Presentation ON EROSION CORROSION
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Rishabh Sharma's presentation discusses erosion corrosion, which is an increase in corrosion caused by a high relative velocity between a corrosive environment and a metal surface. It involves both chemical corrosion and mechanical wear as corroded metal is removed. The mechanisms are not fully understood but involve turbulent flow, suspended solids, and gas/liquid interactions. Erosion corrosion is more severe for softer metals and in equipment exposed to high velocities, turbulence, and mass transfer. Examples include pipes, valves, pumps and turbine blades. The presentation covers factors like pH, velocity, material choice, and surface films that influence erosion corrosion rates and provides prevention methods like design changes, environment modifications, material selection, and coatings.
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This document discusses pitting corrosion and crevice corrosion in metals. It defines these types of localized corrosion and explains their mechanisms. Pitting corrosion occurs in localized holes in metals and is difficult to detect. Crevice corrosion occurs in cracks and crevices where conditions differ from the bulk solution, leading to acidification and accelerated corrosion. Both types of corrosion are influenced by parameters like chloride concentration, temperature, material properties, and coatings. The document provides diagrams illustrating the corrosion mechanisms and test methods for evaluating resistance to pitting and crevice corrosion.
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Pitting corrosion is a localized form of corrosion that leads to the formation of small cavities or holes in the material. It occurs when small areas become active (anodic) while the surrounding areas remain passive (cathodic). This creates galvanic cells that drive the corrosion process. Pitting corrosion initiates at defects on the material surface and then propagates in an autocatalytic manner. It is most common in alloys protected by a passive film when exposed to environments containing chlorides, oxygen, and stagnant conditions. Proper material selection, surface finishing, controlling environmental factors like pH and chloride levels, and using protective coatings or cathodic protection can help prevent pitting corrosion.
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Erosion corrosion occurs when the rate of material deterioration increases due to the combined effects of corrosion and mechanical wear from fluid flow. It can occur in pipes, valves, pumps and other equipment exposed to flowing liquids or gases. The mechanism involves turbulent flow damaging protective surface films and exposing the bare metal to chemical attack. Common signs are grooves, holes and valleys in the direction of flow. Prevention methods include design modifications to reduce turbulence, removing abrasive particles from the fluid, protective coatings, cathodic protection, and using more corrosion resistant materials.
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Update 26 June 2019: I have enabled the Download option and now everyone can download the "Types of corrosions" PPT and reuse the slides :) I wish I have done this earlier.
Follow my blogs at https://www.geekdashboard.com/
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Update 26 June 2019: I have enabled the Download option and now everyone can download the "Types of corrosions" PPT and reuse the slides :) I wish I have done this earlier.
Follow my blogs at https://www.geekdashboard.com/
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Presentation ON EROSION CORROSION
- 1. PRESENTATION ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION OF MATERIALS EROSION CORROSION RISHABH SHARMA (16210015)
- 2. CORROSION EROSION (“Flow-Assisted” or “Flow-Accelerated” Corrosion) An increase in corrosion brought about by a high relative velocity between the corrosive environment and the surface.
- 3. Remember the distinction between erosion-corrosion and erosion: – erosion is the straightforward wearing away by the mechanical abrasion caused by suspended particles . . . e.g., sand-blasting, erosion of turbine blades by droplets . . .(mechanical action) – erosion-corrosion also involves a corrosive environment . . . the metal undergoes a chemical reaction….(chemical action but corroded metal may come out due to mechanical acion)
- 4. MECHANISM Not completely understood. But it is believed to be due to – • Turbulent flow(causes agitation of liquid at metal surface)
- 5. Other mechanisms • Suspended solid particles in fluid flow • Gas bubble formation and bursting during fluid flow(cavitation) • Liquid drops in gas flow
- 6. MECHANISM Removal of the metal may be: as corrosion product which “spalls off” the surface because of the high fluid shear and bares the metal beneath as metal ions, which are swept away by the fluid flow before they can deposit as corrosion product.
- 7. Relationship between flow velocity, v, and erosion-corrosion rate, w, may be written as . . . w = kva where k and a are constants that depend on the system. The exponent a varies between . . . 0.3 (laminar flow) and 0.5 (turbulent flow)... occasionally reaching > 1.0 for mass transfer and fluid shear effects. For mechanical removal of oxide films (spalling), the fluid shear stress at the surface is important, and a > 1.0 . . . (may reach 2 - 4).
- 8. PRONE AREAS/EXAMPLES • If fluid contains suspended solids, erosion-corrosion may be aggravated. Equipment that is subjected to --- • high-velocity fluid, • to rapid change in direction of fluid, • to excessive turbulence . . . • high mass transfer rates.
- 9. PRONE AREAS/EXAMPLES • Most metals and alloys • Metals which are soft to wear off mechanically like copper and lead are more prone. • pipes (bends, elbows, tees); • valves; • pumps; • blowers; • propellers, impellers; • stirrers; • stirred vessels; • tubing (heaters, condensers); • flow-measuring orifices, venturies; • turbine blades; • nozzles; • baffles; • metal-working equipment (scrapers, cutters, grinders, mills); • spray impingement components etc.
- 10. Erosion corrosion in condenser pipes
- 11. Surface film effects •Brittle films break easily. •Hard, dense, adherent, continuous films give good resistance to corrosion. •Passive films formed by direct oxidation can prevent corrosion •Lead sulphate film protects lead against DILUTE H2SO4 under stagnant conditions, but not under rapidly moving conditions. Erosion-corrosion of hard lead by 10% sulphuric acid (velocity 39 ft/sec).
- 12. Effect of pH pH affects films in erosion-corrosion of low-alloy steel. Effect of pH of distilled water on erosion-corrosion of carbon steel at 50C (velocity 39 ft/sec).
- 13. Velocity Effects Velocity Effects (depending on type of flow)
- 14. Velocity Effects • At high velocities corrosion rate may be high or low. • Corrosion rate of steel is high at high velocity. • High velocity may decrease corrosion rate by avoiding deposition of silt and dirt over metal. • Suspended solid will damage more at high velocity.
- 15. Material effect Cr additions reduce E-C. Erosion-corrosion loss as a function of time for mild steel and 1 Cr 0.5 Mo steel in water (pH at 25C = 9.05) flowing through an orifice at 130C.
- 16. Prevention of Erosion-Corrosion • design (avoid impingement geometries, high velocity, etc.); • Change Environment (use of inhibitors e.g., in steam supply systems . . . for CS or low-alloy steel add O2 ) • Choice of Materials (use Cr-containing steels or titanium); • use hard, corrosion-resistant coatings (titanium coatings).
- 17. ANY QUERY
- 18. THANK YOU!!!!!