The document discusses a summer internship project involving designing a chat application that allows multiple users to communicate through serial ports. It then provides background information on various serial communication standards and concepts like RS-232, null modems, MAX232 chips, and how asynchronous serial communication works by transmitting data one bit at a time with start and stop bits. It also describes how a letter would be transmitted from one PC to another through their serial ports as a sequence of bits including the ASCII code for the letter surrounded by start and stop bits.
RS-232 is a popular communications interface for connecting modems and data acquisition devices (i.e. GPS receivers, electronic balances, data loggers, ...) to computers.
In telecommunications, RS-232 is a standard for serial communication transmission of data. It formally defines the signals connecting between a DTE (data terminal equipment) such as a computer terminal, and a DCE (data circuit-terminating equipment, originally defined as data communication equipment[1]), such as a modem. The RS-232 standard is commonly used in computer serial ports. The standard defines the electrical characteristics and timing of signals, the meaning of signals, and the physical size and pinout of connectors. The current version of the standard is TIA-232-F Interface Between Data Terminal Equipment and Data Circuit-Terminating Equipment Employing Serial Binary Data Interchange, issued in 1997.
Practical Data Communications & Networking for Engineers & Technicians Living Online
Practical data communications and networking for engineers and technicians is a comprehensive workshop. It covers RS-232, RS-422, RS-485, industrial protocols, industrial networks and the communications requirements for 'smart' instrumentation. It will equip you with the tools to analyse, specify and debug data communications and networking systems in the instrumentation and control environment.
This workshop is designed to benefit people who are involved in specifying, commissioning and debugging data communications and networking systems for instrumentation and control, but who have little previous experience in this area. It has been structured to cover the main concepts of data communications, to clarify their meaning and to describe their applications in modern process control and automation systems.
Serial Communication Interface with Error Detectioniosrjce
UART is used for serial data communication. UART is a piece of computer hardware that translates
between parallel bits of data and serial bits. UART is usually an integrated circuit used for serial
communications over a computer or peripheral device serial port. Bits have to be moved from one place to
another using wires or some other medium. Over many miles, the expense of the wires becomes large. To reduce
the expense of long communication links carrying several bits in parallel, data bits are sent sequentially. Errors
may occur either internally or externally while we transmit information from source to destination. The errors
generated during the transmission would affect the performance of the overall system. In order to reduce the
errors we should incorporate any error detecting schemes like hamming decoder, check parity systems etc.
Different serial communication devices are available.
RS-232 is a popular communications interface for connecting modems and data acquisition devices (i.e. GPS receivers, electronic balances, data loggers, ...) to computers.
In telecommunications, RS-232 is a standard for serial communication transmission of data. It formally defines the signals connecting between a DTE (data terminal equipment) such as a computer terminal, and a DCE (data circuit-terminating equipment, originally defined as data communication equipment[1]), such as a modem. The RS-232 standard is commonly used in computer serial ports. The standard defines the electrical characteristics and timing of signals, the meaning of signals, and the physical size and pinout of connectors. The current version of the standard is TIA-232-F Interface Between Data Terminal Equipment and Data Circuit-Terminating Equipment Employing Serial Binary Data Interchange, issued in 1997.
Practical Data Communications & Networking for Engineers & Technicians Living Online
Practical data communications and networking for engineers and technicians is a comprehensive workshop. It covers RS-232, RS-422, RS-485, industrial protocols, industrial networks and the communications requirements for 'smart' instrumentation. It will equip you with the tools to analyse, specify and debug data communications and networking systems in the instrumentation and control environment.
This workshop is designed to benefit people who are involved in specifying, commissioning and debugging data communications and networking systems for instrumentation and control, but who have little previous experience in this area. It has been structured to cover the main concepts of data communications, to clarify their meaning and to describe their applications in modern process control and automation systems.
Serial Communication Interface with Error Detectioniosrjce
UART is used for serial data communication. UART is a piece of computer hardware that translates
between parallel bits of data and serial bits. UART is usually an integrated circuit used for serial
communications over a computer or peripheral device serial port. Bits have to be moved from one place to
another using wires or some other medium. Over many miles, the expense of the wires becomes large. To reduce
the expense of long communication links carrying several bits in parallel, data bits are sent sequentially. Errors
may occur either internally or externally while we transmit information from source to destination. The errors
generated during the transmission would affect the performance of the overall system. In order to reduce the
errors we should incorporate any error detecting schemes like hamming decoder, check parity systems etc.
Different serial communication devices are available.
After reading this slide one can understand the serial data communication protocol RS-232 definition,standard,pin configuration,handshaking,advantages and disadvantages .
this presentation contains all sort of information regarding USCI(Universal Serial Communication Interface)
UART, SPI, I2C etc.
this will be very helpful to the people those who are planning or starting projects or want to get idea how devices interfaced.
This design consists of two communication protocols integrated in SoC and are UART & SPI. -Single bit input is provided for user to select either UART or SPI. In UART protocol TRANSMITTER passes the 32 bit data serially with parity bit to RECEIVER. In SPI protocol, RECEIVER passes the data to another RECEIVER which finally returns data back to TRANSMITTER and the TRANSMITTER passes data to TOP MODULE.
Hands On Data Communications, Networking and TCP/IP TroubleshootingLiving Online
More and more people who work in plants need to understand how data from the field is transmitted to the control room and even to Manufacturing Execution Systems located in head offices situated considerable distances from the plant. It is a technological marvel and this manual helps you to understand the flow of information and the various techniques involved in it.
MORE INFORMATION: http://www.idc-online.com/content/hands-data-communications-networking-and-tcpip-troubleshooting-30?id=37
Implementation of I2C Master Bus Protocol on FPGAIJERA Editor
The focus of this paper is on I2C (Inter-Integrated Circuit) protocol interface between Master Bus protocol and
slave. Here we are interfacing between micro-controller and DS1307. I2C bus protocol sends 8 bit data from
micro-controller to DS1307. This module was designed in VHDL and simulated and synthesized using Xilinx
ISE Design Suite 14.2. I2C and optimized for area and power. This concept is widely applicable from any high
speed device or low speed device to any low speed device or high speed device. This module acts as a slave for
the DS1307 at the same time acts like a master for the micro-controller device which can be considered as a
slave. . It can be used to interface low speed peripherals like motherboard, embedded system, mobile phones,
set top boxes, DVD, PDA’s or other electronic devices.
Web application based file transfer in customized cloudeSAT Journals
Abstract Web Application based File Transfer app in a Customized Cloud is an open source and cloud web app based on the File Transfer system application which should be organized, designed by the app designer and developed by the app developer, the webapp based file transfer system which it runs on the open cloud web server with the graphical user based interface system. The user interface turns automatically the customized web application environment into file transfer system management system. It uses the cloud web directory automated services with the powerful management tools as the web file transfer with the multiple options in the admin dashboard interface. It allows to configure the custom designs. Web application users or the web app sites can be modified or updated according to the developer needs, so the web file transfer application visitors or the users can open the webapp accounts in the file transfer web application for creating the file transfer based user accounts. It can store or save the unlimited data without any bandwidth permissions. As the webapp administrator allows the web moderators to setup the individual user quotas and the customized quota for the portal users known as the quota system for webapp. The application administrators and the application moderators will get the full access to the webapp portal administration managing area and to the permissions to block the individual and the unknown users, webapp site ads can be embedded into the webapp site portal or the cloud file transfer website. This application can also be converted into the customized individual mobile application such as for the various os- android, the windows phone etc. It allows the individual users or individual administrators to share their experience in the form of comments and the customized user article modules. Webapp portal enables to allow the various file formats where it can store the data files and other data on the file transfer oriented web-cloud. It’s as fully loaded features with the directory service mode in order to optimize the custom data and to optimize the file transfer oriented cloud server optimization. Web application can also be deployed on any file transfer system. The web app can be installed on the various operating platform which it allows the administrators to embed the search engine into the Cloud File Transfer Web site.
After reading this slide one can understand the serial data communication protocol RS-232 definition,standard,pin configuration,handshaking,advantages and disadvantages .
this presentation contains all sort of information regarding USCI(Universal Serial Communication Interface)
UART, SPI, I2C etc.
this will be very helpful to the people those who are planning or starting projects or want to get idea how devices interfaced.
This design consists of two communication protocols integrated in SoC and are UART & SPI. -Single bit input is provided for user to select either UART or SPI. In UART protocol TRANSMITTER passes the 32 bit data serially with parity bit to RECEIVER. In SPI protocol, RECEIVER passes the data to another RECEIVER which finally returns data back to TRANSMITTER and the TRANSMITTER passes data to TOP MODULE.
Hands On Data Communications, Networking and TCP/IP TroubleshootingLiving Online
More and more people who work in plants need to understand how data from the field is transmitted to the control room and even to Manufacturing Execution Systems located in head offices situated considerable distances from the plant. It is a technological marvel and this manual helps you to understand the flow of information and the various techniques involved in it.
MORE INFORMATION: http://www.idc-online.com/content/hands-data-communications-networking-and-tcpip-troubleshooting-30?id=37
Implementation of I2C Master Bus Protocol on FPGAIJERA Editor
The focus of this paper is on I2C (Inter-Integrated Circuit) protocol interface between Master Bus protocol and
slave. Here we are interfacing between micro-controller and DS1307. I2C bus protocol sends 8 bit data from
micro-controller to DS1307. This module was designed in VHDL and simulated and synthesized using Xilinx
ISE Design Suite 14.2. I2C and optimized for area and power. This concept is widely applicable from any high
speed device or low speed device to any low speed device or high speed device. This module acts as a slave for
the DS1307 at the same time acts like a master for the micro-controller device which can be considered as a
slave. . It can be used to interface low speed peripherals like motherboard, embedded system, mobile phones,
set top boxes, DVD, PDA’s or other electronic devices.
Web application based file transfer in customized cloudeSAT Journals
Abstract Web Application based File Transfer app in a Customized Cloud is an open source and cloud web app based on the File Transfer system application which should be organized, designed by the app designer and developed by the app developer, the webapp based file transfer system which it runs on the open cloud web server with the graphical user based interface system. The user interface turns automatically the customized web application environment into file transfer system management system. It uses the cloud web directory automated services with the powerful management tools as the web file transfer with the multiple options in the admin dashboard interface. It allows to configure the custom designs. Web application users or the web app sites can be modified or updated according to the developer needs, so the web file transfer application visitors or the users can open the webapp accounts in the file transfer web application for creating the file transfer based user accounts. It can store or save the unlimited data without any bandwidth permissions. As the webapp administrator allows the web moderators to setup the individual user quotas and the customized quota for the portal users known as the quota system for webapp. The application administrators and the application moderators will get the full access to the webapp portal administration managing area and to the permissions to block the individual and the unknown users, webapp site ads can be embedded into the webapp site portal or the cloud file transfer website. This application can also be converted into the customized individual mobile application such as for the various os- android, the windows phone etc. It allows the individual users or individual administrators to share their experience in the form of comments and the customized user article modules. Webapp portal enables to allow the various file formats where it can store the data files and other data on the file transfer oriented web-cloud. It’s as fully loaded features with the directory service mode in order to optimize the custom data and to optimize the file transfer oriented cloud server optimization. Web application can also be deployed on any file transfer system. The web app can be installed on the various operating platform which it allows the administrators to embed the search engine into the Cloud File Transfer Web site.
The emerging technologies are replacing the old hardware and software. Today the speed & security of data is most important. Since data storing and its sharing has become very important in today’s world of globalization, so a platform is required which can provide us secure and platform independent file storing and sharing. Now-a-days Internet is available with tablets and mobile devices as well as personal computers. So a service should be accessible from desktop, website (browser) and Mobile platforms so that we can use Internet to store data securely and share data. Android is emerging Mobile platform now-a-days as well as in future as published by Google.
We designed this project to fulfil all this demands and requirements and with a full-fledged business model, which can make this project commercially viable, so that we can bring this from a project to real-time Product.
This System is a server-based hosting service designed as client-server model that uses server storage to enable users to store and share files and folders with others across the internet. The server is hosted on three Linux based servers. The client is having three modes of communication. It has a desktop application, Web-site and an Android Mobile application. The Desktop module is having a folder containing important files synchronized with server. The regular update of folder is synchronized with server which ensures the secure storage of files. The website is the gateway to see all the files and the download them on the Desktops where the application is not installed. Android application is to be installed on Mobiles and tablets for availing the services.
As per security requirement of the files the project uses GPS service, and Encryption of files, to avoid many types of Security flaws. The use of Cloud Storage will be done in the next phase of the project
As per business aspect the mobile advertising and Website-advertising is used to earn revenues. For better revenue Web-mining and Data-mining of the account information helps us to provide advertising of client’s interest to earn Good revenues.
B.Tech.Final Year ECE Project Report on Ultrasonic distance measure robotSushant Shankar
ULTRA-4 or ultrasonic distance measure robot is a robot which perform many action such as it gives the actual position of wall or obstacle which comes in front of it, measures the distance which displayed by 7-segment and also show the moving images of the objects by camera.
The application area of ultra-4 is very wide such as rescue oprations, spy robot, versatile use in autonomus technology,use in mining,it has found essential use in light industry (e.g. toy industry) agriculture and power engineering and used in car parking system.
Serial port in an embedded system types and usesSf Cable, Inc
The most common type of serial cable, straight-through serial cable, is useful to connect a Data Terminal Equipment (DTE) device to a Data Communications Equipment (DCE) device (for example, a modem).
BLH Nobel has been recognized as a leader in weighing technology, process weighing and force measurement. They design and deliver innovative, accurate industry-leading weighing and force measurement solutions and supply both standardized and custom systems and serve customers from a wide range of industries.
The following document is an exhaustive compilation of technical terms used in process weighing, courtesy of BLH Nobel.
"Emblogic.com" is the best education center in India to assist you about serial port device driver and their development as well. To know more about these kind of training program, visit our professional website.
Practical Radio Telemetry Systems for IndustryLiving Online
This manual covers topics such as antennas and fixed systems. Other essentials of data communications (and Ethernet) are also reviewed as they apply to radio telemetry systems. A selection of case studies is used to illustrate the key concepts with examples of real-world radio telemetry systems in the water, electrical and processing industries.
MORE INFORMATION:
http://www.idc-online.com/content/practical-radio-telemetry-systems-industry-35?id=119
1. Summer Internship 2014
Project: Data Communication through serial port.
Group members (Internees):
Sana Ghani.
Wajiha Muzzaffar Ali.
Sadia Sami.
Areeba Sharif.
Projectdesign:
To design a chat application based on C-sharp .NET framework. It would have basic structure
that would enable multiple users to chat with one another through serial port interface.
Multiple computers (three) would have access to chat.
Project Requirements:
RS 232C serial cable
Null modemcable
Three computers
PARALLEL PORT
Advantages:
Parallel Port communication is faster as 1 Byte (8 bits) can be transmitted at a time.
Parallel port transfers data with data ready and data received handshake lines thus;
they go fast as the processor can deliver up to a fixed clock frequency.
Disadvantages:
2. It isn’t reliable for transmitting data over long distances and if anyone of the bit has
been damaged during transmission it will affect the whole data.
It has higher wiring requirements so it consumes more space and hence it is costly.
COM PORT/ SERIAL PORT:
Advantages:
The losses in the cable when transmitting data using serial port are less substantial.
Another proof of serial port universality is microcontrollers. Many of them have
inbuilt SCI (Serial Communications Interfaces), used for communication with other
devices.
The number of wires needed when transmitting data serially is less than when the
transmission is parallel.
Disadvantages:
Surely enough serial port has its drawbacks. The main one is that when organizing
serial connection it is always necessary to convert the data into serial code and vice
versa.
RS232C:
RS-232 stands for Recommend Standard number 232 and C is the latest revision of the
standard. The serial ports on most computers use a subset of the RS-232C standard.
The full RS-232C standard specifies a 25-pin "D" connector of which 22 pins are used.
Applications: Today, it is still widely used in embedded computer development
systems, scientific instruments, and all sorts of industrial control equipment.
DCE and DTE Devices:
3. DTE stands for Data Terminal Equipment, and DCE stands for Data Communications
Equipment. These terms are used to indicate the pin-out for the connectors on a device and
the direction of the signals on the pins. Your computer is a DTE device, while most other
devices are usually DCE devices.
RTS / CTS:
RTS line is switched between mark and space condition by DTE devices to ensure data
transmission and similar for DCE devices. While CTS make sure receiver buffer isn’t full for
transmission with respect to DTE/ DCE devices.
NULL Modems:
If you connect two DTE devices (or two DCE devices) using a straight RS232 cable, then the
transmit line on each device will be connected to the transmit line on the other device and
the receive lines will likewise be connected to each other. A Null Modem cable or Null
Modem adapter simply crosses the receive and transmit lines so that transmit on one end is
connected to receive on the other end and vice versa. In addition to transmit and receive,
DTR & DSR, as well as RTS & CTS are also crossed in a Null modem connection.
RS485:
It defines notonly a single device-to-device interface but also a communications bus thatcan
be usedto form simple networksof multiple devices. Its configuration and specifications
also extend the rangeand data rate beyond the RS-232 interface capabilities. Full-duplexor
simultaneoustransmitand receive operations can be implemented with a two-pair cable.
Applications: It is particularly effective in equipment used in noisy environments such as
factories, process control plants, and utilities sites.
RS422
RS-422 is a variation of RS-485 with similar specifications butis designed only for one driver
and up to 10 receivers. Otherwise, other specifications are similar to the RS-485 interface.
4. USB TO RS232 CONVERTER
This converter plugsinto your computer’s USB port andprovides you with a DB-9 RSR232
connection. The cable will enumerateas a COM port with a baudrate adjustableto whatever
setup you want to connect to.
USB TO TTL CONVERTER
This USB to TTL converter is a port-powered bi-directional USB to TTL/CMOS 5V converter,
which can be used to convert any standard full-duplex USB port into a full-duplex TTL port and
vice versa. The unit is powered from the USB port and it supports data auto-sensing & self-
adjusting, and therefore, no baud rate setting is required.
Q. Do you understand the serial mode of communication? How the PC will transfer a letter
(say 'Á') to the other PC using serial port?
Serial communication is forms of I/O in which the bits of a byte begin transferred appear one
after the other in a timed sequence on a single wire. It has become the standard for
intercomputer communication.
There are two types of serial communication:
Synchronous communication
Asynchronous communication
In synchronous communication the data is transmitted and received through a common
clock.
In Asynchronous communication we have to add start bit, stop bit and for checking we can
also add parity bit.
In our project we will be using Asynchronous communication.
In Asynchronous communication the transmitter shifts the parallel data onto the serial line
using its own clock while the receiver extracts the data using its own clock. It converts the
serial data back to the parallel form after stripping off the start, stop, and parity bits.
When transmitting a byte say letter ‘A’, the UART (serial port) first sends a START BIT which
is a positive voltage (0), followed by the data which in this case will be the ASCII of the letter
i.e. 01000001 (general 8 bits, but could be 5, 6, 7, or 8 bits) followed by one or two STOP
BITs which is a negative(1) voltage. The sequence is repeated for each byte sent.
5. MAX232 IC
The MAX232 IC is used to convert the TTL/CMOS logic levels to RS232 logic levels during
serial communication of microcontrollers with PC. The controller operates at TTL logic level
(0-5V) whereas the serial communication in PC works on RS232 standards (-25 V to + 25V).
This makes it difficult to establish a direct link between them to communicate with each
other.
The intermediate link is provided through MAX232. It is a dual driver/receiver that includes a
capacitive voltage generator to supply RS232 voltage levels from a single 5V supply. Each
receiver converts RS232 inputs to 5V TTL/CMOS levels. These receivers (R1 & R2) can accept
±30V inputs. The drivers (T1 & T2), also called transmitters, convert the TTL/CMOS input level
into RS232 level.
The transmitters take input from controller’s serial transmission pin and send the output to
RS232’s receiver. The receivers, on the other hand, take input from transmission pin of RS232
serial port and give serial output to microcontroller’s receiver pin. MAX232 needs four
external capacitors whose value ranges from 1µF to 22µF.
References:
http://www.taltech.com/datacollection/articles/serial_intro
http://retired.beyondlogic.org/serial/serial.htm