Bacteriocin are produced from lactic acid bacteria .
various lactic acid bacteria produces different kinds of bacteriocin .
Bacteriocin can be used as food preservative
Secondary screening of industrial important microbes DhruviSuvagiya
Detection and isolation of a microorganism from a natural environment like soil containing large number of microbial population is called as screening. It is very time consuming and expensive process.
Steps involved in fermentation products producing a viable product output.various steps and process were explained in them. A semester syllabus of undergraduate microbiology student in his/her semester -5 in paper -6 . I think this might be helpful to you and have a good response after reading this .thank you.
Secondary screening of industrial important microbes DhruviSuvagiya
Detection and isolation of a microorganism from a natural environment like soil containing large number of microbial population is called as screening. It is very time consuming and expensive process.
Steps involved in fermentation products producing a viable product output.various steps and process were explained in them. A semester syllabus of undergraduate microbiology student in his/her semester -5 in paper -6 . I think this might be helpful to you and have a good response after reading this .thank you.
The term “fermentation” is derived from the Latin verb fervere, to boil, thus describing the appearance of the action of yeast on extracts of fruit or malted grain. The boiling appearance is due to the production of carbon dioxide bubbles caused by the anaerobic catabolism of the sugars present in the extract. However, fermentation has come to have different meanings to biochemists and to industrial microbiologists. Its biochemical meaning relates to the generation of energy by the catabolism of organic compounds, whereas its meaning in industrial microbiology tends to be much broader. Fermentation is a word that has many meanings for the microbiologist: 1 Any process involving the mass culture of microorganisims, either aerobic or anaerobic. 2 Any biological process that occurs in the absence of O2. 3 Food spoilage. 4 The production of
Basic Knowledge about industrial microorganism. why industry choose microorganism rather than chemical. isolation technique of microorganism. source of microorganisms. Process of using microorganism. Disadvantages of using microorganisms in industry. Process of genetic modification of microorganisms. Storage process of microorganism. preservation methods of microorganism. Reculture methods of microorganism.
Microbial Kinetics in Batch Culture
Culture system containing a limited amount of nutrient, which is inoculated with the microorganism. Cells grow until some component is exhausted or until the environment changes so as to inhibit growth. Biomass concentration defined in terms of cell dry weight measurements (g/l) or total cell number (cells/ml).
Lineweaver-Burke Equation.....We remember the Monod Equation
Invert…
The equation now has the form of a straight line with intercept.
Y = MX + C
By plotting as a function of
You get a straight line, where the slope is , and the y–axis intercept is .
Product Yield Coefficient
Maintenance:
Cells use energy and raw materials for two functions, production of new cells and the maintenance of existing cells. In general, consumption of materials for maintenance is small w.r.t. the amount of materials used in the synthesis of new biomass.
Generally it is assumed that the use of materials for maintenance is proportional to the amount of cells present.
Science and technology of manipulating and improving microbial strains, in order to enhance their metabolic capacities for biotechnological applications, are referred to as strain improvement.
The material describes components of industrial fermentation media with their respective metabolic importance for the industrial microbes. it also addresses industrial scale sterilization methods.
The term “fermentation” is derived from the Latin verb fervere, to boil, thus describing the appearance of the action of yeast on extracts of fruit or malted grain. The boiling appearance is due to the production of carbon dioxide bubbles caused by the anaerobic catabolism of the sugars present in the extract. However, fermentation has come to have different meanings to biochemists and to industrial microbiologists. Its biochemical meaning relates to the generation of energy by the catabolism of organic compounds, whereas its meaning in industrial microbiology tends to be much broader. Fermentation is a word that has many meanings for the microbiologist: 1 Any process involving the mass culture of microorganisims, either aerobic or anaerobic. 2 Any biological process that occurs in the absence of O2. 3 Food spoilage. 4 The production of
Basic Knowledge about industrial microorganism. why industry choose microorganism rather than chemical. isolation technique of microorganism. source of microorganisms. Process of using microorganism. Disadvantages of using microorganisms in industry. Process of genetic modification of microorganisms. Storage process of microorganism. preservation methods of microorganism. Reculture methods of microorganism.
Microbial Kinetics in Batch Culture
Culture system containing a limited amount of nutrient, which is inoculated with the microorganism. Cells grow until some component is exhausted or until the environment changes so as to inhibit growth. Biomass concentration defined in terms of cell dry weight measurements (g/l) or total cell number (cells/ml).
Lineweaver-Burke Equation.....We remember the Monod Equation
Invert…
The equation now has the form of a straight line with intercept.
Y = MX + C
By plotting as a function of
You get a straight line, where the slope is , and the y–axis intercept is .
Product Yield Coefficient
Maintenance:
Cells use energy and raw materials for two functions, production of new cells and the maintenance of existing cells. In general, consumption of materials for maintenance is small w.r.t. the amount of materials used in the synthesis of new biomass.
Generally it is assumed that the use of materials for maintenance is proportional to the amount of cells present.
Science and technology of manipulating and improving microbial strains, in order to enhance their metabolic capacities for biotechnological applications, are referred to as strain improvement.
The material describes components of industrial fermentation media with their respective metabolic importance for the industrial microbes. it also addresses industrial scale sterilization methods.
-Introduction
-About bacteriocins
-Classification of bacteriocins
-Role in food preservation
-How to add bacteriocins in foods
-Advantages and disadvantages
-Conclusion.
Bacteriocins as food preservatives 1 copy (1)JuhiMishra16
this presentation describes about the bacteriocin and their mode of action. It also describes about its use along with the hurdle technology to enhance shelf life of food products.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
PHP Frameworks: I want to break free (IPC Berlin 2024)Ralf Eggert
In this presentation, we examine the challenges and limitations of relying too heavily on PHP frameworks in web development. We discuss the history of PHP and its frameworks to understand how this dependence has evolved. The focus will be on providing concrete tips and strategies to reduce reliance on these frameworks, based on real-world examples and practical considerations. The goal is to equip developers with the skills and knowledge to create more flexible and future-proof web applications. We'll explore the importance of maintaining autonomy in a rapidly changing tech landscape and how to make informed decisions in PHP development.
This talk is aimed at encouraging a more independent approach to using PHP frameworks, moving towards a more flexible and future-proof approach to PHP development.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Connector Corner: Automate dynamic content and events by pushing a buttonDianaGray10
Here is something new! In our next Connector Corner webinar, we will demonstrate how you can use a single workflow to:
Create a campaign using Mailchimp with merge tags/fields
Send an interactive Slack channel message (using buttons)
Have the message received by managers and peers along with a test email for review
But there’s more:
In a second workflow supporting the same use case, you’ll see:
Your campaign sent to target colleagues for approval
If the “Approve” button is clicked, a Jira/Zendesk ticket is created for the marketing design team
But—if the “Reject” button is pushed, colleagues will be alerted via Slack message
Join us to learn more about this new, human-in-the-loop capability, brought to you by Integration Service connectors.
And...
Speakers:
Akshay Agnihotri, Product Manager
Charlie Greenberg, Host
JMeter webinar - integration with InfluxDB and GrafanaRTTS
Watch this recorded webinar about real-time monitoring of application performance. See how to integrate Apache JMeter, the open-source leader in performance testing, with InfluxDB, the open-source time-series database, and Grafana, the open-source analytics and visualization application.
In this webinar, we will review the benefits of leveraging InfluxDB and Grafana when executing load tests and demonstrate how these tools are used to visualize performance metrics.
Length: 30 minutes
Session Overview
-------------------------------------------
During this webinar, we will cover the following topics while demonstrating the integrations of JMeter, InfluxDB and Grafana:
- What out-of-the-box solutions are available for real-time monitoring JMeter tests?
- What are the benefits of integrating InfluxDB and Grafana into the load testing stack?
- Which features are provided by Grafana?
- Demonstration of InfluxDB and Grafana using a practice web application
To view the webinar recording, go to:
https://www.rttsweb.com/jmeter-integration-webinar
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
Kubernetes & AI - Beauty and the Beast !?! @KCD Istanbul 2024Tobias Schneck
As AI technology is pushing into IT I was wondering myself, as an “infrastructure container kubernetes guy”, how get this fancy AI technology get managed from an infrastructure operational view? Is it possible to apply our lovely cloud native principals as well? What benefit’s both technologies could bring to each other?
Let me take this questions and provide you a short journey through existing deployment models and use cases for AI software. On practical examples, we discuss what cloud/on-premise strategy we may need for applying it to our own infrastructure to get it to work from an enterprise perspective. I want to give an overview about infrastructure requirements and technologies, what could be beneficial or limiting your AI use cases in an enterprise environment. An interactive Demo will give you some insides, what approaches I got already working for real.
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
Search and Society: Reimagining Information Access for Radical FuturesBhaskar Mitra
The field of Information retrieval (IR) is currently undergoing a transformative shift, at least partly due to the emerging applications of generative AI to information access. In this talk, we will deliberate on the sociotechnical implications of generative AI for information access. We will argue that there is both a critical necessity and an exciting opportunity for the IR community to re-center our research agendas on societal needs while dismantling the artificial separation between the work on fairness, accountability, transparency, and ethics in IR and the rest of IR research. Instead of adopting a reactionary strategy of trying to mitigate potential social harms from emerging technologies, the community should aim to proactively set the research agenda for the kinds of systems we should build inspired by diverse explicitly stated sociotechnical imaginaries. The sociotechnical imaginaries that underpin the design and development of information access technologies needs to be explicitly articulated, and we need to develop theories of change in context of these diverse perspectives. Our guiding future imaginaries must be informed by other academic fields, such as democratic theory and critical theory, and should be co-developed with social science scholars, legal scholars, civil rights and social justice activists, and artists, among others.
Software Delivery At the Speed of AI: Inflectra Invests In AI-Powered QualityInflectra
In this insightful webinar, Inflectra explores how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming software development and testing. Discover how AI-powered tools are revolutionizing every stage of the software development lifecycle (SDLC), from design and prototyping to testing, deployment, and monitoring.
Learn about:
• The Future of Testing: How AI is shifting testing towards verification, analysis, and higher-level skills, while reducing repetitive tasks.
• Test Automation: How AI-powered test case generation, optimization, and self-healing tests are making testing more efficient and effective.
• Visual Testing: Explore the emerging capabilities of AI in visual testing and how it's set to revolutionize UI verification.
• Inflectra's AI Solutions: See demonstrations of Inflectra's cutting-edge AI tools like the ChatGPT plugin and Azure Open AI platform, designed to streamline your testing process.
Whether you're a developer, tester, or QA professional, this webinar will give you valuable insights into how AI is shaping the future of software delivery.
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
To Graph or Not to Graph Knowledge Graph Architectures and LLMs
Bacteriocin From lactic acid bacteria
1.
2. INTRODUCTION
• The use of non-pathogenic microorganisms and/or their metabolites to improve
microbiological safety and extend the shelf life of foods is defined as biopreservation
• Antagonistic properties of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) allied to their safe history of use
in traditional food fermented products make them very attractive to be used as
biopreservatives.bacteriocins are an interesting group of biomolecules with
antimicrobial properties that may represent a good alternative.
3. LACTIC ACID BACTERIA
• Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are characterized as Gram-positive cocci or rods, non-
aerobic but aerotolerant, able to ferment carbohydrates for energy and lactic acid
production.
• These microorganisms are found in milk, meat and fermented products, as well as in
fermented vegetables and beverages inhibiting the growth of pathogenic and
deteriorating microorganisms, maintaining the nutritive quality and improving the
shelf life of foods. They have also been used as flavor and texture producers.
4. • LAB are usually known as safe (GRAS), and have
an important role in the preservation of foods and
fermented products. They can be used as natural
competitive microbiota or as specific starter
cultures under controlled conditions . Some of
these bacteria produce antagonistic substances,
called bacteriocins, which in small amounts are
very active against pathogens.
5. BACTERIOCINS
• Bacteriocins are proteins or complexed proteins biologically active with
antimicrobial action against other bacteria, principally closely related species. They
are produced by bacteria and are normally not termed antibiotics in order to avoid
confusion and concern with therapeutic antibiotics, which can potentially illicit
allergic reactions in humans and other medical problems.
• Bacteriocins differ from most therapeutic antibiotics in being proteinaceous agents
that are rapidly digested by proteases in the human digestive tract. They are
ribosomally synthesized peptides, and this fact creates the possibility of improving
their characteristics to enhance their activitiy and spectra of action.
6. CLASSIFICATION OF BACTERIOCINS
• There is a wide number of bacteriocins produced by different LAB and they can be
classified according to their biochemical and genetic characteristics.
1. Class I. – Lantibiotics:
• small (< 5 kDa) heat-stable peptides acting on membrane structures.
• two subclasses based on structural similarities.
Subclass Ia included relatively elongated, flexible and positively charged peptides.
Subclass Ib peptides are characteristically globular, more rigid in structure and are
either negatively charged or have no net charge.
7. 2.Class II-Non-Lantibiotics:
• Small (<10 kDa), heat-stable, containing regular amino-acids. This group was divided into
three subgroups:
Class IIa: peptides active against Listeria; pediocin PA-1 and sakacin P.
Class IIb: formed by a complex of two distinct peptides. In this group are lactococcin G and
plantaricins EF and JK.
Class IIc: transported by leader-peptides; found only the bacteriocins divergicin A and
acidocin B.
3.Class III:
Big peptides, with molecular weight over 30 kDa. helveticins J and V acidofilicin A and
lactacins A and B.
8. Other Bacteriocins
• Class II acidocin CH5 is produced by Lactobacillus acidophilus, and has a restricted
activity against Gram-positive bacteria.
• Another L. acidophilus bacteriocin is lactacin F, which is a proteinaceous heat-stable
component and inhibitory for other lactobacilli as well as Enterococcus faecalis.
• Leuconostoc species have been associated with raw foodstuffs, dairy products and
wine fermentation. Bacteriocin producing leuconostocs were isolated from vacuum
packaged meat, retail lamb, goat’s milk and cheddar cheese.
9. • Pediocin F, one of the bacteriocins produced by P. acidilactici isolated from fermented
sausage, is a small peptide, has shown to be effective against many bacteria associated with
food spoilage and food related health hazards. Pediocin F is reported to be sensitive to
proteolytic enzymes, resistant to heat and organic solvents, and active over a wide range of
pH.
• Lactic acid bacteria are capable of producing other substances, known as bacteriocin-like
substances (BLS). An example of this class of molecule is reuterin, produced by some strains
of Lactobacillus reuteri during anaerobic fermentation of glycerol. It is water-soluble, active
over a wide range of pH values and resistant to proteolytic and lipolytic enzymes, being a
suitable compound for food biopreservation.
10. Benefits Of Bacteriocin In Food
Nisins:
• Prevents chlostridial spoilage of processed and natural cheeses
• inhibits the growth of some psychrotrophic bacteria extending the shelf life of milk in
warm countries
• It has also been used in the control of Listeria monocytogenes in meat
11. Isolation And Purification
• Screening of lactic acid bacteria differerent sources.
• Researchers have isolated several strains of lactic acid bacteria from food products as
cheese and milk.
• Usual methods for bacteriocins extraction are based on their affinity to organic
solvents, their variation in solubility in concentrated salt solutions and at a given pH
value.
12.
13. Purification Of Class 1 Bacteriocins
• Lactococci are widely employed in the dairy industry. Bacteria from this group are
involved in the production of the lantibiotic nisin, lactococcins, lactostrepcins,
diplococcins and others.
• Suárez (1997) have proposed a single-step method for the purification of nisin,
based on an immunoafinity chromatography.
• Lactocin S, a bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus sake L45, has been purified to
homogeneity by precipitation of the cell-free supernatant with ammonium sulfate ,ion
exchange , hydrophobic interaction and reverse-phase chromatography and gel
filtration .
14. Purification Of Class II Bacteriocin
• lactococcin B, produced by Lactococcus lactis, was purified by a method that does not
involve chromatography columns. Instead, the cell-free supernatant of the culture was
subjected to ethanol precipitation and preparative isoelectric focusing (freeze-drying)
after addition of ampholytes, Tween 20 and glycine. Ultrafiltration was used and the
purified sample subjected to tricine SDSPAGE.
15. Purification Of Class III Bacteriocin
• Helveticin J, a peptide produced by Lactobacillus helveticus 481 is a class III
bacteriocin, sensitive to proteolytic enzymes and heat. It was purified by Joerger and
Klaenhammer (1986) using ammonium sulfate precipitation; the pellet was
ressuspended in sodium acetate buffer and dialysed against the same buffer. The sample
was applied to a Sephadex column for gel chromatography, followed by SDS-page.
• Lactobacillus acidophilus produces a bacteriocin called lactacin B, which has been
purified by ion exchange chromatography .
16. Mode Of Action
LAB bacteriocins can work via different mechanisms to
exert an antimicrobial effect, but the cell envelope is
generally the target. The initial electrostatic attraction
between the target cell membrane and the bacteriocin
peptide is thought to be the driving force for subsequent
events.
In class I, nisin does not require a receptor on the cell
membrane, since it recognizes the phospholipidic
composition of the cell. Lactococin A and lactoestrepcin
require binding to a specifc receptor.
17. • For class IIa bacteriocins, it is believed that the amino-terminal region has an
important role in the ability to recognize cell membrane components, and they act by
permeabilizing the membrane of their target cells .
• Studies on the mode of action of these bacteriocins indicate that antimicrobial
activity does not require a specific receptor and is enhanced by a determined
membrane potential.
18. CONCLUSION
• During the last decade, a large number of LAB bacteriocins have been identified, and
in some cases, biochemically and genetically characterized. This explosion in
bacteriocin research has been favored by the recognition of the role that these
producing bacteria may play in the hygienic quality assurance of food and as feed
supplements .Among the lactic acid bacteria, a high diversity of bacteriocins are
produced and several have been patented for their applications in foods.