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Bart Minten POLICY SEMINAR Retail food prices at the country level and implications for food security How are rising food prices, further aggravated by the invasion of Ukraine, being transmitted at the country level? MAR 29, 2022 - 9:30 TO 11:00AM EDT
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Profile of Myanmar
The document provides background information on Myanmar, including its history under British colonial rule, Japanese occupation during World War 2, independence in 1948, and military rule from 1962-2011. It discusses events like the 1988 uprising and 2007 Saffron Revolution, as well as Aung San Suu Kyi's role as an opposition leader under house arrest for many years. Major topics covered include the various regimes and their policies, conflicts with ethnic groups, and Myanmar's political and economic development.
Myanmar
Myanmar, also known as Burma, is a Southeast Asian country located along the Bay of Bengal between India, Bangladesh, and Thailand. It has a long history of British colonial rule until gaining independence in 1948. In 1962 a military coup turned the country into a dictatorship that severely limited political and economic freedom. While reforms have begun in recent years, Myanmar has struggled with poverty and human rights issues due to decades of isolation and mismanagement under military rule. Buddhism is the dominant religion in the majority Buddhist country.
Presentation from myanmar group final
This document provides an overview of Myanmar (Burma). It notes that Myanmar has a population of over 54 million people and is located in Southeast Asia, bordering the Andaman Sea and Bay of Bengal. It is comprised of various ethnic groups, the majority religion is Buddhism. The document outlines Myanmar's climate, geography, natural resources, agriculture, industries and government. It also describes some important cultural festivals in Myanmar and provides dos and don'ts for proper cultural etiquette.
SCO.pptx
The document discusses the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO). It was founded in 2001 by China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan to protect assets in Central Asia. However, with the addition of India and Pakistan as members, the SCO's focus may need to broaden to also include protecting assets in the Indian Ocean region. The One Belt One Road initiative proposes investments that could interconnect Central Asian and Indian Ocean assets, creating interdependence that provides an opportunity for the SCO to strengthen security cooperation across the regions.
analysis of russia ukrain war class 9th final ppt.pptx
The document provides background information on the ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine. It introduces Ukraine and Russia, describing their geography, populations, and other statistics. It then discusses NATO and the European Union, their founding, members, and structures. The document outlines the historical tensions between Russia and Ukraine dating back to 2014 and the events leading up to the 2022 invasion. It also examines the global economic impacts of the conflict, including rising food and energy prices and increased poverty. Finally, it concludes by noting the deep historical roots of the conflict and Russia's longstanding opposition to Western expansion in former Soviet states.
Indo Myanmar relation
Myanmar drew the international spotlight when the world leaders including Prime Minister Modi, President Obama attended the ASEAN and East Asian Summit in Naypidaw last year on11 November.
Can we again revalidate the Swarna Bhumi - Bharat Bhumi natural links.
India shares 1700-km boundary with Myanmar, yet the absence of it in India’s foreign policy priorities has been a strange but serious omission. It is difficult to imagine how India’s otherwise astute leaders then allowed Burma to slide into seclusion and accepting Chinese hegemony to India’s detriment.
Agricultue issue Pakistan new
About Us:
UltraSpectra is a full-service online company dedicated to providing the services of internet marketing and
IT solutions to professionals and businesses looking to fully leverage the internet.
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http://www.ultraspectra.net
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South Asia
The document provides information about the geography, history, and peoples of South Asia. It describes the Indian subcontinent and how the Himalayan mountain range was formed by the collision of tectonic plates. It discusses major physical features like rivers, landforms, and climate zones. It also profiles the various countries of South Asia, including their histories, cultures, economies, and current events.
Recommended
Profile of Myanmar
The document provides background information on Myanmar, including its history under British colonial rule, Japanese occupation during World War 2, independence in 1948, and military rule from 1962-2011. It discusses events like the 1988 uprising and 2007 Saffron Revolution, as well as Aung San Suu Kyi's role as an opposition leader under house arrest for many years. Major topics covered include the various regimes and their policies, conflicts with ethnic groups, and Myanmar's political and economic development.
Myanmar
Myanmar, also known as Burma, is a Southeast Asian country located along the Bay of Bengal between India, Bangladesh, and Thailand. It has a long history of British colonial rule until gaining independence in 1948. In 1962 a military coup turned the country into a dictatorship that severely limited political and economic freedom. While reforms have begun in recent years, Myanmar has struggled with poverty and human rights issues due to decades of isolation and mismanagement under military rule. Buddhism is the dominant religion in the majority Buddhist country.
Presentation from myanmar group final
This document provides an overview of Myanmar (Burma). It notes that Myanmar has a population of over 54 million people and is located in Southeast Asia, bordering the Andaman Sea and Bay of Bengal. It is comprised of various ethnic groups, the majority religion is Buddhism. The document outlines Myanmar's climate, geography, natural resources, agriculture, industries and government. It also describes some important cultural festivals in Myanmar and provides dos and don'ts for proper cultural etiquette.
SCO.pptx
The document discusses the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO). It was founded in 2001 by China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan to protect assets in Central Asia. However, with the addition of India and Pakistan as members, the SCO's focus may need to broaden to also include protecting assets in the Indian Ocean region. The One Belt One Road initiative proposes investments that could interconnect Central Asian and Indian Ocean assets, creating interdependence that provides an opportunity for the SCO to strengthen security cooperation across the regions.
analysis of russia ukrain war class 9th final ppt.pptx
The document provides background information on the ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine. It introduces Ukraine and Russia, describing their geography, populations, and other statistics. It then discusses NATO and the European Union, their founding, members, and structures. The document outlines the historical tensions between Russia and Ukraine dating back to 2014 and the events leading up to the 2022 invasion. It also examines the global economic impacts of the conflict, including rising food and energy prices and increased poverty. Finally, it concludes by noting the deep historical roots of the conflict and Russia's longstanding opposition to Western expansion in former Soviet states.
Indo Myanmar relation
Myanmar drew the international spotlight when the world leaders including Prime Minister Modi, President Obama attended the ASEAN and East Asian Summit in Naypidaw last year on11 November.
Can we again revalidate the Swarna Bhumi - Bharat Bhumi natural links.
India shares 1700-km boundary with Myanmar, yet the absence of it in India’s foreign policy priorities has been a strange but serious omission. It is difficult to imagine how India’s otherwise astute leaders then allowed Burma to slide into seclusion and accepting Chinese hegemony to India’s detriment.
Agricultue issue Pakistan new
About Us:
UltraSpectra is a full-service online company dedicated to providing the services of internet marketing and
IT solutions to professionals and businesses looking to fully leverage the internet.
http://www.ultraspectra.com
http://www.ultraspectra.net
Join Our Network:
facebook.com/ultraspectra
twitter.com/ultraspectra
youtube.com/user/ultraspecra
South Asia
The document provides information about the geography, history, and peoples of South Asia. It describes the Indian subcontinent and how the Himalayan mountain range was formed by the collision of tectonic plates. It discusses major physical features like rivers, landforms, and climate zones. It also profiles the various countries of South Asia, including their histories, cultures, economies, and current events.
Civil military relation
This document discusses various approaches to studying civil-military relations, including social science, political science, and considering factors like law, philosophy, psychology, and economics. It examines the relationship between civilian groups and armed groups, and between the military and social classes. It also outlines the roles and nature of civilians versus the military in areas like state building, development, and security. It provides models for analyzing the output of different combinations of strong and weak civilians and military. Overall, the document takes a multifaceted approach to analyzing civil-military relations in Myanmar by considering individual, state and international levels.
Superpowers Smart States Global Initiative: EU, USA, China, Russia,...
This document discusses states, powers, and superpowers in the modern world. It defines different levels of geopolitical influence, from regional powers to emerging superpowers to hyperpowers. Potential superpowers for the 21st century that are mentioned include the US, China, EU, India, and others. Achieving superpower status requires influence across multiple axes including military, economic, political, cultural, technological, and environmental leadership on a global scale. Sustainable development and smart strategies will be important for states seeking to maximize their power in the coming decades.
Russia-Ukraine War and the Global Crisis: Policy Responses to Address Poverty...
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This document summarizes the results of an analysis of the impacts of high food, fuel, and fertilizer prices resulting from the Russia-Ukraine war on poverty and food security in 19 countries. Key findings include:
- 27 million more people fell into poverty, 22 million more became undernourished, and diets deteriorated for 50 million people across the 19 countries.
- Cash transfers were the most cost-effective way to reduce poverty, while fertilizer subsidies best reduced hunger by offsetting declining food availability.
- A balanced portfolio of short- and long-term policy responses is needed to address each country's unique impacts, including both immediate relief and lasting agricultural investments.SIACHEN CONFLICT
The document discusses the Siachen Glacier conflict between India and Pakistan. It provides background on the geography and history of the conflict-ridden region. Specifically, it details how India gained control of the glacier in 1984 through Operation Meghdoot amid competing territorial claims by both countries. While India controls most of the glacier, the situation remains militarized with casualties occurring frequently over the past decades. Potential solutions discussed include demilitarization and establishing a joint or international peacekeeping administration of the strategically important but inhospitable terrain.
Ussr
The USSR was a socialist state that existed from 1922 to 1991, made up of 15 Soviet republics. It was established after the Russian Empire was overthrown in 1917. During World War II, the USSR helped the Allies with soldiers, artillery, and airplanes against Germany and its allies. After WWII, the USSR and US entered the Cold War period of global political and economic tension. In the late 1980s, the USSR experienced an economic crisis and the republics began declaring independence. In 1991, Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus signed an agreement dissolving the Soviet Union, officially ending its existence.
why CENTRAL ASIA is important?
Central Asia is an important geopolitical region for several reasons:
1) It is rich in natural resources like natural gas and located along key trade routes like the Silk Road, making it strategically important.
2) Major powers like the US, Russia, China, and European states have economic and security interests in the region due to its resources and location bordering Afghanistan and Pakistan.
3) Central Asia experienced growing attention after the 9/11 attacks as countries sought to curb terrorist groups operating in the region and secure strategic transportation routes for trade and energy pipelines.
Shanghai cooperation organization And Pakistan
The document discusses Pakistan joining the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) as a full member in 2017. The SCO is an intergovernmental organization composed of China, Russia, and several Central Asian countries. Pakistan had been an observer since 2005 but was granted full membership to strengthen its relationship with China and increase trade and economic cooperation with other Eurasian countries. Membership in the SCO also signals that attempts to isolate Pakistan diplomatically will not succeed and allows Pakistan to work with neighboring India within the SCO framework.
Introduction to Central Asia
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The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) proposes connectivity and cooperation between Eurasian countries through the Silk Road Economic Belt and Maritime Silk Road. Bangladesh officially joined BRI in 2016 and stands to benefit from increased trade, reduced trade gaps with China, duty-free access for products, and potentially developing a deep sea port. However, challenges include ensuring financial stability, addressing corruption, and navigating geopolitical tensions with countries like India that have opposed BRI.
WGI
The document discusses the World Bank's Worldwide Governance Indicators which measures six dimensions of governance in over 200 countries including voice and accountability, political stability, government effectiveness, regulatory quality, rule of law, and control of corruption. It also discusses some common critiques of these indicators such as comparability over time and across countries as well as biases in expert assessments. Finally, it lists some of the data sources that are used to construct the governance indicators such as surveys of households and firms, commercial business information providers, NGOs, and public sector organizations.
Economic issues of pakistan
This document outlines the course objectives and topics for a course on Pakistan's economic issues. The course aims to provide students with an understanding of key sectors of Pakistan's economy including agriculture, industry, financial and social sectors as well as current policies. Topics to be covered include the development of Pakistan's economy over the past 50 years, the agriculture, manufacturing and banking sectors, fiscal and monetary policy, the budget, fiscal deficit, and social issues. Recommended textbooks and resources are also provided.
Geo political-setting
The document discusses Pakistan's foreign policy and geostrategic environment. It notes that Pakistan's foreign policy is shaped by factors like its geography, regional environment, economy, and rivalry with India. While India poses a security threat, opportunities exist from China's CPEC investment and NATO withdrawing from Afghanistan. Pakistan aims to balance relations with Saudi Arabia and Iran, diversify its economy beyond CPEC, and play a role in Afghan reconciliation talks.
Taiwan strait
The document discusses the history of tensions in the Taiwan Strait and different policy options for the US regarding Taiwan. It outlines three Taiwan Strait crises from 1954-1996 when China fired missiles near Taiwan in response to Taiwan moving away from the One-China policy. The document then presents three potential solutions or recommendations for US policy: 1) specify in advance a commitment to defend Taiwan, 2) declare punishment for any actor upsetting the status quo, or 3) continue strategic ambiguity to prevent provocation while preserving the status quo. The author does not make a clear recommendation.
Comparative analysis of Russian foreign policy concepts (1993-2013)
The document analyzes and compares the evolution of Russian foreign policy concepts from 1993 to 2013 through 4 key documents. It finds that while priorities have remained consistent around relations with the CIS and customs unions with former Soviet states, Russia's attitudes towards threats and international organizations like NATO and approach to promoting its national interests have changed significantly over time as its power and influence has grown. The most recent 2013 concept reflects Russia's view of an increasingly multipolar world and desire to play a more prominent global role.
Geopolitics of the_united_states_-_ebook_final
This document provides an overview of the geography of the United States and how it has contributed to the country's growth and power. It discusses several key geographic features, including the Mississippi River basin which provides extensive internal waterways for transportation. It also notes the country's insulation from threats by surrounding oceans, deserts, forests and lakes. The document argues that control of the Mississippi basin core region has allowed the US to dominate North America and emerge as a global power.
Non traditional security
Present at Symposium on South East Asian Security (SSEAS) : Non-Traditional Security Issues (NTS) -13 Sep 2010- Topic Non-Traditional Security : Trends and Issues
Chapter5
This document provides an overview of the geography, history, politics, and economics of Russia and the countries of the Near Abroad. It describes the physical geography of the vast region, including its climate, vegetation, topography, and river systems. It then discusses the population patterns and diverse ethnic groups. The origins and expansion of Russian influence are outlined, from Kievan Rus to the Russian Empire. The establishment and collapse of the Soviet Union and subsequent transition to capitalism in Russia are summarized. Current geopolitical issues involving Russia, the Near Abroad countries, and international relations are also briefly mentioned.
Postulates on Russia’s Foreign Policy
The Postulates on Russia’s Foreign Policy developed with the participation of the Russian International Affairs Council’s members and experts discuss Russia’s position in the international arena, the role of global challenges in shaping the foreign policy agenda and outline foreign policy priorities for the period from 2012 to 2018. The main purpose of the Postulates is to encourage a public discourse about new contours and orientation of Russia’s foreign policy and to devise the solutions to be protected against traditional and emerging security challenges.
Russian ukraine conflict crisis
- Russia and Ukraine were both formerly part of the USSR but it dissolved in 1991. Ukraine sought to join the EU and NATO which Russia opposed due to concerns about security and losing influence. This led to conflicts and Russia annexing Crimea in 2014 and supporting separatists in eastern Ukraine. Fighting has continued since then despite ceasefire attempts, severely impacting Ukraine and wider effects on food and fuel prices globally.
Pakistan and USSR relations: 1947-1999
The document outlines the changing diplomatic relations between Pakistan and the Soviet Union from 1947 to 1988. It began with Pakistan refusing Soviet aid and aligning with the US in the 1950s. Relations fluctuated depending on various geopolitical events and alignments, with periods of both cooperation and deterioration. They hit a low point in the late 1970s and 1980s due to Pakistan supporting US efforts in Afghanistan while the Soviet Union occupied the country.
Impact of covid 19 on horticulture sector-raghava segu-converted
Covid-19 is impacted all sectors in economy, even agriculture is not exempted from that, that too horticulture were perishables crops is highly impacted. So all of you can use PPT for knowing main points.
Agricultural problems of india
The document summarizes several key agricultural problems facing India:
- India has low crop yields for many commodities compared to other countries despite being a large producer, due to factors like reliance on rainfed agriculture and lack of infrastructure.
- The country's agricultural sector is heavily dependent on monsoons, leading to volatility in growth.
- India has a low share of global agricultural export markets compared to its production levels.
- Many Indian farmers face debt, financial distress, and some have even resorted to suicide due to issues like small land holdings and lack of income stability.
- Reforms are needed to boost productivity, support small farmers, and modernize agricultural practices.
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Civil military relation
This document discusses various approaches to studying civil-military relations, including social science, political science, and considering factors like law, philosophy, psychology, and economics. It examines the relationship between civilian groups and armed groups, and between the military and social classes. It also outlines the roles and nature of civilians versus the military in areas like state building, development, and security. It provides models for analyzing the output of different combinations of strong and weak civilians and military. Overall, the document takes a multifaceted approach to analyzing civil-military relations in Myanmar by considering individual, state and international levels.
Superpowers Smart States Global Initiative: EU, USA, China, Russia,...
This document discusses states, powers, and superpowers in the modern world. It defines different levels of geopolitical influence, from regional powers to emerging superpowers to hyperpowers. Potential superpowers for the 21st century that are mentioned include the US, China, EU, India, and others. Achieving superpower status requires influence across multiple axes including military, economic, political, cultural, technological, and environmental leadership on a global scale. Sustainable development and smart strategies will be important for states seeking to maximize their power in the coming decades.
Russia-Ukraine War and the Global Crisis: Policy Responses to Address Poverty...
Russia-Ukraine War and the Global Crisis: Policy Responses to Address Poverty...International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)
This document summarizes the results of an analysis of the impacts of high food, fuel, and fertilizer prices resulting from the Russia-Ukraine war on poverty and food security in 19 countries. Key findings include:
- 27 million more people fell into poverty, 22 million more became undernourished, and diets deteriorated for 50 million people across the 19 countries.
- Cash transfers were the most cost-effective way to reduce poverty, while fertilizer subsidies best reduced hunger by offsetting declining food availability.
- A balanced portfolio of short- and long-term policy responses is needed to address each country's unique impacts, including both immediate relief and lasting agricultural investments.SIACHEN CONFLICT
The document discusses the Siachen Glacier conflict between India and Pakistan. It provides background on the geography and history of the conflict-ridden region. Specifically, it details how India gained control of the glacier in 1984 through Operation Meghdoot amid competing territorial claims by both countries. While India controls most of the glacier, the situation remains militarized with casualties occurring frequently over the past decades. Potential solutions discussed include demilitarization and establishing a joint or international peacekeeping administration of the strategically important but inhospitable terrain.
Ussr
The USSR was a socialist state that existed from 1922 to 1991, made up of 15 Soviet republics. It was established after the Russian Empire was overthrown in 1917. During World War II, the USSR helped the Allies with soldiers, artillery, and airplanes against Germany and its allies. After WWII, the USSR and US entered the Cold War period of global political and economic tension. In the late 1980s, the USSR experienced an economic crisis and the republics began declaring independence. In 1991, Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus signed an agreement dissolving the Soviet Union, officially ending its existence.
why CENTRAL ASIA is important?
Central Asia is an important geopolitical region for several reasons:
1) It is rich in natural resources like natural gas and located along key trade routes like the Silk Road, making it strategically important.
2) Major powers like the US, Russia, China, and European states have economic and security interests in the region due to its resources and location bordering Afghanistan and Pakistan.
3) Central Asia experienced growing attention after the 9/11 attacks as countries sought to curb terrorist groups operating in the region and secure strategic transportation routes for trade and energy pipelines.
Shanghai cooperation organization And Pakistan
The document discusses Pakistan joining the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) as a full member in 2017. The SCO is an intergovernmental organization composed of China, Russia, and several Central Asian countries. Pakistan had been an observer since 2005 but was granted full membership to strengthen its relationship with China and increase trade and economic cooperation with other Eurasian countries. Membership in the SCO also signals that attempts to isolate Pakistan diplomatically will not succeed and allows Pakistan to work with neighboring India within the SCO framework.
Introduction to Central Asia
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BELT & ROAD INITIATIVE IMPACT ON BANGLADESHI BUSINESS
The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) proposes connectivity and cooperation between Eurasian countries through the Silk Road Economic Belt and Maritime Silk Road. Bangladesh officially joined BRI in 2016 and stands to benefit from increased trade, reduced trade gaps with China, duty-free access for products, and potentially developing a deep sea port. However, challenges include ensuring financial stability, addressing corruption, and navigating geopolitical tensions with countries like India that have opposed BRI.
WGI
The document discusses the World Bank's Worldwide Governance Indicators which measures six dimensions of governance in over 200 countries including voice and accountability, political stability, government effectiveness, regulatory quality, rule of law, and control of corruption. It also discusses some common critiques of these indicators such as comparability over time and across countries as well as biases in expert assessments. Finally, it lists some of the data sources that are used to construct the governance indicators such as surveys of households and firms, commercial business information providers, NGOs, and public sector organizations.
Economic issues of pakistan
This document outlines the course objectives and topics for a course on Pakistan's economic issues. The course aims to provide students with an understanding of key sectors of Pakistan's economy including agriculture, industry, financial and social sectors as well as current policies. Topics to be covered include the development of Pakistan's economy over the past 50 years, the agriculture, manufacturing and banking sectors, fiscal and monetary policy, the budget, fiscal deficit, and social issues. Recommended textbooks and resources are also provided.
Geo political-setting
The document discusses Pakistan's foreign policy and geostrategic environment. It notes that Pakistan's foreign policy is shaped by factors like its geography, regional environment, economy, and rivalry with India. While India poses a security threat, opportunities exist from China's CPEC investment and NATO withdrawing from Afghanistan. Pakistan aims to balance relations with Saudi Arabia and Iran, diversify its economy beyond CPEC, and play a role in Afghan reconciliation talks.
Taiwan strait
The document discusses the history of tensions in the Taiwan Strait and different policy options for the US regarding Taiwan. It outlines three Taiwan Strait crises from 1954-1996 when China fired missiles near Taiwan in response to Taiwan moving away from the One-China policy. The document then presents three potential solutions or recommendations for US policy: 1) specify in advance a commitment to defend Taiwan, 2) declare punishment for any actor upsetting the status quo, or 3) continue strategic ambiguity to prevent provocation while preserving the status quo. The author does not make a clear recommendation.
Comparative analysis of Russian foreign policy concepts (1993-2013)
The document analyzes and compares the evolution of Russian foreign policy concepts from 1993 to 2013 through 4 key documents. It finds that while priorities have remained consistent around relations with the CIS and customs unions with former Soviet states, Russia's attitudes towards threats and international organizations like NATO and approach to promoting its national interests have changed significantly over time as its power and influence has grown. The most recent 2013 concept reflects Russia's view of an increasingly multipolar world and desire to play a more prominent global role.
Geopolitics of the_united_states_-_ebook_final
This document provides an overview of the geography of the United States and how it has contributed to the country's growth and power. It discusses several key geographic features, including the Mississippi River basin which provides extensive internal waterways for transportation. It also notes the country's insulation from threats by surrounding oceans, deserts, forests and lakes. The document argues that control of the Mississippi basin core region has allowed the US to dominate North America and emerge as a global power.
Non traditional security
Present at Symposium on South East Asian Security (SSEAS) : Non-Traditional Security Issues (NTS) -13 Sep 2010- Topic Non-Traditional Security : Trends and Issues
Chapter5
This document provides an overview of the geography, history, politics, and economics of Russia and the countries of the Near Abroad. It describes the physical geography of the vast region, including its climate, vegetation, topography, and river systems. It then discusses the population patterns and diverse ethnic groups. The origins and expansion of Russian influence are outlined, from Kievan Rus to the Russian Empire. The establishment and collapse of the Soviet Union and subsequent transition to capitalism in Russia are summarized. Current geopolitical issues involving Russia, the Near Abroad countries, and international relations are also briefly mentioned.
Postulates on Russia’s Foreign Policy
The Postulates on Russia’s Foreign Policy developed with the participation of the Russian International Affairs Council’s members and experts discuss Russia’s position in the international arena, the role of global challenges in shaping the foreign policy agenda and outline foreign policy priorities for the period from 2012 to 2018. The main purpose of the Postulates is to encourage a public discourse about new contours and orientation of Russia’s foreign policy and to devise the solutions to be protected against traditional and emerging security challenges.
Russian ukraine conflict crisis
- Russia and Ukraine were both formerly part of the USSR but it dissolved in 1991. Ukraine sought to join the EU and NATO which Russia opposed due to concerns about security and losing influence. This led to conflicts and Russia annexing Crimea in 2014 and supporting separatists in eastern Ukraine. Fighting has continued since then despite ceasefire attempts, severely impacting Ukraine and wider effects on food and fuel prices globally.
Pakistan and USSR relations: 1947-1999
The document outlines the changing diplomatic relations between Pakistan and the Soviet Union from 1947 to 1988. It began with Pakistan refusing Soviet aid and aligning with the US in the 1950s. Relations fluctuated depending on various geopolitical events and alignments, with periods of both cooperation and deterioration. They hit a low point in the late 1970s and 1980s due to Pakistan supporting US efforts in Afghanistan while the Soviet Union occupied the country.
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BELT & ROAD INITIATIVE IMPACT ON BANGLADESHI BUSINESS
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Comparative analysis of Russian foreign policy concepts (1993-2013)
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Similar to Myanmar
Impact of covid 19 on horticulture sector-raghava segu-converted
Covid-19 is impacted all sectors in economy, even agriculture is not exempted from that, that too horticulture were perishables crops is highly impacted. So all of you can use PPT for knowing main points.
Agricultural problems of india
The document summarizes several key agricultural problems facing India:
- India has low crop yields for many commodities compared to other countries despite being a large producer, due to factors like reliance on rainfed agriculture and lack of infrastructure.
- The country's agricultural sector is heavily dependent on monsoons, leading to volatility in growth.
- India has a low share of global agricultural export markets compared to its production levels.
- Many Indian farmers face debt, financial distress, and some have even resorted to suicide due to issues like small land holdings and lack of income stability.
- Reforms are needed to boost productivity, support small farmers, and modernize agricultural practices.
Impacts of the Russia-Ukraine crisis on global and regional markets. Focus on...
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David Laborde and Joe Glauber. March 6th.
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This document discusses issues related to food security and agriculture policies in India in the context of WTO implications. It notes that while India achieved self-sufficiency in food production, it has not solved the problem of chronic household food insecurity associated with poverty. The document outlines various government interventions for poverty alleviation and the public distribution system. It discusses the key aspects of the WTO Agreement on Agriculture such as market access, domestic support, and export subsidies. India's concerns with meeting international trade standards and potential future actions are also summarized.
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This document summarizes a study on agricultural transformation and input policies in Myanmar. It finds that while poverty has declined, many regions still face rice self-sufficiency issues. Under socialist rule from 1962-1988, fertilizer was subsidized but agricultural development stagnated. Since 1988, liberalization led to rising fertilizer prices and inefficient distribution systems. The study uses a policy analysis matrix to show that input and output policies impose taxes on farmers, particularly for hybrid rice varieties. It recommends improving access to credit, inputs and developing Myanmar's seed and fertilizer industries to boost productivity and support smallholder farmers' food security and incomes.
Blue economy.
Bangladesh has an agricultural economy, with approximately three-fifths of the population engaged in farming and agriculture historically dependent on monsoons. While rice and jute have traditionally been important crops, Bangladesh has taken steps to increase food production and irrigation to support its growing population. The economy remains restricted by factors such as population growth, inefficiency in the public sector, and limited capital. In recent decades the country has pushed economic reforms and developed new industries such as garment manufacturing, which has become a key export industry and employer. However, full implementation of reforms has faced challenges including political issues and unrest.
Myanmar: Impacts of the Ukraine and Global Crisis on Food Systems and Poverty
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Presentation prepared by Xinshen Diao, Paul Dorosh, Kristi Mahrt, Bart Minten, Karl Pauw, Josee Randriamamonjy, and James Thurlow, all with the International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington DC. This is part of the Global Crisis Country Series.Session 1 The Food Crisis And The Region
International food and energy prices have sharply increased since 2005 due to a combination of factors including increased biofuel production, a weakening US dollar, and weather events. While price increases hurt the poor, they benefit net food producers. Regional impacts include higher inflation, economic opportunities for some, and fiscal strain for countries with fuel subsidies. Policy responses recommended include rethinking biofuel policies, easing trade restrictions, coordinating grain stockpiles, protecting the poor, and improving agricultural productivity.
Sub-Sahara Fertilizer markets under pressure
Fertilizer markets in Sub-Saharan Africa are under severe pressure due to low inventories and high global prices. According to recent estimates, many key markets have less than 20% of the inventory needed to meet demand for the upcoming cropping season. Imports into major markets like Nigeria, Ghana, and Kenya in Q1 2022 were only around 10% of total demand. Global fertilizer prices reached record highs in early 2022 and availability from major suppliers like Russia and Ukraine has been significantly reduced due to the war. Without government subsidies or interventions to boost supplies, fertilizer access will remain very limited across Sub-Saharan Africa threatening food production for 2022.
Tanzania: Impacts of the Ukraine and Global Crisis on Food Systems and Poverty
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Presentation prepared by Xinshen Diao, Paul Dorosh, Mia Ellis, Pauw Karl, James Thurlow, all with the International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington DC. This is part of the Global Crisis Country Series.Sudan - A Land of High Potential But Low Productivity
Michel Sweeney, Senior Resercher, Farrelly & Mitchell, explores how investment in Sudan’s agricultural sector offers the potential for lucrative returns. However, due consideration should be given to the fact that it is a high-risk country for businesses.
Indian agriculture post 1991
Ashok Gulati and Shweta Saini, 25 Years of Policy Tinkering in Agriculture, in Rakesh Mohan (ed), India Tranformed, Penguin (Viking) 2017
Sustainable Organic Agriculture
Sustainable Organic AgricultureAfrican Regional Strategic Analysis and Knowledge Support System (ReSAKSS)
Sustainable organic agriculture (SOA) provides a solution to challenges facing Zambia's agricultural sector by improving soil health and crop productivity while conserving the environment. SOA relies on natural soil fertility practices like green manures, composting, and crop rotations rather than synthetic fertilizers. It also uses natural pest and disease management. Research shows SOA can double maize yields compared to conventional farming while reducing costs. However, adoption of SOA remains low due to policy favoring chemical agriculture, limited knowledge, and pressure from companies. Widespread adoption requires mainstreaming SOA in policy, increasing farmer education, and overcoming barriers discouraging its use.Informal stakeholder meeting_kenya_ppt-victor
The document discusses how agricultural trade impacts rural livelihoods and food security in Kenya. It notes that Kenya relies on imports to meet food deficits and fulfill national food needs. However, trade liberalization and policies like subsidies in other countries have negatively impacted Kenya's agricultural sector and reduced rural incomes and employment opportunities. This has exacerbated food insecurity, with over half the population considered food insecure. The document examines the linkages between trade, rural livelihoods and food security in Kenya through literature review and analysis of trade patterns, poverty rates, and food security statistics.
Strategic challenges in the agriculture sector
This document summarizes strategic challenges in Cambodia's agriculture sector. It notes that while poverty has declined significantly since 2004 due to agricultural growth and higher rice prices, agricultural growth is now slowing down. It finds that most agricultural growth has come from expanding land area rather than increasing yields. The document recommends maintaining an open trade policy, improving environmental sustainability, increasing public spending on quality agricultural programs, and developing agroprocessing industries to support continued poverty reduction and agricultural development.
Food for All: International Organizations and Agricultural Transformation
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This document discusses challenges to achieving global food security and nutrition goals, and the role of international organizations in supporting agricultural transformation. It notes that achieving UN Sustainable Development Goals by 2030 will be difficult given pre-existing trends slowed further by COVID-19. Poverty and hunger are increasingly concentrated in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa, where agricultural productivity growth has been low. International organizations have played catalytic roles but face a crowded landscape with fragmented assistance. Agricultural transformation will require doubling investments in agriculture, supporting rural development, boosting domestic capacity, and promoting sustainable food systems through education, value chains, and payments for environmental services.Indian agriculture
Indian agriculture faces several challenges:
1) Increasing production and productivity while maintaining sustainability of resources given changing global conditions.
2) Developing and adapting new technologies for efficient production, storage, processing, and marketing to minimize losses.
3) Ensuring food is distributed adequately given its importance to humanity.
Myanmar (Economic Setting)
Myanmar has an agricultural economy, with over 60% of the population working in agriculture. Rice is a major crop, though agricultural productivity has fallen in recent decades. The country remains poor overall despite opening its economy in the 1990s, with GDP and living standards around 10% higher in the mid-1990s than 1985–1986. Myanmar is also a major producer of opium, though production has declined from its peak in the 1990s.
Indian agriculture_ Achievements and challenges.pdf
The new threats posed by next-generation technology require a second green revolution. According to the report, digital technology and extension services will boost information exchange and farmer awareness. The air assisted sprayer has been widely used for disease and pest management for decades due to its reputation as a highly effective pesticide application tool.
“Indian Agriculture: Achievements and Challenges” points out that despite the country’s improvement in output, ensuring food security, food inflation, and volatility remains a challenge, requiring supply-side intervention strategies, such as increasing public investment, extending storage resources, and developing food processing facilities. A low volume sprayer will allow farmers to achieve high yields.
RBI published “Indian Agriculture: Achievements and Challenges.”
GCARD2: Briefing paper National Food Security - MAIZE and its importance for ...
Maize provides at least 30% of calories for over 4.5 billion people in developing countries, yet recurrent crises and constraints threaten global food security. The MAIZE Research Program is a CGIAR alliance of over 300 institutions aiming to sustainably intensify maize farming systems to enhance farmer incomes and livelihoods. Its vision is to increase productivity by 7% by 2020 and 33% by 2030, benefiting 40 million farmers by 2020 and 175 million by 2030, and meeting additional demand from 135 million consumers by 2020 and 600 million by 2030. MAIZE addresses issues through nine strategic initiatives and has a budget of $97.8 million annually from CGIAR and bilateral donors.
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留信网认证的作用:
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2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
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留信网认证的作用:
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2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
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我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
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二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信：A575476】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：可来公司面谈，可签订合同，会陪同客户一起到教育部认证窗口递交认证材料，客户在教育部官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
Milton Keynes Hospital Charity - A guide to leaving a gift in your Will
A forever thank you in your Will to Milton Keynes University Hospital can change lives for years to come.
Spending in the 340B Drug Pricing Program, 2010 to 2021
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G7 Apulia Leaders Communique, June 2024 (1).pdf
G7 Apulia Leaders Communique, 14th June 2024
"The present Canon of the West"
2024: The FAR - Federal Acquisition Regulations, Part 42
Jennifer Schaus and Associates hosts a complimentary webinar series on The FAR in 2024. Join the webinars on Wednesdays and Fridays at noon, eastern.
Recordings are on YouTube and the company website.
https://www.youtube.com/@jenniferschaus/videos
Indira awas yojana housing scheme renamed as PMAY
Indira Awas Yojana (IAY) played a significant role in addressing rural housing needs in India. It emerged as a comprehensive program for affordable housing solutions in rural areas, predating the government’s broader focus on mass housing initiatives.
Bharat Mata - History of Indian culture.pdf
Bharat Mata Channel is an initiative towards keeping the culture of this country alive. Our effort is to spread the knowledge of Indian history, culture, religion and Vedas to the masses.
在线办理美国乔治华盛顿大学毕业证（gwu毕业证书）学历学位证书原版一模一样
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【美国乔治华盛顿大学毕业证（gwu毕业证书）学历学位证书】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Lecture 7 Module VII Agriculture Insurance - Support Services (2).pdf
Agriculture Insurance - Support Services
The Power of Community Newsletters: A Case Study from Wolverton and Greenleys...
YOU WILL DISCOVER:
The engaging history and evolution of Wolverton and Greenleys Town Council's newsletter
Strategies for producing a successful community newsletter and generating income through advertising
The decision-making process behind moving newsletter design from in-house to outsourcing and its impacts
Dive into the success story of Wolverton and Greenleys Town Council's newsletter in this insightful webinar. Hear from Mandy Shipp and Jemma English about the newsletter's journey from its inception to becoming a vital part of their community's communication, including its history, production process, and revenue generation through advertising. Discover the reasons behind outsourcing its design and the benefits this brought. Ideal for anyone involved in community engagement or interested in starting their own newsletter.
一比一原版(Adelaide毕业证)阿德莱德大学毕业证如何办理
原件一模一样【微信：95270640】【阿德莱德大学毕业证Adelaide学位证成绩单】【微信：95270640】（留信学历认证永久存档查询）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信：95270640】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信：95270640】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份【微信：95270640】
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：可来公司面谈，可签订合同，会陪同客户一起到教育部认证窗口递交认证材料，客户在教育部官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
办理阿德莱德大学毕业证毕业证假文凭Adelaide学位证【微信：95270640 】外观非常精致，由特殊纸质材料制成，上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。
办理阿德莱德大学毕业证Adelaide学位证毕业证假文凭【微信：95270640 】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：
校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。
校名:学校英文全称
授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。
毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。
颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。
其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。
办理阿德莱德大学毕业证毕业证假文凭Adelaide学位证【微信：95270640 】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。
综上所述，办理阿德莱德大学毕业证毕业证假文凭Adelaide学位证【微信：95270640 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重，格式统一，包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说，妥善保管是非常重要的。
一比一原版英国阿伯丁大学毕业证(AU毕业证书)学历如何办理
退学办理文凭【微信号:176555708】【(AU毕业证书)】【微信号:176555708】《成绩单、外壳、offer、真实留信官方学历认证（永久存档/真实可查）》采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【我们承诺采用的是学校原版纸张（纸质、底色、纹路）我们拥有全套进口原装设备，特殊工艺都是采用不同机器制作，仿真度基本可以达到100%，所有工艺效果都可提前给客户展示，不满意可以根据客户要求进行调整，直到满意为止！】
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信号:176555708】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信号:176555708】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
留信网服务项目：
1、留学生专业人才库服务（留信分析）
2、国（境）学习人员提供就业推荐信服务
3、留学人员区块链存储服务
【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）】
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：客户在留信官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
G7 Apulia Leaders Communique, 14th June 2024
G7 Apulia Leaders Communique, June 2024
" The present Canon of the West"
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Myanmar
- 1. Myanmar Bart Minten Program leader, Myanmar country program International Food Policy Research Institute 25/03/2022
- 2. Background Myanmar ▪ One of the poorest countries in South-East Asia ▪ Country’s economy hit hard over last year by twin crises: 1. covid-19 2. political turmoil ▪ 14.4 million people in humanitarian need (out of 55 million) (UN) ▪ Rice main staple: 1. About 60% of the calories of people 2. Half of cropland (in monsoon season) ▪ A rice exporting country
- 3. Rice prices Over the last 12 months: ▪ Internationally: prices down (Thai rice decrease of 19%) ▪ In Myanmar: 1/ Large increases at retail (difference secure and conflict- affected areas) 2/ Small increases at the farm level 3/ Increase in marketing costs (more in secure areas) 0 5 10 15 20 Conflict-affected Secure National % Rice price changes (%) Change 02/03-2022 versus 02/03-2021 Retail Farm
- 4. Fertilizer prices ▪ Biggest commercial input for farms ▪ Two years ago: 400 million usd imports; prices now 3.3 times as much ▪ Most fertilizer for rice but farm prices changed little -> less use of fertilizer -> contraction rice (and ag.) sector ▪ If reduction of fertilizer to half its normal level, agricultural output declines by 9- 12% 0 20 40 60 80 100 Mar-20 Mar-21 Mar-22 1000 MMK/bag of urea Local fertilizer prices (approximate)