The document discusses several topics related to the US presidency, including the process for selecting the president via the Electoral College, the basic qualifications to be president, presidential succession, and the development of presidential nominations becoming controlled by Congress in the early 1800s. It also outlines some of the formal powers of the president as outlined in the Constitution, such as being Commander-in-Chief, granting pardons, making treaties, and nominating ambassadors and Supreme Court justices.

1. POL 140-03
Spring 2016

7.  Presidential Selection
 Chosen by Electoral College to serve 4 years
 Basic Qualifications
 Natural-born citizen of the United States
 At least 35 years old
 U.S. resident for 14 years
 Presidential Succession
 Presidential Oath of Office

10. GeorgeWashington Wins!

11. THOMAS JEFFERSON AARON BURR
RESULT: TWELFTH AMENDMENT
Separated out balloting for President andVice President

12.  Presidential nominations began to be
controlled by Congress
 Ended after 1824 Election
 Four candidates originally ran for theWhite House
 Down to John Quincy Adams and Andrew Jackson
 Henry Clay and Adams strike “corrupt bargain”
 Result: Congress had too much authority in
selecting presidents; King Caucus dies.

13. 2012 RNC
Tampa, Florida
The “Smoke-Filled Room”

15.  Formal Powers
 Informal Powers
 Unilateral Powers

17.  Commander-in-Chief of Armed Forces
 Granting Reprieves and Pardons
 MakingTreaties
 Nominations and Appointments
 Ambassadors
 Supreme Court Justices
 Cabinet Members

18.  “Give to Congress information on the state of
the union…”
 Receive “ambassadors and other public
ministers”
 “Take care” that the laws are faithfully
executed”
Article II, Section 3

20. “Presidential
power is the
power to
persuade.”

22.  Executive Orders
 Issued by the president that have force of law
 Do not require consent of Congress
 Example:Truman and Military Desegregation
 National Security Directives
 Executive order dealing with national security issues
 Signing Statements
 Presidential proclamation on how the executive
branch will interpret a given law

24. Described president
as “tribune of the
people.”
President supposed
to guard public
against outside
influences.

25. Andrew Jackson
The “Tribune of the
People”

26. Used the “bully pulpit”
to gain support
for his agenda.

27. Breaking precedent,
Wilson personally delivered
his 1913 State of the Union
message to Congress.

28. Roosevelt used his famous
“Fireside Chats” to explain
policy decisions to the public.

29. JFK’s personality and
humor helped form a
close bond with public.
Presidents now judged by how
telegenic they are AND on whether
they can give an effective speech.

31.  Gallup Poll Question:
 Do you approve or disapprove of the way
__________ is handling his job as president?
 High approval (60-70%)
 POTUS is strong and effective
 Low approval (20-30%)
 POTUS is weak and ineffective

34.  1) Cycle Effect and “Honeymoon Period”
 “President’s Party Loses Seats” at first midterm
 Impact / Influence of Divided Government
▪ One party controls Congress; other controlsWH
 The “Expectations Gap”
▪ Campaigning vs. Governing
 2) State of Economy
 3) National Events
 “Rally-Around-
the-Flag” Effect

36. Clinton Rossiter

37. GEORGEW. BUSHTHROWING
OUT FIRST PITCH AT GAME
HARRYTRUMAN PARDONING
THANKSGIVINGTURKEY
This role involves ceremonial functions.

38. LYNDON JOHNSON SIGNING
MEDICARE INTO LAW, 1965
GERALD R. FORD
This role includes faithfully executing laws passed by Congress.

39. BARACK OBAMA GEORGE H. W. BUSH
The president serves as head of all
branches of the military.

40. JIMMY CARTER,
CAMP DAVID ACCORDS
BETWEEN ISRAELAND EGYPT
BILL CLINTON NEGOTIATING
WITH ISRAEL AND PALESTINE
This job centers around negotiations with foreign nations.

41. JOHN F. KENNEDY RONALD REAGAN
This role involves presidential-congressional relations.

42.  Crisis Manager
 Public turns to president during crisis (e.g. 9/11, BP Oil spill)
 Morale Builder
 President is “public mood” of country
 Examples: Ford andWatergate; Carter and “crisis of confidence”
 Priority Setter
 Deals with agenda-setting (e.g. keeping taxes low, Obamacare)
 Molder of Public Opinion
 Use of surveys/polls to gauge public opinion
 Harder job due to social media
 Party Leader
 Administrator
 Making sure that laws are faithfully executed, etc.

44. Franklin D. Roosevelt
1933 Inaugural Address
Soup and bread lines were common
during the Great Depression.

45.  Created Executive Office
of the President (EOP)
 White HouseOffice (WHO)
 Office of Management
and Budget (OMB)
 National Security Council
(NSC)
Charles Merriam,
Luther Gulick,
and Lewis Brownlow

46.  White House Office (WHO)
 Policy, personnel, public and congressional relations
 Presidents organize their staff in different ways
 Office of Management and Budget (OMB)
 Monitors implementation of programs
 Prepares annual budget
 National Security Council (NSC)
 Responsible for national security issues

47.  Not in Constitution
 First Depts: State,Treasury,War (Defense)
 NewestAddition: Homeland Security (DHS)
 Inner vs. Outer Cabinet
 Inner: State,Treasury,
Defense,Attorney General
 Outer: Everyone Else
 Cabinet Selection
President Obama leading a cabinet
meeting during his administration.

50.  Geographic Balance
 Ideological Balance
 Experience
 Age
 Gender

51. Kennedy was from Massachusetts
and Johnson was fromTexas.

52. Reagan was a strong
conservative, whereas
Bush was more
moderate in his views.

53. Obama had little foreign policy
experience. Biden had been the
Chairman of the Senate Foreign
Relations Committee.

54. McCain = 72 years old. Born in 1936.
Palin = 44 years old. Born in 1964.

55. Walter Mondale and
Geraldine Ferraro, 1984

56. John Adams: “The most insignificant
office that ever the invention of man
contrived or his imagination
conceived.”
John Nance Garner: “A bucket of
warm spit.”

57. President Jimmy Carter
Vice President Walter Mondale

60.  Public Communication
 Organizational Capacity
 Political Skill
 Vision
 Cognitive Style
 Emotional Intelligence

61. James David Barber

62. ACTIVE-PASSIVE
 How much energy does
the president invest in
their job?
POSITIVE-NEGATIVE
 How much does the
president enjoy their job?

63. Barber argues that the first four presidents fit nicely
into the four categories of the typology…
Active-Positive
Thomas Jefferson
Active-Negative
John Adams
James Madison
Passive-Positive
GeorgeWashington
Passive-Negative
Presidential
Character
Credit given to Dr. James M. Curry, GVPT 475, University of Maryland

64. Can we categorize recent presidents?
George W. Bush? Barack Obama?
Active-Positive
Thomas Jefferson
Franklin D. Roosevelt
Teddy Roosevelt
JFK
Active-Negative
JohnAdams
LBJ
WoodrowWilson
Richard Nixon
James Madison
Ronald Reagan
William H.Taft
Passive-Positive
G GeorgeWashington
Calvin Coolidge
Dwight D. Eisenhower
Ulysses S. Grant
Passive-Negative
Presidential
Character
Credit given to Dr. James M. Curry, GVPT 475, University of Maryland