This document outlines principles of planning and building bye-laws including definitions of key terms. It discusses factors to consider for planning like aspect, prospect, privacy, and economy. It also outlines requirements for building permits including necessary plans, specifications, fees and approvals. Dimensional requirements are provided for minimum room sizes, lighting/ventilation, staircases, and other building elements. Key considerations include privacy, access, structure safety, and ensuring health standards.
The clear distance ahead of vehicle which is visible to the driver is known as sight distance
The minimum distance within which a driver can safely stop his vehicle without any collision with some vehicle, animal or any other object is known as stopping sight distance.
This presentation will give the brief introduction to the specifications, its different types along with link to example of detailed specifications. Specifications of buildings and roads are discussed.
Definition,
functions,
types of foundations,
foundation loads,
selection criteria for foundations based on soil conditions,
bearing capacity of soil,
methods of testing,
method of improving bearing capacity of soil,
settlement of foundations,
precautions against settlement,
shallow and deep foundations,
different types of foundations – wall footing (strip footing), isolated footing, combined footing, raft foundation, pile foundation etc.
The clear distance ahead of vehicle which is visible to the driver is known as sight distance
The minimum distance within which a driver can safely stop his vehicle without any collision with some vehicle, animal or any other object is known as stopping sight distance.
This presentation will give the brief introduction to the specifications, its different types along with link to example of detailed specifications. Specifications of buildings and roads are discussed.
Definition,
functions,
types of foundations,
foundation loads,
selection criteria for foundations based on soil conditions,
bearing capacity of soil,
methods of testing,
method of improving bearing capacity of soil,
settlement of foundations,
precautions against settlement,
shallow and deep foundations,
different types of foundations – wall footing (strip footing), isolated footing, combined footing, raft foundation, pile foundation etc.
This presentation covers introduction to Estimating and costing and its importance. Also, types of estimation, different terms and provisions used in estimating, are explained in it. Format of measurement sheet and abstract sheet and the rate analysis has been covered in this presentation. It can be helpful to study basics of estimating and costing.
Presentation on building bye laws as per GTU (syllabus) building & town planning.
It is my first presentation on slide share so please give suggestion on given topic or any other requirement.
Thank you.
Detailed specification of an item of work specifies the quantities of materials, proportion of mortar, workmanship, method of preparation & execution and method of measurement.
Detailed specifications of different items of works are prepared separately and describe what the work should be and these shall be executed and constructed.
Pile foundation is important for construction of foundation where bearing capacity of soil is poor. Pile foundation is use for distribution of uneven load of superstructure.There are so many type of pile are use for construction. Here i present some of pile with suitable condition for construction and methods for construction.
Thank you.
Transition curve and Super-elevation
Transition Curve
Objectives of Transition Curve
Properties Of Transition Curve
Types Of Transition Curve
Length Of Transition Curve
Superelevation
Objective of providing superelevation
Advantages of providing superelevation
Superelevation Formula
Numerical
This presentation covers introduction to Estimating and costing and its importance. Also, types of estimation, different terms and provisions used in estimating, are explained in it. Format of measurement sheet and abstract sheet and the rate analysis has been covered in this presentation. It can be helpful to study basics of estimating and costing.
Presentation on building bye laws as per GTU (syllabus) building & town planning.
It is my first presentation on slide share so please give suggestion on given topic or any other requirement.
Thank you.
Detailed specification of an item of work specifies the quantities of materials, proportion of mortar, workmanship, method of preparation & execution and method of measurement.
Detailed specifications of different items of works are prepared separately and describe what the work should be and these shall be executed and constructed.
Pile foundation is important for construction of foundation where bearing capacity of soil is poor. Pile foundation is use for distribution of uneven load of superstructure.There are so many type of pile are use for construction. Here i present some of pile with suitable condition for construction and methods for construction.
Thank you.
Transition curve and Super-elevation
Transition Curve
Objectives of Transition Curve
Properties Of Transition Curve
Types Of Transition Curve
Length Of Transition Curve
Superelevation
Objective of providing superelevation
Advantages of providing superelevation
Superelevation Formula
Numerical
Building bye-laws serve as essential legal instruments employed to govern and...sruthigoud6
uilding bye-laws, also known as building codes or regulations, are a set of rules and guidelines established by local, regional, or national authorities to govern the construction, renovation, and maintenance of buildings. These bye-laws are essential for ensuring the safety, structural integrity, and functionality of structures and promoting the well-being of occupants and the environment. However, the specifics of building bye-laws can vary significantly from one jurisdiction to another, reflecting local conditions, cultural preferences, and technological advancements.
Building bye-laws serve as essential legal instruments employed to govern and control various aspects of construction, including parameters such as building coverage, height, the extent of construction, and architectural designs. These regulations play a crucial role in steering and managing the development of a region in an organised and sustainable manner.
In addition to these primary functions, building bye-laws encompass a broader set of responsibilities, such as promoting safety, ensuring adherence to environmental standards, facilitating urban planning, and harmonising with the cultural and historical context of the area. These multifaceted regulations thus serve as a cornerstone in the responsible and well-balanced growth of a locality.
The various aspects of Building Bye-laws are:
Set-back or Building Line: Building bye-laws dictate the minimum open space required in front of buildings facing a road, known as the set-back or building line. This regulation aims to maintain street aesthetics, prevent overcrowding, and enhance safety by improving visibility. Set-back areas can also be repurposed as parking spaces or green areas.
Floor Space Index (FAR) or Floor Area Ratio: FAR, expressed as the ratio of a building's total floor area to the land area it occupies, is used to control the intensity of development. It's a tool for regulating population density. For instance, a FAR of 1.5 means the total floor area is 1.5 times the land area.
Built-up Area: The built-up area is the plot area minus the space allocated for open areas. Building codes specify the maximum permissible built-up area based on the plot size to prevent overdevelopment.
Size of Rooms: Building bye-laws stipulate minimum room sizes to ensure adequate space for health and proper ventilation. Different types of rooms have specific size requirements, promoting comfortable living conditions.
Height of Buildings: The height of buildings is determined based on street width, to maintain urban aesthetics and safety. Narrower streets have lower height allowances.
Lighting and Ventilation: Building codes mandate the provision of windows and ventilators to ensure sufficient room lighting and ventilation. The minimum opening areas are stipulated for different climate conditions.
Water Supply and Sanitary Provisions: Building codes set standards for water supply and sanitation facilities, such as taps, sinks, water
Develpment contols chandigarh, periphery control pb lawsJIT KUMAR GUPTA
presentation describes the controls applicable in chandigarh within and outside the city besides few development laws applicable in the state of Punjab
Introduction
Types
Building Rules & Regulations
Orientation
External Circulation
External Elements
Grouping
Internal Circulation
Space Analysis
Building Services
LIBRARY STUDY OF GROUP HOUSING BY 3RD YEAR STUDENTS OF BACHELORS OF ARCHITECTURE - INDO GLOBAL COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AFFILIATED WITH I.K. GUJRAL PUNJAB TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
5. Various Terms and Definitions
• Act:
- Maharashtra Municipal Councils, Nagar Panchayats and Industrial
Townships Act, 1965
-The Maharashtra Regional and Town Planning Act, 1966
• Alteration :
• Amenity Space: Statutory space kept in layout for amenities
• Access:
• Balcony:.
6. • Basement: - The lower storey of a building below or partly below the ground
level.
• Building:- Any structure for whatsoever purpose and of whatsoever materials
constructed and every part thereof whether used as human habitation or not
• Built up Area:-
• Building Line:-
• Building Height:-
• Builder:-
• Carpet Area
• Control Line
• Canopy
7. • Congested Area:
• Detached Building:
• Development Plan:
a plan for the development of the area within the jurisdiction
of a Planning Authority and includes revision of a development plan and
proposals of a Special Planning Authority for development of land
within its jurisdictions.
• Floor space index (F. S. I) Or F.A.R :
The quotient obtained by dividing the total covered area (plinth
area) on all floors, excluding exempted areas as given in
Regulation by the area of the plot.
F.S.I. = Total covered areas on all floors / Plot area:-
8. • Gallery :
• Group Housing Scheme:
• Habitable Room:
• High Rise Building: height equal to more than 15 m.
• Loft:
• Marginal Open Space / Set back:
• Mezzanine floor:
9. Types of Buildings
• Residential Buildings: (Sleeping Accommodation is Provided)
• Educational Buildings: (exclusively used for Education Purpose)
• Institutional Buildings:(Constructed or used by Govt.Semi Govt or
registered trust ,used for Medical and other treatment)
• Assembly Buildings:(Gathering of people for Entertainment)
• Mercantile Buildings:( Shops,Store,Market,Mall,Merchandise
office,storage and service facilities etc)
• Industrial Buildings:
• Storage Buildings:
10. Procedure For Obtaining Development Permission /
Building Permit / Commencement Certificate.
• Notice: Appendix A1 or A2
• Copies of Plans and Statements:
Minimum four copies of plans and statements shall be made
available along with the notice. In case of building schemes, where
clearance is required from other agencies like Fire Services, number of
copies of plans required shall be as decided by the Chief Officer.
11. Information Accompanying Notice:-
• Ownership title and area:
• Key Plan or Location Plan:-
1. drawn to a scale of not less than 1:10,000
2. showing the boundary and location of the site with respect to
neighborhood landmarks or with respect to the area within the
radius of 200 m
12. • Site Plan:
drawn to a scale of 1:500 or more as may be decided by the Chief Officer.
The plan have following details-
1. The boundaries of the site and of any contiguous land belonging to the neighboring owners;
2. The position of the site in relation to neighboring streets ;
3. The name of the street, if any, from which the building is proposed to derive access;
4. All existing buildings contained in the site with their names (where the buildings are given
names) and their property numbers.
5. The position of the building and of other buildings, if any, which the applicant intends to erect,
upon his contiguous land.
6. The means of access from the street to the building.
7. The space to be left around the building to secure free circulation of air, admission of light and
access.
8. Width of access from front as well as from rare and side (if available)street,
9. Space left from all side of building, Direction of North, Existing Physical Feature.
10. The ground area of the whole property and the break-up of the covered area on each floor.
13. • Sub - Division/ Layout Plan
• Building Plan
• Service Plan
• Specifications
• Supervision
• Building Permit Fee
• Security Deposit Fee
• No Objection Certificate
• Development Charges
• Premium Charges
• Tax receipt for tax clearance
• Signing the Plan
• Qualification and Competence of the Architect / Licensed Engineer /
Structural Engineer/Supervisor and Registration of Developer
14. Size of drawing sheets
• Drawing Sheet Sizes
Designation Trimmed Size (In mm)
AO 841 x 1189
A1 594 x 841
A2 420 x 594
A3 297 x 420
A4 210 x 297
If necessary, submission of plans on sheets bigger than A0 size is also
permissible.
21. Minimum Room Dimensions
Room
Description
Minimum
Carpet
Area
(sq.m.)
Minimum
Width (m.)
Minimum
Height (m.)
Other Important
Factors
Living Room 9.00
(7.5)
2.40 2.75 -Maximum Height :
4.40
-Clear Headroom Under
Beam : 2.40m.
-Pitched Roof:
Average Minimum
Height : 2.75m.
Minimum Height at
Eaves Level : 2.10m.
Bed Room 6.50 2.40 2.75
One Room
Tenement
12.50 2.40 2.75
Kitchen
(EWS)
3.3
(2.4 )
1.5
(1.20)
2.75
(2.75)
Independent Bath 1.20 1.00 2.10 Minimum opening area
Not less than 0.3sq.M
With minimum 0.3m
-----
Independent WC 1.08 0.90 2.10
Combined 1.80 1.00 2.10
Storm Room Not more --- 2.10
22. Lighting and Ventilation of Rooms
• The minimum aggregate area of opening of habitable rooms
and kitchens excluding doors shall be not less than 1/10th of
floor area.
• In case of Kokan region, it shall not be less than 1/6th of floor
area.
• No portion of a room shall be assumed to be lighted if it is
more than 7.5 m. from the opening assumed for lighting /
ventilation of the portion, provided additional depth of living
room beyond 7.5 m. may be permitted subject to provision of
proportionate increase in the opening.
23. Minimum Dimensions Of Other Parts Of Building
• Plinth 0.45M for residential building.
• Plinth 0.15M for garage and Maximum permissible height is 2.4M.
• Parapet: height of parapet wall should not be less than 1.05 and not more
than 1.20 m.
• Septic Tank: location must be more than 12m from source of water.
• Dimensions of Septic Tanks:
Septic tanks shall have minimum width of 75 cm.,
minimum depth of 1 m. below the water level and a minimum liquid capacity
of 1 cu.m. Length of tanks shall be 2 to 4 times the width.
• Provision of Lift: If Height of Building is More than 15m.
24. Requirement of Stair Case
Description Residential
Building
Other Buildings Remark If any
Minimum
width for Stair
ways
1.20m 1.50M 2.0 M. Assembly Building
and Institutional Buildings
like hospitals & Educational
Bldg.
Maximum
height Of Riser
200mm 150mm Max 12 No of Riser in
single flight
Minimum
Width Of Trade
250mm 300mm Without Nosing
Head Room 2.2M 2.2M Minimum unobstructed
headroom in a passage
under the landing.