much more serious in India : over 5 lakh road accidents in 2015.

6. Findings of Road Accidents in India 2015
During 2015 :
• Total road accidents – 5,01,423
• Road accident deaths - 1,46,133
• Person injured in road accidents – 5,00,279
In Every Hour : 57 Road Accidents take place and 17 Persons killed.
• 28.4 per cent, 24.0 per cent and 47.6 per cent of road accidents on National
Highways, State Highways and Other Roads respectively.
• 54.1% of road accident victims are in the age group of 15 to 35 years.
• Highest share of road accidents accounted by two wheelers (28.8 per cent)
and Cars, Jeeps & Taxis (23.6 per cent)

7.  the careless driving and not following the speed regulation ends with an accident and
the lack of awareness and the injured are not following the road rules cause damage
to life. On the technical side, the vehicles must be inspected by experts during the
interval of every trip. Each vehicle has to be out into maintenance service for every
15,000, 30,000 and 45,000 kms besides the regular check up.
 Accidents are met with either by the fault of drivers and road users or failure of the
vehicle 8-11 . Talking about human failure depends on the driver fault or the injured
persons fault, the intoxicated state of the driver, fatigue
Importance Of Accident Prevention

8. Road Safety
 Road safety has been identified as an essential component which should be integrated in road
management system.
 Road safety refers to reduce the risk of a person in accident. Road safety provides safe
environment to all road users. Government organizes different programs regarding road safety
such as driver safety programs, pedestrian safety, child and teenager‟s safety programs, drink
and driving related programs and speed management programs.
 Road safety considers risk factors related to the road and its environment, the road user, the
vehicle and emergency services

9. Road Safety Policy
Government of India has approved a National Road Safety Policy.
• Policy recognizes that road safety, a holistic issue – involving roads, motor vehicles
and human beings.
• Policy statements - outline the safe system approach.
• Ministry formulated multi-pronged strategy based on 4 `E’s
(i) Education,
(ii) Enforcement,
(iii)Engineering,
(iv)Environment and
(v) Emergency Service in road safety

10. Road Safety Challenges In India
 Increased motorization/urbanization/migration India faces severe road congestion in most
areas.
 CAGR of motor vehicles over 10%; growth in road network only 4% causing congestion –
impacting road safety.
 Road safety holistic issue – involving roads, motor vehicles and human beings.
 Needs coordination between different stakeholders.
 In a federal set up much depends on efforts of States to mobilise data on road accidents.

11. National Road Safety
- Policy Statements
• GOI committed to increased promotion of awareness of road safety issues.
• GOI to help States, Union Territories and local Governments to improve crash investigation,
data collection, transmission and analysis.
Ensure safer road instrastructure
– review standards of safety in the road design stage.
• Ensure safer vehicles;
• Ensure safer drivers;
• Ensure safety of vulnerable road users;
• Enforcing safety laws : Increased highway patrolling.

12. Institutional Set up
• GOI constituted the National Road Safety Council - the apex body to take policy
decisions in matters of road safety.
• The Ministry has requested all States/UTs to
set up State Road Safety Council and District
Road Safety Committee, and hold their meetings
regularly.
Success In Road Safety Is Visible Across The Globe

13. Initiatives taken on road safety by Ministry
• On basis of National Road Safety Policy following initiatives taken :
• High priority accorded to identification and rectification of Black spots
• Road safety audit of selected National Highways taken up
• Threshold of 4-laning of National Highways reduced from 15000 to 10000 Passenger Car Units
(PCUs).
• The design and construction of road facilities will take account of needs of non-motorized
transport and vulnerable users.
Efforts being made to change driver behavior.
• Focus on problems of drunken driving, absence of seat belt use, over-speeding and use of
mobiles.

14. National Highway Accident Relief Service Scheme
• Under the scheme, cranes and ambulances to various State Governments will be provided.
• NHAI also provides ambulances at a distance of 50 kms. on each completed National Highway
under O&M contract.
• 3 pilot projects for providing cashless treatment of road accident victims launched .
• Guidelines on Good Samaritans issued :
• To protect them from harassment, from authorities while trying to save life of road accident
victims.

15. Human factors
The top 10 important human behaviours that are linked to road crashes are
1. Helmet use
2. Seat belt use
3. Drinking and driving
4. Child restraint use
5. Speeding
6. Distracted driving – cell phone use
7. Pedestrian road use behaviors
8. Driver Licensing issues
9. Drugs and driving, and
10. Fatigue and sleeplessness

16. Suggestions
Transportation is not only playing a pivotal role in modern life but also become critical and
resourceful. Increase of traffic inflow is unavoidable but the out come has to be seriously viewed
in the context of causing accidents. It is remarkable to note that increase of accidents demands
safety. Road traffic accidents are an important cause of death and serious injuries in developed
societies. Road traffic injuries are a major but neglected global public health problem, needing
conservative efforts for effective and sustainable prevention. Of all the systems that people have
to deal with on a daily basis, road transport is the most complex and dangerous one. Road Safety
management seeks to maintain and improve the existing safety of a road network by reducing
crashes and providing a safe road environment for its users to enable its continued use in an
effective and safe manner

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