Ionic bonding involves the transfer of valence electrons from metal to nonmetal atoms, creating positively charged cations and negatively charged anions that are attracted in a crystal lattice. Covalent bonding is the sharing of valence electrons between atoms. Metallic bonding delocalizes valence electrons among the positively charged metal ions in a crystal structure.

1. PRIMARY BONDING IN
ORGANIC COMPOUND
SYED ABDUL RAFAY HASSAN
SUMAIR IQBAL
TS-1

2. What is chemical bond?
 Chemical bonding is a means through which
atoms unite to form molecules.
 Chemical bond exist between two atoms or
group of atoms.
 The no.of bonds an atoms forms matches up
to the number of electron as its outer shell.

3. BONDING ENERGY
 The interaction between two atoms at
equilibrium is referred to as the bonding
energy b/w the two atoms.To break the bond
this energy must be supplied from outside.
Breaking the bond means that the two atoms
become indefinitely seperated.

4. TYPE OF BONDS
 PRIMARY BONDING
 SECONDARY BONDING

5. PRIMARY BOND
 Ionic bond
 Covalent bond
 Metallic bond

6. IONIC BONDING
 Involves transfer of outer most electron b/w
atoms.
 In ionic bonds the metal loses electrons to run
into a positively charged cation
 non-metal recieves those electrons to turn
into a negatively charged anion.
 This bond produce two oppositely charged
ions.

7. In ionic bonding is occuring because metals have smaller number of electrons in their
outer most orbital .Through the lose of electron the metal can attain noble gas
configuration and meet the octet rule . Like wise non metals that have nearly 8
elcetrons in their outer most shell and have the tedency of readily accepting electrons
to attain noble gas configuration .In ionic bonding over 1 electron can be donated or
received to full fill octet rule . In ionic bonding net charge of the compound must be
zero.

8. STRUCTURE
In this, the sodium
(Na) atom gives up an
electron to the much
more
electronegative chlorine
(Cl) atom, and the two
atoms become ions,
Na+ and Cl-.The
electrostatic bonding
force between the two
oppositely charged ions
extends outside the local
area attracting other ions
to form giant crystal
structures. For this
reason most ionically
bonded materials are
solid at room
temperature.

9. COVALENT BOND
 Involves sharing of outer most electrons.
 The type of bonding we encounter in the hydrogen
molecule and in many other molecules where electrons
are shared by nuclei is called covalent bonding. Note that
in the H2 molecule the electrons reside primarily in the
space between the two nuclei, where they are attracted
simultaneously by both protons.
 Although we will not go into detail about it here, the
increased attractive forces in this area lead to the
formation of the H2.

10. METALLIC BOND
 Involves delocalization of valence electrons.