Centrifugation is a technique that uses centrifugal force to separate particles in a solution based on their characteristics like size, density, and shape. A centrifuge applies a strong centrifugal force through high revolutions per minute. There are several types of centrifugation that separate particles through varying speeds and techniques, including micro-centrifugation, density gradient centrifugation, and differential centrifugation. Micro-centrifuges separate small volumes quickly at lower speeds, while ultracentrifuges can isolate very small particles like viruses at extremely high speeds over 70,000 rpm. Density gradient centrifugation orders particles by density, and differential centrifugation separates cell components through successive spins of increasing force.