Microorganisms produce two types of biopolymers to survive in extreme conditions: extracellular polysaccharides (EPSs) and endocellular polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs). EPSs are high molecular weight polymers biosynthesized by many microorganisms. They can be classified as homopolysaccharides or heteropolysaccharides depending on sugar composition. Microbes secrete EPSs for protective and adaptive functions. Commercial production involves optimizing fermentation conditions to improve yields for applications in pharmaceutical, food, and other industries.
Steps involved in fermentation products producing a viable product output.various steps and process were explained in them. A semester syllabus of undergraduate microbiology student in his/her semester -5 in paper -6 . I think this might be helpful to you and have a good response after reading this .thank you.
Secondary screening of industrial important microbes DhruviSuvagiya
Detection and isolation of a microorganism from a natural environment like soil containing large number of microbial population is called as screening. It is very time consuming and expensive process.
Steps involved in fermentation products producing a viable product output.various steps and process were explained in them. A semester syllabus of undergraduate microbiology student in his/her semester -5 in paper -6 . I think this might be helpful to you and have a good response after reading this .thank you.
Secondary screening of industrial important microbes DhruviSuvagiya
Detection and isolation of a microorganism from a natural environment like soil containing large number of microbial population is called as screening. It is very time consuming and expensive process.
Generally, organic acids are produced commercially either by chemical synthesis or fermentation. ... All organic acids of tricarboxylic acid cycle can be produced in high yields in microbiological processes. Among fermentation processes, the production of organic acids is dominated by submerged fermentation.
Bacteriocin are produced from lactic acid bacteria .
various lactic acid bacteria produces different kinds of bacteriocin .
Bacteriocin can be used as food preservative
Basic Knowledge about industrial microorganism. why industry choose microorganism rather than chemical. isolation technique of microorganism. source of microorganisms. Process of using microorganism. Disadvantages of using microorganisms in industry. Process of genetic modification of microorganisms. Storage process of microorganism. preservation methods of microorganism. Reculture methods of microorganism.
The following presentation is only for quick reference. I would advise you to read the theoretical aspects of the respective topic and then use this presentation for your last minute revision. I hope it helps you..!!
Mayur D. Chauhan
Industrial Production of Amino Acid (L-Lysine)Mominul Islam
Three amino acids which are produced at large scale includes-
- L-lysine
- L-glutamic acid
- DL- methionine
We are now going to discuss about the production of L-Lysine
Generally, organic acids are produced commercially either by chemical synthesis or fermentation. ... All organic acids of tricarboxylic acid cycle can be produced in high yields in microbiological processes. Among fermentation processes, the production of organic acids is dominated by submerged fermentation.
Bacteriocin are produced from lactic acid bacteria .
various lactic acid bacteria produces different kinds of bacteriocin .
Bacteriocin can be used as food preservative
Basic Knowledge about industrial microorganism. why industry choose microorganism rather than chemical. isolation technique of microorganism. source of microorganisms. Process of using microorganism. Disadvantages of using microorganisms in industry. Process of genetic modification of microorganisms. Storage process of microorganism. preservation methods of microorganism. Reculture methods of microorganism.
The following presentation is only for quick reference. I would advise you to read the theoretical aspects of the respective topic and then use this presentation for your last minute revision. I hope it helps you..!!
Mayur D. Chauhan
Industrial Production of Amino Acid (L-Lysine)Mominul Islam
Three amino acids which are produced at large scale includes-
- L-lysine
- L-glutamic acid
- DL- methionine
We are now going to discuss about the production of L-Lysine
Co hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass for microbial lipid accumulationzhenhua82
The herbaceous perennial energy crops miscanthus, giant reed, and switchgrass, along with the annual crop residue corn stover, were evaluated for their bioconversion potential. A co-hydrolysis process, which applied dilute acid pretreatment, directly followed by enzymatic saccharification without detoxification and liquidsolid separation between these two steps was implemented to convert lignocellulose into monomeric sugars (glucose and xylose). A factorial experiment in a randomized block design was employed to optimize the co-hydrolysis process. Under the optimal reaction conditions, corn stover exhibited the greatest total sugar yield (glucose+xylose) at 0.545gg1 dry biomass at 83.3% of the theoretical yield, followed by switch grass (0.44gg1 dry biomass, 65.8% of theoretical yield), giant reed (0.355gg1 dry biomass, 64.7% of theoretical yield), and miscanthus (0.349gg1 dry biomass, 58.1% of theoretical yield). The influence of combined severity factor on the susceptibility of pretreated substrates to enzymatic hydrolysis was clearly discernible, showing that co-hydrolysis is a technically feasible approach to release sugars from lignocellulosic biomass. The oleaginous fungus Mortierella isabellina was selected and applied to the co-hydrolysate mediums to accumulate fungal lipids due to its capability of utilizing both C5 and C6 sugars. Fungal cultivations grown on the co-hydrolysates exhibited comparable cell mass and lipid production to the synthetic medium with pure glucose and xylose. These results elucidated that combining fungal fermentation and co-hydrolysis to accumulate lipids could have the potential to enhance the utilization efficiency of lignocellulosic biomass for advanced biofuels production.
Effects of pretreatment of single and mixed lignocellulosic substrates on pro...Mushafau Adebayo Oke
A mixed substrate (MS) comprising oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB), oil palm frond (OPF), and rice husk (RH) was evaluated for endoglucanase production by Bacillus aerius S5.2. Effects of sulphuric acid, sodium hydroxide, N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide (NMMO), and hydrothermal pretreatments on endoglucanase production were investigated. Endoglucanase production by B. aerius on the untreated (0.677 U/mL) and pretreated MS (0.305 – 0.630 U/mL) was generally similar, except that the acid (0.305 U/mL) and hydrothermal (0.549 U/mL) pretreatments that were more severe consequently produced significantly lower titres. Alkali pretreatment supported the highest enzyme production (0.630 U/mL) among all pretreatments that were studied. When endoglucanase production on the alkali-pretreated MS and single substrates (SS) was compared, alkali-pretreated EFB produced a titre (0.655 U/mL) similar to the MS, and this was significantly higher than titres recorded on OPF (0.504 U/mL) and RH (0.525 U/mL). Lower enzyme production was found to be consistent with higher pretreatment severity and greater removal of amorphous regions in all the pretreatments. Furthermore, combining the SS showed no adverse effects on endoglucanase production.
Upon the evolution brought about in the fermentation technology resulted out into various methodologies for optimization of the product yield by economical consumption of the substrates. Eventually, these ventures led for the development of technologies classified into as Submerged and Solid State technologies and the latter one being the concept of interest whose detailed view will be provided in the following presentation
Effect of nitrogen and phosphorus amendment on the yield of a Chlorella sp. s...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— A strain of microalgae was isolated from phytoplankton samples collected from the sea coast of Amsheet, North Lebanon. Molecular diagnosis based on ribosomal RNA genes showed it to be most closely related to Chlorella sp. (GenBank accession KC188335.1) with over 90 % nucleotide identity. It was then evaluated whether N and P amendments of seawater fertilized with Guillard’s f/2 medium would improve algal growth and production. Addition of nitrogen (30 ppm) and/or phosphorus (2 ppm) to microalgae grown under laboratory conditions in 3L bioreactors resulted in improved biomass yield (mg dry matter/ L) by approximately 48%, and increased protein yield by approximately 56%, from 19.5% to 30.6% of DM content. Total protein yield/L of culture medium was therefore increased by approximately 83%. Total lipid content and carotenoid levels of the microalgal culture were not affected by the N+P amendement, whereas chlorophyll content was almost doubled. When lower levels of N+P supplementations, 10 and 20 ppm N, were tried, the biomass yield was also improved. The experiment was repeated in 20 L bioreactors in a plastic greenhouse, under normal environmental conditions, with an average temperature of 28°C and a maximum temperature of 36°C. At these relatively high temperatures, the growth rate was slowed down, but N supplementations at 10 and 20 ppm resulted in improved dry matter yield by 25 and 45% respectively, and protein content by 17 and 35%, respectively. Knowledge of the optimal culturing conditions of this local Chlorella strain is essential for its efficient production and is expected to serve future environmental and biotechnological purposes.
Enhanced endoglucanase production by Bacillus aerius on mixed lignocellulosic...Mushafau Adebayo Oke
Oke, M. A., Annuar, M. S. M., and Simarani, K. (2016). "Enhanced endoglucanase production by Bacillus aerius on mixed lignocellulosic substrates." BioResources, 11(3), 5854-5869.
Fruit and Vegetable Waste Hydrolysates as Growth Medium for Higher Biomass an...Premier Publishers
Fruit and vegetable wastes include peels, pulp and seeds that constitute about 40% of the total mass and constitute huge environmental problems. Cultivation of microalgae that utilizes fruit and vegetable wastes as feedstock to produce value added products such as biomass and lipids is a unique approach. Different concentrations of fruit waste hydrolysate (FWH) and vegetable waste hydrolysate (VWH) were used for heterotropic cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris thereby optimizing the suitable hydrolysate concentration for higher biomass and lipid production. FWH in the ratio of 8:2 has produced maximum specific growth rate of 1.92 µ d-1. Higher biomass was recorded in growth medium supplemented with FWH (0.16 mg L-1) than VWH medium. Highest chlorophyll content of 7.2 mg L-1 was observed in 8:2 ratio of FWH whereas it was 4.3 mg L-1 in VWH at the same concentration. Carotenoid content was highest in VWH than FWH media with a maximum content of 0.52 and 0.42 mg L-1 respectively. Fruit waste hydrolysates significantly increased the total lipid content than the vegetable waste hydrolysate medium. Highest lipid content of 6.63 mg L-1 was recorded in 8:2 ratio of FWH. This work demonstrates the feasibility of fruit waste hydrolysate as a nutrient source for algal cultivation and a cost reduction of growth medium in algal biomass and lipid production.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
2. Introduction
There are two main types of biopolymers
produced by microorganisms that survive extreme
conditions. These are the:
Extracellular polysaccharides (EPSs)
Endocellular polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs)
Exopolysaccharides (EPSs) are high molecular
weight and biodegradable polymers that are
biosynthesized by a wide range of microorganisms
(Madhuri & Vidya Prabhakar, 2014; Sanlibaba &
Çakmak, 2016).
3. Introduction
EPSs can be classified into two groups.
Homopolysaccharides are polymers which are
composed of one type of monosaccharide
Heteropolysaccharides are polymers of
repeating units that are composed of two or
more types of monosaccharide
Other organic or inorganic substituents can also be
found (Finore et al., 2014; Sanlibaba & Çakmak,
2016; Shukla, 2017).
5. Introduction
Microbial EPSs generally exist in two forms
depending on their locations:
Cell-bound EPSs which closely adhere to the
bacterial surface,
Released EPSs that release into the
surrounding medium, as free EPSs.
EPSs produced from LAB are distinguished as ropy
or non-ropy EPS (Sanlibaba & Çakmak, 2016)
6. Introduction
(a) Encapsulated Lb. casei (×1000); (b) macroscopic
appearance of the “ropy” strand formed by the cellular
mass of a EPS-producing L. acidophilus growing on the
surface of de Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe (MRS) agar plates
(Oleksy & Klewicka, 2016).
7. Introduction
EPSs are secreted by microorganisms for their survival
in harsh environmental conditions as a protective
mechanism (Poli et al., 2011; Shukla, 2017) rather than
as energy sources (Sanlibaba & Çakmak, 2016).
EPSs are produced in response to biotic stress (e.g.,
competition), abiotic stress factors (e.g., changes
temperature, light intensity, pH, salinity) and/or as a
strategy of adaptation to an extreme environment like
in the case of acidophilic or thermophilic species
(Donot, Fontana, Baccou, & Schorr-Galindo, 2012;
Freitas, Torres, & Reis, 2017).
8. Selected functions of EPS in bacterial cells
Adhesion
Aggregation of bacterial cells and formation of
biofilms
Protective barrier
Sorption of exogenous organic compounds
Sorption of inorganic ions
Retention of water
Nutrient source
Interaction with enzymes
(Oleksy & Klewicka, 2016)
9. Examples of EPSs
Dextran - Leuconostoc mesenteroides
subsp.mesenteroides and Leuconostoc
mesenteroides subsp.dextranicum
Mutan - Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus
sobrinus
Alternan - Leuconostoc mesenteroides
Reuteran - Lactobacillus reuteri
Others include Levan, Inulin, Kefiran, Glucan etc.
10. EPSs biosynthesis
The four main steps of
the synthesis:
Sugar transportation,
Sugar nucleotide
synthesis,
Repeating unit
synthesis, and
Polymerization of the
repeating units formed
in the cytoplasm
(Donot et al., 2012;
Sanlibaba & Çakmak,
2016)
Intracellular
synthesis of the
polysaccharides
Exudation of
polysaccharides
out of the cell
Carbon
substrate
assimilation
11. EPSs biosynthesis
1. The sugar
transport
into the
cytoplasm
2. the
synthesis of
sugar-1-
phosphates
3.
activation
of and
coupling
of sugars
4. the
processes
involved in
the export of
the EPS
12. EPSs biosynthesis
EPS production is
observed during all
growth phases but
increased during the
stationary phase, like
for Anabaena
flosaquae, Anabaena
cylindrical or
Botryococcus braunii.
Inversely, Nostoc strains synthesise extracellular
polysaccharides in larger amounts in exponential
growth phase (Delattre et al., 2016).
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
0 5 10 15 20 25
LogMicrobialcounts
Time (Days)
Microbial growth
13. EPS Production
Although the ability to secrete exopolysaccharides
(EPS) is widespread among microorganisms, only a
few bacterial (e.g. xanthan, levan, dextran) and
fungal (e.g. pullulan) EPS have reached full
commercialization.
Other microbial EPS producers have been the
subject of extensive research, including
endophytes, extremophiles, microalgae and
Cyanobacteria, as well as mixed microbial
consortia. (Freitas et al., 2017).
15. EPS Production: Substrates
Carbon availability concomitant with limiting nitrogen
is usually reported as favoring EPS production by
microorganisms.
Under growth limiting conditions, the carbon source is
derived towards polysaccharide synthesis is (Delattre
et al., 2016; Freitas et al., 2017)
Glucose and sucrose are the most commonly used
carbon sources for microbial cultivation and
production of EPS for most microorganisms.
Other elements, such as phosphorus, potassium and
metal cations, are also required for microbial growth
and EPS synthesis.
16. Process operation conditions
To assure a stable and reproducible bioprocess
performance, cultivation parameters, such as pH,
temperature, Dissolved Oxygen concentration,
irradiance, carbon dioxide supply and stirrer
speed
These are often monitored and/or controlled
within defined ranges for different cultures.
Mixing and aeration are also relevant parameters
as they determine the availability of nutrients and
oxygen (Freitas et al., 2017)
17. Cultivation mode
At lab scale, small bioreactors with similar design as
those of the large scale production fermenters
The selection of the most adequate cultivation mode
will depend on whether EPS production is growth
associated (e.g. gellan)or non-growth associated (e.g.
curdlan).
Most microbial EPS production processes are simple
batch cultures or single pulse fed-batch cultures,
following exhaustion of nitrogen source in the medium
(Delattre et al., 2016; Freitas et al., 2017).
Nevertheless, other cultivation modes are proposed,
including fed-batch and continuous culture.
18. Bioreactor design
Stirred tank reactors (STRs) are the most utilized
fermenters at both lab and industrial scale.
The two most commonly used fermenter
configurations for microbial cultivation are the
continuous STR (CSTR) and the air-lift reactor
(ALR).
Other fermenter configurations have been used
for EPS production by different microorganisms.
For example, continuous production of levan in a
packed-bed bioreactor (Freitas et al., 2017).
19. Downstream processing/ Recovery
The specific method used for recovery of EPS from
the cultivation broth depends on characteristics of
the producing organisms, the type of
polysaccharide and the desired degree of purity.
The downstream processing involves several steps,
Starting with cell removal by centrifugation or filtration,
Recovery of the polymer from the cell- free
supernatant.
Precipitation of the polymer by addition of a water-miscible
non-polar solvent, such as acetone, ethanol or isopropanol.
The precipitate can then easily be separated from the solvent-
water mixture and dried.
20. Downstream processing/ Recovery
Several additional procedures can be used to
remove contaminants, namely re-precipitation
with diluted aqueous solutions, deproteinization
by chemical or enzymatic methods and membrane
processes (Kumar, Anandapandian, & Parthiban,
2011; Finore et al., 2014; Freitas et al., 2017).
21. Examples: EPS produced by the native Leuconostoc
pseudomesenteroides (Paulo et al., 2012).
For the extraction of exopolysaccharides, after the incubation
period, the culture is homogenized
centrifuged
The pelleted material is discarded, and absolute alcohol (1:2)
added
stored in the refrigerator
The EPS precipitates are separated using decantation flasks.
Each precipitate is partially purified by conducting three
successive washes in distilled water, followed by reprecipitation
in absolute alcohol
Subsequently, the precipitates can undergo dialysis in distilled
water by adding in membranes with an exclusion limit of 15 kDa
The EPS precipitates were dried in an oven to a constant weight
The EPSs in the form of powder are stored in airtight glass jars
25. Production Yields
Depending on the species and the cultivation
conditions, EPS production by bacteria may range
between 0.29 and 100 g/L, in processes taking 0.5
– 7 days (Freitas et al., 2017).
Fungi usually have longer cultivation times (2 - 32
days) than bacteria (0.5 – 7 days), which in some
cases translates into lower volumetric
productivities (Freitas et al., 2017)
26. Scale up
Elective methods for improving the
commercial scale production and field
application of microbial biopolymers are;
optimizing the fermentation conditions,
biotechnological tools involving genetic and
metabolic engineering,
the exploration of cheap fermentation
substrates for their production (Sanlibaba &
Çakmak, 2016).
27. Application
According to Shukla, (2017) and Sanlibaba & Çakmak,
(2016) Bacterial EPSs have possible commercial
applications in
pharmaceutical industry,
food processing,
drug detoxification,
bioremediation,
cosmetics
Bioflocculants,
bio-absorbents,
heavy metal removal agents,
drug delivery agents,
28. Uses in the food industry
In the food industry microbial EPSs can be used in
control viscosity and modify flow
Improve texture, mouth feel and freeze-thaw stability,
Thickeners,
Suspending agents,
Low calories food products,
Dietary fibers
Films and coating agents,
Salad dressings,
Frozen food icing,
Moisturizing agents
29. Conclusion
EPSs are secreted by microorganisms for their
survival in harsh environmental conditions
especially for protection.
Different microbial species can produce EPS
depending on the cultivation conditions
Bacterial EPSs have possible commercial
applications in in may industrial processes