The document discusses different types of construction cost estimates. It describes preliminary estimates which provide approximate costs using methods like per unit, plinth area, or cubic content. Detailed estimates involve accurately calculating quantities for each work item. Other estimates include revised estimates for costs exceeding 5% of original estimates, supplementary estimates for additional works, and annual repair estimates for maintenance. Terminology related to construction projects is also defined.
This document provides an overview of different types of retaining walls, including gravity, cantilever, counterfort, sheet pile, and diaphragm walls. It discusses the key components and design considerations for gravity and cantilever retaining walls. Gravity walls rely on their own weight for stability, while cantilever walls consist of a vertical stem with a heel and toe slab acting as a cantilever beam. The document also covers lateral earth pressures, drainage of retaining walls, uses of sheet pile walls, and construction methods for diaphragm walls.
Building bye-laws are regulations that govern construction to ensure orderly development and livable conditions. They require buildings to have adequate ventilation, sunlight, and space so neighbors are not affected. The report discusses Amir Nisha, a shopping market in Aligarh, India. It lacks building bye-laws, resulting in irregular growth and narrow streets. This causes physical issues like poor drainage, flooding, and congestion that endangers pedestrians. There are also hygienic problems like open drains and garbage piles breeding mosquitoes and flies. Congestion and lack of parking also negatively impact shoppers, students, and traffic flow.
Dampness in buildings can cause health issues and damage to the structure. It is caused by factors like rain penetration, soil drainage issues, and defective construction. Remedies include installing damp proofing courses of flexible or rigid materials at locations like foundation level, parapets, and windowsills. Proper ventilation and moisture management can also help reduce excessive moisture in homes.
Valuation is determining the fair price or value of a property like buildings, land, etc. It considers factors like construction cost, age, maintenance, location, and income generated. Common valuation methods are rental method, comparing recent sale prices, and depreciation method. Rent is usually fixed as a percentage of valuation, with allowances for expenses like repairs, taxes, and management costs. Depreciation and obsolescence reduce value over time. Various terms related to valuation are defined, like gross income, net income, salvage value, sinking fund, and years purchase.
Introduction;
Reinforced brick masonry (RBM) consists of brick masonry which incorporates steel reinforcement embedded in mortar.
This masonry has greatly increased resistance to forces that produce tensile and shear stresses.
The reinforcement provides additional tensile strength, allowing better use of brick masonry's inherent compressive strength.
The two materials complement each other, resulting in an excellent structural material.
HISTORY;
Brick masonry is one of the oldest forms of building construction, and reinforcement has been used to strengthen masonry since 1813.
...
professional practice and valuation topic of ppt:-valuationtirath prajapati
Valuation is the technique of estimation or determining the fair price or value of property such as building, a factory, other engineering structures of various types, land etc.
The document discusses different types of construction cost estimates. It describes preliminary estimates which provide approximate costs using methods like per unit, plinth area, or cubic content. Detailed estimates involve accurately calculating quantities for each work item. Other estimates include revised estimates for costs exceeding 5% of original estimates, supplementary estimates for additional works, and annual repair estimates for maintenance. Terminology related to construction projects is also defined.
This document provides an overview of different types of retaining walls, including gravity, cantilever, counterfort, sheet pile, and diaphragm walls. It discusses the key components and design considerations for gravity and cantilever retaining walls. Gravity walls rely on their own weight for stability, while cantilever walls consist of a vertical stem with a heel and toe slab acting as a cantilever beam. The document also covers lateral earth pressures, drainage of retaining walls, uses of sheet pile walls, and construction methods for diaphragm walls.
Building bye-laws are regulations that govern construction to ensure orderly development and livable conditions. They require buildings to have adequate ventilation, sunlight, and space so neighbors are not affected. The report discusses Amir Nisha, a shopping market in Aligarh, India. It lacks building bye-laws, resulting in irregular growth and narrow streets. This causes physical issues like poor drainage, flooding, and congestion that endangers pedestrians. There are also hygienic problems like open drains and garbage piles breeding mosquitoes and flies. Congestion and lack of parking also negatively impact shoppers, students, and traffic flow.
Dampness in buildings can cause health issues and damage to the structure. It is caused by factors like rain penetration, soil drainage issues, and defective construction. Remedies include installing damp proofing courses of flexible or rigid materials at locations like foundation level, parapets, and windowsills. Proper ventilation and moisture management can also help reduce excessive moisture in homes.
Valuation is determining the fair price or value of a property like buildings, land, etc. It considers factors like construction cost, age, maintenance, location, and income generated. Common valuation methods are rental method, comparing recent sale prices, and depreciation method. Rent is usually fixed as a percentage of valuation, with allowances for expenses like repairs, taxes, and management costs. Depreciation and obsolescence reduce value over time. Various terms related to valuation are defined, like gross income, net income, salvage value, sinking fund, and years purchase.
Introduction;
Reinforced brick masonry (RBM) consists of brick masonry which incorporates steel reinforcement embedded in mortar.
This masonry has greatly increased resistance to forces that produce tensile and shear stresses.
The reinforcement provides additional tensile strength, allowing better use of brick masonry's inherent compressive strength.
The two materials complement each other, resulting in an excellent structural material.
HISTORY;
Brick masonry is one of the oldest forms of building construction, and reinforcement has been used to strengthen masonry since 1813.
...
professional practice and valuation topic of ppt:-valuationtirath prajapati
Valuation is the technique of estimation or determining the fair price or value of property such as building, a factory, other engineering structures of various types, land etc.
The document discusses various cost-effective construction techniques that can be used in India to reduce building costs. Some techniques mentioned include using stabilized compressed earth blocks, fly ash bricks, rat-trap bond brickwork, filler slabs for roofs, and replacing concrete lintels with brick arches. Adopting these alternative materials and construction methods can save 15-40% on building costs while still providing durable structures. Proper selection of materials suited to the local area is important for developing cost-effective construction techniques.
The document discusses different types of flooring materials and their construction. It describes the key components of flooring as the sub-floor or base course, and floor covering. Common materials used include cement concrete, lime concrete, stones, bricks and wood. The selection of flooring depends on factors like initial cost, appearance, durability, damp and fire resistance. Specific flooring types discussed include mud, muram, brick, flagstone, cement concrete, terrazzo, mosaic and tile flooring.
Grading involves modifying landforms to accommodate structures and ensure proper drainage. Key considerations for grading include utilities, contours, drainage, erosion control, and balancing cut and fill amounts. Grading goals are to prevent water entry, control runoff, and minimally disturb sites. Proper grading creates suitable, pleasing ground surfaces with positive drainage close to original levels. Spot elevations further specify grading, while defined areas require careful grading to drainage edges or make entire areas level. Cut and fill processes move earth to achieve required grading. Recommended gradients depend on use and terrain.
This document provides an introduction to the subject of estimating and costing for the 2nd year intermediate vocational course in construction technology. It discusses key definitions like estimating, costing, and procedures for estimating. The importance of estimation and costing is explained. The data required for preparing an estimate like drawings, specifications, and rates is described. The document also discusses complete estimates, lump sum items, and work charged establishment. Measurement units for different construction items like earthwork, concrete, masonry, woodwork, and finishing works are listed with the applicable unit of measurement and payment.
Stone masonry is constructed using stone units bonded together with mortar. There are two main types of stone masonry: rubble masonry and ashlar masonry. Rubble masonry uses irregularly shaped stones laid without regular coursing, while ashlar masonry uses dressed stone blocks laid in regular horizontal courses. Within rubble masonry, there are different patterns including random, square, and polygonal rubble. Ashlar masonry stones can be finely dressed, rough tooled, rock-faced, or chamfered.
The document discusses damp proof courses (DPC), which are barriers made of impervious materials built into walls and piers to prevent moisture from moving within the building. A DPC is laid into a brick wall approximately two courses below the lowest timber member, such as a bearer. Damp proofing in construction uses moisture control methods applied to walls and floors to prevent damp problems from occurring inside buildings, including membrane damp proofing, integral damp proofing, surface treatments, guniting, and cavity wall construction.
The document discusses specifications in engineering projects. It defines specifications as a detailed description of materials, workmanship, and other requirements to complete a project according to its drawings. Specifications are necessary to define quality standards, guide construction, and resolve disputes. They form an essential part of contract documents along with drawings, bills of quantities, and schedules of rates. The document outlines how to write specifications by describing materials, workmanship, tools, testing, and protection of works. It also differentiates between general and detailed specifications.
This document discusses various methods of construction cost estimation, including preliminary estimates, plinth area method, cubical contents method, unit base method, abstract estimates, detailed estimates, bottom up method, and square foot estimates. It also discusses factors that influence specification, rate analysis, and final estimates. Preliminary estimates provide early project costs but have low accuracy of 20-30%. Detailed estimates use quantities, rates, and specifications to determine costs more accurately. The bottom up method aggregates task estimates to determine total project costs.
The document discusses foundations, which are the part of a structure below ground level that transmits the load of the superstructure to the soil. It also discusses concrete mixes like M25 grade concrete, which has a specified 28-day compressive strength of 25 N/mm2. Finally, it provides specifications for excavation of foundations, removal of water from foundations, damp proof course installation, and precautions for designing foundations.
Introduction, planning of a new project, site access and services
Understanding basics and functions of equipment, earthmoving equipment
Excavation in hard rock
blasting explosives
RMC Plant, layout and production capacity
Prefabricated construction
cranes of various types
floating and dredging equipment
Road construction aspects
construction of a new railway track
aspects of bridge construction
Diaphragm walls
prevention of accidents
introduction to disaster management
Presentation on building bye laws as per GTU (syllabus) building & town planning.
It is my first presentation on slide share so please give suggestion on given topic or any other requirement.
Thank you.
The document discusses retaining walls and includes:
- Definitions of retaining walls and their parts
- Common types of retaining walls including gravity, semi-gravity, cantilever, counterfort and bulkhead walls
- Earth pressures like active, passive and at rest pressures
- Design principles for stability against sliding, overturning and bearing capacity
- Drainage considerations for retaining walls
- Theories for analyzing earth pressures like Rankine and Coulomb's theories
- Sample design calculations and problems for checking stability of retaining walls
Retaining walls are an integral part of any sea facing structure or structures which contain single or multiple basements. The PPT gives a general idea about retaining walls and also focuses on a case study of the retaining wall along the Worli Seaface in Mumbai, India.
A report format presentation of earthquake-resistance construction techniques, stressing upon the relevance of such techniques in the architecture industry.
This document provides information on estimating earthwork and excavation quantities for civil engineering projects. It discusses:
- Common types of excavation like soft soil, hard soil, mud, soft rock, and hard rock.
- Methods for calculating excavation volumes based on length, breadth, depth, and classification of materials.
- Considerations for excavating foundations including ensuring vertical sides and level bottoms before pouring concrete.
- Methods for calculating quantities of earthwork for roadworks using cross-sectional areas, prismoidal formulas, and mean heights.
This document discusses prefabrication in construction. Prefabrication involves assembling components of a structure in a factory then transporting them to the construction site. It has advantages like reduced cost, time, and waste and allows work during poor weather. Common prefabricated components include columns, beams, waffle floors/roofs which are cast and cured off-site then erected using cranes. While prefabrication offers benefits, it also has disadvantages like potential breakage during transport and need for specialized equipment and labor. The document concludes that partial prefabrication is well-suited for Indian conditions.
This document discusses causes, effects, and methods of preventing dampness in buildings. It outlines several precautions that should be taken such as proper site drainage and wall thickness. Common causes of dampness include rising moisture, rain penetration, and poor drainage. Effects include breeding mosquitoes and damage to building materials. Methods of damp proofing discussed are damp proof courses, waterproof surface treatments, integral treatments during construction, cavity walls, and cement grouting of cracks. Specific materials used for damp proof courses like bitumen and mastic asphalt are also outlined.
The document provides specifications for lime mortar and excavation and foundation work. It discusses the properties and types of lime mortar, including non-hydraulic and hydraulic lime mortar. It also outlines the process of excavation, including depth, methods such as open cut and braced excavation, and backfilling. Measurements for excavation work and appropriate equipment for different soil conditions are also specified.
Trusses are commonly used in buildings to span long distances and carry heavy loads. Steel trusses are preferred over wood trusses for their strength, simplicity of installation, and durability without risk of rotting. Various types of trusses include king post, queen post, Howe, Pratt, and fan trusses used in roofs, as well as north light trusses traditionally used for industrial buildings to maximize natural lighting. Larger spans may use tubular steel, quadrangular, or gusset plate connected trusses, while galvanized steel sheets are often used for roofing material.
This short document promotes creating presentations using Haiku Deck on SlideShare. It encourages the reader to get started making their own Haiku Deck presentation by simply clicking the "GET STARTED" prompt. In just one sentence, it pitches presentation creation using Haiku Deck on SlideShare's platform.
Building bye laws CIVIL ENGINEERING DRAWINGjay231287
The document discusses building bye-laws, which are strict rules that must be followed to regulate building construction and town planning. It outlines several purposes of bye-laws such as providing suitable areas for activities, avoiding traffic problems, and ensuring access to services. The document also defines several key terms related to building construction measurements and zoning. It provides details on rules for building heights, floors, parking, and other structural aspects regulated by local bye-laws.
The document discusses various cost-effective construction techniques that can be used in India to reduce building costs. Some techniques mentioned include using stabilized compressed earth blocks, fly ash bricks, rat-trap bond brickwork, filler slabs for roofs, and replacing concrete lintels with brick arches. Adopting these alternative materials and construction methods can save 15-40% on building costs while still providing durable structures. Proper selection of materials suited to the local area is important for developing cost-effective construction techniques.
The document discusses different types of flooring materials and their construction. It describes the key components of flooring as the sub-floor or base course, and floor covering. Common materials used include cement concrete, lime concrete, stones, bricks and wood. The selection of flooring depends on factors like initial cost, appearance, durability, damp and fire resistance. Specific flooring types discussed include mud, muram, brick, flagstone, cement concrete, terrazzo, mosaic and tile flooring.
Grading involves modifying landforms to accommodate structures and ensure proper drainage. Key considerations for grading include utilities, contours, drainage, erosion control, and balancing cut and fill amounts. Grading goals are to prevent water entry, control runoff, and minimally disturb sites. Proper grading creates suitable, pleasing ground surfaces with positive drainage close to original levels. Spot elevations further specify grading, while defined areas require careful grading to drainage edges or make entire areas level. Cut and fill processes move earth to achieve required grading. Recommended gradients depend on use and terrain.
This document provides an introduction to the subject of estimating and costing for the 2nd year intermediate vocational course in construction technology. It discusses key definitions like estimating, costing, and procedures for estimating. The importance of estimation and costing is explained. The data required for preparing an estimate like drawings, specifications, and rates is described. The document also discusses complete estimates, lump sum items, and work charged establishment. Measurement units for different construction items like earthwork, concrete, masonry, woodwork, and finishing works are listed with the applicable unit of measurement and payment.
Stone masonry is constructed using stone units bonded together with mortar. There are two main types of stone masonry: rubble masonry and ashlar masonry. Rubble masonry uses irregularly shaped stones laid without regular coursing, while ashlar masonry uses dressed stone blocks laid in regular horizontal courses. Within rubble masonry, there are different patterns including random, square, and polygonal rubble. Ashlar masonry stones can be finely dressed, rough tooled, rock-faced, or chamfered.
The document discusses damp proof courses (DPC), which are barriers made of impervious materials built into walls and piers to prevent moisture from moving within the building. A DPC is laid into a brick wall approximately two courses below the lowest timber member, such as a bearer. Damp proofing in construction uses moisture control methods applied to walls and floors to prevent damp problems from occurring inside buildings, including membrane damp proofing, integral damp proofing, surface treatments, guniting, and cavity wall construction.
The document discusses specifications in engineering projects. It defines specifications as a detailed description of materials, workmanship, and other requirements to complete a project according to its drawings. Specifications are necessary to define quality standards, guide construction, and resolve disputes. They form an essential part of contract documents along with drawings, bills of quantities, and schedules of rates. The document outlines how to write specifications by describing materials, workmanship, tools, testing, and protection of works. It also differentiates between general and detailed specifications.
This document discusses various methods of construction cost estimation, including preliminary estimates, plinth area method, cubical contents method, unit base method, abstract estimates, detailed estimates, bottom up method, and square foot estimates. It also discusses factors that influence specification, rate analysis, and final estimates. Preliminary estimates provide early project costs but have low accuracy of 20-30%. Detailed estimates use quantities, rates, and specifications to determine costs more accurately. The bottom up method aggregates task estimates to determine total project costs.
The document discusses foundations, which are the part of a structure below ground level that transmits the load of the superstructure to the soil. It also discusses concrete mixes like M25 grade concrete, which has a specified 28-day compressive strength of 25 N/mm2. Finally, it provides specifications for excavation of foundations, removal of water from foundations, damp proof course installation, and precautions for designing foundations.
Introduction, planning of a new project, site access and services
Understanding basics and functions of equipment, earthmoving equipment
Excavation in hard rock
blasting explosives
RMC Plant, layout and production capacity
Prefabricated construction
cranes of various types
floating and dredging equipment
Road construction aspects
construction of a new railway track
aspects of bridge construction
Diaphragm walls
prevention of accidents
introduction to disaster management
Presentation on building bye laws as per GTU (syllabus) building & town planning.
It is my first presentation on slide share so please give suggestion on given topic or any other requirement.
Thank you.
The document discusses retaining walls and includes:
- Definitions of retaining walls and their parts
- Common types of retaining walls including gravity, semi-gravity, cantilever, counterfort and bulkhead walls
- Earth pressures like active, passive and at rest pressures
- Design principles for stability against sliding, overturning and bearing capacity
- Drainage considerations for retaining walls
- Theories for analyzing earth pressures like Rankine and Coulomb's theories
- Sample design calculations and problems for checking stability of retaining walls
Retaining walls are an integral part of any sea facing structure or structures which contain single or multiple basements. The PPT gives a general idea about retaining walls and also focuses on a case study of the retaining wall along the Worli Seaface in Mumbai, India.
A report format presentation of earthquake-resistance construction techniques, stressing upon the relevance of such techniques in the architecture industry.
This document provides information on estimating earthwork and excavation quantities for civil engineering projects. It discusses:
- Common types of excavation like soft soil, hard soil, mud, soft rock, and hard rock.
- Methods for calculating excavation volumes based on length, breadth, depth, and classification of materials.
- Considerations for excavating foundations including ensuring vertical sides and level bottoms before pouring concrete.
- Methods for calculating quantities of earthwork for roadworks using cross-sectional areas, prismoidal formulas, and mean heights.
This document discusses prefabrication in construction. Prefabrication involves assembling components of a structure in a factory then transporting them to the construction site. It has advantages like reduced cost, time, and waste and allows work during poor weather. Common prefabricated components include columns, beams, waffle floors/roofs which are cast and cured off-site then erected using cranes. While prefabrication offers benefits, it also has disadvantages like potential breakage during transport and need for specialized equipment and labor. The document concludes that partial prefabrication is well-suited for Indian conditions.
This document discusses causes, effects, and methods of preventing dampness in buildings. It outlines several precautions that should be taken such as proper site drainage and wall thickness. Common causes of dampness include rising moisture, rain penetration, and poor drainage. Effects include breeding mosquitoes and damage to building materials. Methods of damp proofing discussed are damp proof courses, waterproof surface treatments, integral treatments during construction, cavity walls, and cement grouting of cracks. Specific materials used for damp proof courses like bitumen and mastic asphalt are also outlined.
The document provides specifications for lime mortar and excavation and foundation work. It discusses the properties and types of lime mortar, including non-hydraulic and hydraulic lime mortar. It also outlines the process of excavation, including depth, methods such as open cut and braced excavation, and backfilling. Measurements for excavation work and appropriate equipment for different soil conditions are also specified.
Trusses are commonly used in buildings to span long distances and carry heavy loads. Steel trusses are preferred over wood trusses for their strength, simplicity of installation, and durability without risk of rotting. Various types of trusses include king post, queen post, Howe, Pratt, and fan trusses used in roofs, as well as north light trusses traditionally used for industrial buildings to maximize natural lighting. Larger spans may use tubular steel, quadrangular, or gusset plate connected trusses, while galvanized steel sheets are often used for roofing material.
This short document promotes creating presentations using Haiku Deck on SlideShare. It encourages the reader to get started making their own Haiku Deck presentation by simply clicking the "GET STARTED" prompt. In just one sentence, it pitches presentation creation using Haiku Deck on SlideShare's platform.
Building bye laws CIVIL ENGINEERING DRAWINGjay231287
The document discusses building bye-laws, which are strict rules that must be followed to regulate building construction and town planning. It outlines several purposes of bye-laws such as providing suitable areas for activities, avoiding traffic problems, and ensuring access to services. The document also defines several key terms related to building construction measurements and zoning. It provides details on rules for building heights, floors, parking, and other structural aspects regulated by local bye-laws.
The document discusses various measurements and materials used in civil engineering construction projects including length, angles, heights, soil types, water levels, and building regulations. It also outlines key steps in construction like foundations, masonry, and plumbing systems involving water distribution and sanitation facilities.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
The document discusses calculating wall-to-floor ratios for two building designs, Buildings A and B. It provides the dimensions and calculations for Building A, which has a wall-to-floor ratio of 0.20. For Building B, it lists the dimensions and calculations but leaves the number of floors, total floor and wall areas, total costs, and final ratio as values for the student to calculate. The student is asked to complete the calculations for Building B and submit their worksheet.
Construction stage analysis of rcc frames project reportSayyad Wajed Ali
While analyzing a multistorey building frame, conventionally all the probable loads are applied after modeling the entire building frame. But in practice the frame is constructed in various stages. Accordingly, the stability of frame varies at every construction stage. Even during construction freshly placed concrete floor is supported by previously cast floor by formwork. Thus, the loads assumed in conventional analysis will vary in transient situation. Obviously, results obtained by the traditional analysis will be unsuitable. Therefore, the frame should be analyzed at every construction stage taking into account variation in loads. The phenomenon known as Construction Stage Analysis considers these uncertainties precisely. This paper analyzes several numbers of multistorey reinforced concrete building frames of different bay width and length, storey height and number of stories using STAADpro, followed by the construction stage analysis of each model. Also all full frame models are analyzed for earthquake forces in Zone - II (IS 1893 : 2002). Finally, a comparative study of Axial forces, Bending moments, Shear forces and Twisting moments was done at every storey for full frame model (without earthquake forces) and construction stage model (without earthquake forces).
This document outlines building byelaw requirements for various construction projects in residential and commercial areas. Specifically, it discusses regulations for constructing ATMs, shopping malls, auditoriums, convention centers, and service apartments. Key requirements include minimum plot sizes, road widths, setbacks, parking provisions, and ensuring adequate infrastructure for traffic, utilities, and emergency services. Permissions are subject to zoning rules and following byelaws for building design standards, safety features, and permissible land uses.
This document provides an overview of building bye laws in India. It discusses that building construction varies by region depending on factors like materials, labor, and weather. Bye laws establish rules and regulations to maintain proper ventilation, privacy, and safety between neighbors. They define restrictions on building construction set by local authorities regarding setbacks, open spaces, heights, and more. The objectives are to allow orderly development while protecting safety, providing efficient use of space, and ensuring occupant health and comfort. Various terms and requirements related to setbacks, heights, room sizes, floor area ratios, and lighting/ventilation are also outlined.
F.A.R., Ground Coverage and Height Permissible as per Bye LawsAr. Md Shahroz Alam
The document discusses various strategies adopted by architects in Delhi to maximize building height within the restrictions of local building bye-laws, including maximizing ground coverage, optimizing floor area of upper floors, and manipulating building form. Specific examples discussed include the MCD Civic Centre, Hansalya Bhawan, Statesman House, and Gopaldas Bhawan buildings in Delhi, which employ techniques like a central void, terraces, and curved or angled forms.
Top 10 billing engineer interview questions and answersraypatrick583
In this file, you can ref interview materials for billing engineer such as types of interview questions, billing engineer situational interview, billing engineer behavioral interview…
This document outlines the Building Bye-laws applicable for development areas under the jurisdiction of the Delhi Development Authority within Delhi. It supersedes previous building bye-laws and regulations. The bye-laws cover administration, definitions, general building requirements, fire safety, service requirements, and other miscellaneous provisions for construction and building activity under DDA jurisdiction. Key aspects include applicability to building activity except unauthorized colonies, definitions of terms related to construction, and adherence to master plan regulations on land use, coverage, height etc.
By Renjini Rajagopal
Cities grow at an alarming rate, trying to accommodate the teaming millions within its urban embrace as the same millions clamor at its gates for salvation from the twin evils of impoverishment and unemployment. But, land has seized to be a flexible commodity. The author, Gladys Taber once said, ‘My own recipe for world peace is a little bit of land for everyone’
Thermal comfort is affected by various factors like air temperature, radiant temperature, air speed, humidity, clothing insulation, and activity level. Conditions for thermal comfort include maintaining appropriate temperatures, humidity levels, and air speeds while avoiding issues like draughts and vertical temperature differences. The document discusses factors that impact thermal comfort and how to optimize it through design considerations.
This document contains definitions, layout requirements, and questions related to the Development Control Regulations (DCR). It includes sections on definitions, when layouts are necessary and their components, minimum plot sizes, access requirements, recreation ground (RG) calculations for different plot sizes and conditions, permissible building area calculations, parking requirements, and DCR clause numbers. It provides templates to calculate RG requirements, permissible tenements, and parking spaces for different zones and plot sizes based on the DCR.
This document provides an overview of the role and responsibilities of a Quantity Surveyor. It discusses that Quantity Surveyors provide cost management and advice for construction projects. They work to ensure projects are completed within budget. The document outlines the key tasks Quantity Surveyors perform at different stages of a construction project, including cost planning, estimating, procurement, payment certification, and ensuring fairness between contractors and employers. It also discusses the different types of drawings involved in construction projects and the Quantity Surveyor's role in utilizing these drawings.
Top 10 project quantity surveyor interview questions and answersmitchellparker911
In this file, you can ref interview materials for project quantity surveyor such as types of interview questions, project quantity surveyor situational interview, project quantity surveyor behavioral interview…
This document provides an overview of the Theory of Structures course taught by Prof. Omkar Parishwad. The course covers topics like forces, center of gravity, moment of inertia, supports and loads, shear force and bending moment. It will be taught over approximately three weeks per topic. Assessment will include assignments, class tests, maintaining a journal, and exams. The goal is for students to understand structural concepts and their application to structures through history.
What is FSI in real estate development? What is the floor space index that is allowed for various Indian cities? How does the FSI in India compare with some of the major metro cities of the world?
The document presents a rate analysis for slip form shuttering used in construction. It details the various cost components that make up the total cost per square meter of shuttering, including:
1) The cost of yokes, trusses and form panels totaling Rs. 1,500,000.
2) The cost of jack rods totaling Rs. 413,000.
3) The cost of jacks, power packs and hydraulic equipment totaling Rs. 1,396,000 after depreciation.
4) Additional costs for timber, consumables, labor, and dismantling totaling Rs. 2,856,000.
The total cost of the shuttering was Rs. 4,443
Stark Builders: Where Quality Meets Craftsmanship!shuilykhatunnil
At Stark Builders our vision is to redefine the renovation experience by combining both stunning design and high quality construction skills. We believe that by delivering both these key aspects together we are able to achieve incredible results for our clients and ensure every project reflects their vision and enhances their lifestyle.
Although we are not all related by blood we have created a team of highly professional and hardworking individuals who share the common goal of delivering beautiful and functional renovated spaces. Our tight nit team are able to work together in a way where we pour our passion into each and every project as we have a love for what we do. Building is our life.
Living in an UBER World - June '24 Sales MeetingTom Blefko
June 2024 Lancaster County Sales Meeting for Berkshire Hathaway HomeServices Homesale Realty covering the following topics: 1. VA Suspends Buyer Agent Payment Plan (article), 2. Frequently Used Terms in title, 3. Zillow Showcase Overview, 4. QuickBuy commission promotion, 5. Documenting Cooperative Compensation, 6. NAR's Code of Ethics - Mass Media Solicitations, 7. Is it really cheaper to rent? 8. Do's and Don't's when Terminating the Agreement of Sale, 9. Living in an UBER World
AVRUPA KONUTLARI ESENTEPE - ENGLISH - Listing TurkeyListing Turkey
Looking for a new home in Istanbul? Look no further than Avrupa Konutlari Esentepe! Our beautifully designed homes provide the perfect blend of luxury and comfort, making them the perfect choice for anyone looking for a high-quality home in the city.
With a wide range of apartment types available, from 1+1 to 4+1, we have something to suit every need and budget. Each apartment is designed with attention to detail and features spacious and bright living areas, making them the perfect place to relax and unwind after a long day.
One of the things that sets Avrupa Konutlari Esentepe apart from other developments is our focus on creating a community that is both comfortable and convenient. Our homes are surrounded by lush green spaces, perfect for enjoying a peaceful stroll or having a picnic with friends and family. Additionally, our complex includes a variety of social and recreational amenities, such as swimming pools, sports fields, and playgrounds, making it easy for residents to stay active and socialize with their neighbors.
https://listingturkey.com/property/avrupa-konutlari-esentepe/
The SVN® organization shares a portion of their new weekly listings via their SVN Live® Weekly Property Broadcast. Visit https://svn.com/svn-live/ if you would like to attend our weekly call, which we open up to the brokerage community.
Dholera Smart City Latest Development Status 2024.pdfShivgan Infratech
Explore the latest development status of Dholera Smart City in 2024. Discover the progress, infrastructure, and future plans of India's first greenfield smart city.
BEST FARMLAND FOR SALE | FARM PLOTS NEAR BANGALORE | KANAKAPURA | CHICKKABALP...knox groups real estate
welcome to knox groups real estate company in Bangalore. best farm land for sale near Bangalore and madhugiri . Managed farmland near Kanakapura and Chickkabalapur get know more details about the projects .Knox groups is a leading real estate company dedicated to helping individuals and businesses navigate the dynamic real estate market. With our extensive knowledge, experience, and commitment to excellence, we deliver exceptional results for our clients. Discover the perfect foundation for your agricultural aspirations with KNOX Groups' prime farm lands. These aren't just plots; they're the fertile grounds where vibrant crops flourish, livestock thrives, and unique agricultural ventures come to life. At KNOX, we go beyond selling land we curate sustainable ecosystems, ensuring that your journey toward agricultural success is seamless and prosperous.
The SVN® organization shares a portion of their new weekly listings via their SVN Live® Weekly Property Broadcast. Visit https://svn.com/svn-live/ if you would like to attend our weekly call, which we open up to the brokerage community.