The document provides background information on Myanmar, including its history under British colonial rule, Japanese occupation during World War 2, independence in 1948, and military rule from 1962-2011. It discusses events like the 1988 uprising and 2007 Saffron Revolution, as well as Aung San Suu Kyi's role as an opposition leader under house arrest for many years. Major topics covered include the various regimes and their policies, conflicts with ethnic groups, and Myanmar's political and economic development.

1. Royal University of Phnom Penh
Institute of Foreign Languages
Department of International
Studies
Group 2:
1. Aing Daro
2. Kimtyphallykun
3. Bun Willy
4. Som kanika

2. Introduction Background of Myanmar
Before Japanese Occupation
Japanese occupation
Independence of Myanmar
Burma's military junta ruled from 1962-2011
Riots and repression
Opposed Elections
Release of pro-democracy supporters
Major events in 20s
New capital
Content
By: Aing Daro

3. Introduction Background of Myanmar
• Government: Unitary parliamentary constitutional republic
• President: Htin Kyaw
• Capital: Naypyidaw
• Largest city: Yangon (Rangoon)
• Official languages: Burmese
• Religion: Theravāda Buddhism
• Independence: from United Kingdom, 4 January 1948
By: Aing Daro

4. Before Japanese Occupation
• 1824–1826-The First Anglo-Burmese War. Under the Treaty of
Yandabo, Britain takes possession of the coastal regions of Arakan and
Tanintharyi (Tenasserium).
• 1852-In the Second Anglo-Burmese war, Britain annexes all of
southern Burma, establishing their capital at Yangon (Rangoon).
• 1861-King Mindon (1853–1878) transfers the Burmese capital to
Mandalay.
• 1885-86 – The third Anglo-Burmese War Britain captures Mandalay is
the second-largest city and the last royal capital of Myanmar (Burma
after a brief battle; Burma becomes a province of British India.
By: Aing Daro

5. Japanese occupation(1942-1947)
• 1942 - Japan invaded and occupied Burma with some help from the
Japanese-trained Burma Independence Army, which later transformed
itself into the Anti-Fascist People's Freedom League (AFPFL) and
fought back Japanese rule.
• 1945- May - Britain freed Burma from Japanese occupation with help
from the AFPFL (Anti-Fascist People’s freedom league), led by Aung
San.
• 1947 in January - Aung San led an AFPFL delegation to negotiate in
London and prepare a constitution for Myanmar Independence.
• 1947 in April- Anti-Fascist People’s freedom league won the election
• 1947 in July- Aung San and six of his Cabinets were killed by political
rivals.
By: Pallykhun

6. Aung San.

7. Independence of Myanmar
• 1948 - Burma becomes independent with U
Nu as prime minister. (January, 01, 1948)
(Aung San’s death was replaced by his
deputy U Nu)
• 1958-60 - Caretaker government, led by
army Chief of Staff General Ne Win,
formed following a split in the ruling
AFPFL party.
• 1960 - U Nu's won the elections, but his
promotion of Buddhism as the state religion
and his tolerance of separatism angers the
military.
By:

8. Burma's military junta ruled from 1962-2011
• 1962: A government led
by U Nu, elected two
years before, is
overthrown in a military
coup.
• (the reason behind the
coup was the failing of
democratic, the
corruption happened, and
inflation ate the people’s
salaries and the social
unrest) the Shan and
other ethnic minorities to
secede from Myanmar.)

9. Burma's military junta ruled from 1962-2011
• 1964- All political parties are
banned and media strictly
censored. Foreign businesses
are nationalized, along with
banks.
• 1974- a new constitution came
into effect, the socialist
republic of the union of Burma
is created.
Ne Win

10. Riots and repression
• 1987- “Lest Developed Nation”
status, recognizing as one of ten
world’s poorest countries. there
are two economics in the country:
• The black-market economy is
considered as Myanmar economic
survival without it the country
would fall further into poverty
• Illegal trade filters through
Myanmar border with China,
India, Thailand, and Bangladesh

11. • 1988 - a new series of protest began led by
students and monks. Then in August and
September, massive demonstration in
urban area occurred for an end to military
rule and thousands of people were killed.
• Then in August, Ne Win resigned as a
chairman of Burmese Socialist Program
Party
• 1989- (NLD) National League for
Democracy came from London and
become public Figure then in July Aung
San Suu Kyi was put in house arrest and
political activists and students were
arrested
Aung San Suu Kyi

12. Opposed Elections and became ASEAN member
• 1990 - SLORC, the State Law and Order Restoration Council, the military
government, decided to hold election. ( SLORC changes to Burma Socialist
Programme Party (BSPP)
• 1990 - Opposition National League for Democracy (NLD) wins in general
election, but the result is ignored by the military.
• 1991 - Aung San Suu Kyi awarded Nobel Peace Prize for her commitment
to peaceful change.
• 1995 - Aung San Suu Kyi is released from house arrest after six years.
• 1996 - Aung San Suu Kyi attends first NLD congress since her release;
SLORC arrests more than 200 delegates on their way to party congress.
• 1997 - SLORC renamed State Peace and Development Council (SPDC).
• 1997 - Myanmar entered ASEAN other members persuade the SPDC to
seek compromise with - Aung San Suu Kyi

13. Release of pro-democracy supporters
• 1998 - 300 NLD members released from
prison
• 1999 - Aung San Suu Kyi rejects ruling
council conditions to visit her British
husband, Michael Aris, who dies of cancer
in UK.
• 2000 September - Ruling council lifts
restrictions on movements of Aung San Suu
Kyi and senior NLD members.
• 2000 October - Aung San Suu Kyi begins
secret talks with ruling council.
• 2001 Ruling council releases some 200 pro-
democracy activists.

14. Major events in 20s
• 2002- UN announced that Myanmar
was one of the highest rate in the
world that faced AIDS epidemic and
HIV.
• Aung San Suu Kyi taken into
"protective custody" after clashes
between her supporters and those of
government.
• Aung San Suu Kyi has spent long
periods under house arrest
• 2003 November - Five senior NLD
leaders released from house arrest
after visit of UN human rights
envoy.

15. • 2003 August - Khin Nyunt becomes prime
minister. He proposes to hold convention in
2004 on drafting new constitution as part of
"road map" to democracy.
• 2004 January - Government and Karen
National Union - most significant ethnic
group fighting government - agree to end
hostilities.
• 2004 May - Constitutional convention
begins, despite boycott by National League
for Democracy (NLD) whose leader Aung
San Suu Kyi remains under house arrest.
• 2004 in January- the government and the
Karen National Union (the ethic group
fighting the government) agree to ceasefire
Khin Nyunt

16. Khin Nyunt Soe Win Lt Gen Thein Sein

17. Than Shwe
A Burmese strongman politician
who was the head of state of
Burma from 1992 to 2011 as
Chairman of the State Peace and
Development Council (SPDC)

18. New capital
• 2005- ASEAN announces that
Myanmar has turned down the 2006
chairmanship of the regional
grouping because the country cannot
improve its human right record
• 2006: The government moves the
capital from Rangoon (which it has
renamed Yangon) to Naypyidaw, a
newly built city in the jungle.
• 2006- the country listed as the
world’s most corrupted country after
Haiti

19. • August 2007: there is a
demonstrations in Rangoon, later
joined by Buddhist monks due to
the fuel prices rise sharply
• September 2007: The protests
escalate into a broader pro-
democracy demonstration.
Protesters greet Aung San Suu Kyi
outside her home, the first sighting
of her in public since 2003.
• September 24: Up to 100,000
people march in Rangoon.
• 2007 in September, there were a
massive protest triggered by the
fuel price rising, thousands of
monks and nuns joined the protest

20. • May 2008: Cyclone Nargis devastates
large parts of Burma,
• 2008 January- A series of bomb blasts
hits the country. State media blame
"insurgent destructionists", including
ethnic Karen rebels.
• 2008 April - Government publishes
proposed new constitution, which
allocates a quarter of seats in parliament
to the military and bans opposition
leader Aung San Suu Kyi from holding
office.