This document provides an overview of process monitoring and auditing. It defines monitoring as ongoing checking and measuring that is typically done by operations staff, while an audit takes a formal, systematic approach to evaluate processes and controls. The document outlines key characteristics of monitoring and auditing, as well as introducing the concepts of pre-audit activities, onsite audit activities, post-audit activities, internal vs external audits, the audit function, and types of auditing such as continuous auditing. It concludes that auditing determines compliance with specifications and reviews quality systems to achieve quality, and is most effective when performed by qualified professionals focused on clear objectives.