This document discusses coumarins, which are plant secondary metabolites. It defines coumarins, describes their classification into simple, furanocoumarins, and pyranocoumarins based on substitutions. Extraction methods like continuous hot percolation, isolation techniques, and identification methods like TLC, UV, IR, NMR, and mass spectroscopy are explained. Common coumarin derivatives and their spectral data are also provided.
Extraction, isolation and structure elucidation of flavonoids: QuercetinMohammad Khalid
Extraction, isolation and structure elucidation of- Flavonoids Quercetin
Introduction
FLAVONOIDS & THEIR EXAMPLES
Quercetin
general isolation method
Extraction and isolation
Extraction from neem leaves
Isolation of Quercetin Methanolic Extract of Azadirachta indica leaves
Structure elucidation of Quercetin
Health benefits
Side Effects of Quercetin
Flavonoids classification, isolation and identificationMona Ismail
Flavonoids are groups of polyphenolic compounds which are found in fruits, flowers, seeds & vegetable.
(named from the Latin word flavus meaning yellow, their colour in nature)
Extraction, isolation and structure elucidation of flavonoids: QuercetinMohammad Khalid
Extraction, isolation and structure elucidation of- Flavonoids Quercetin
Introduction
FLAVONOIDS & THEIR EXAMPLES
Quercetin
general isolation method
Extraction and isolation
Extraction from neem leaves
Isolation of Quercetin Methanolic Extract of Azadirachta indica leaves
Structure elucidation of Quercetin
Health benefits
Side Effects of Quercetin
Flavonoids classification, isolation and identificationMona Ismail
Flavonoids are groups of polyphenolic compounds which are found in fruits, flowers, seeds & vegetable.
(named from the Latin word flavus meaning yellow, their colour in nature)
Introduction to saponin glycosides, Saponin glycosides, Properties of saponin glycosides, Types of saponin glycosides, chemical tests of saponin glycosides
coumarin; umbelliferone and its biosynthesis and isolation.
terpenoide; cucurbitacine and its biosynthesis and isolation purification and characterization
Chemistry of Natural Products
Alkaloids
• Introduction; classification; isolation; general methods for structure elucidation; discussion with particular reference to structure and synthesis of ephedrine, nicotine, atropine, quinine, papaverine and morphine.
• Terpenoids
• Introduction; classification; isolation; general methods for structure elucidation; discussion with particular reference to structure and synthesis of citral, α-terpineol, α-pinene, camphor and α-cadinene.
• Steroids
• Introduction; nomenclature and stereochemistry of steroids; structure determination of cholesterol and bile acids; introduction to steroidal hormones with particular reference to adrenal cortical hormones.
ITS AN IMPORTANT TOPIC OF PHYTOCHEMISTRY DEALING WITH THE COMPLETE INFORMATION REGARDING THE BIOSYNTHESISI OF WITHANOLIDES AND UMBELLIFERONE WHICH IS VERY USEFUL FOR THE 1 SEM MPHARM STUDENTS OF THE PHARMACOGNOSY DEPARTMENT.
HOPE EVERYONE WILL MAKE USE OF IT TO LEARN WELL
Introduction to saponin glycosides, Saponin glycosides, Properties of saponin glycosides, Types of saponin glycosides, chemical tests of saponin glycosides
coumarin; umbelliferone and its biosynthesis and isolation.
terpenoide; cucurbitacine and its biosynthesis and isolation purification and characterization
Chemistry of Natural Products
Alkaloids
• Introduction; classification; isolation; general methods for structure elucidation; discussion with particular reference to structure and synthesis of ephedrine, nicotine, atropine, quinine, papaverine and morphine.
• Terpenoids
• Introduction; classification; isolation; general methods for structure elucidation; discussion with particular reference to structure and synthesis of citral, α-terpineol, α-pinene, camphor and α-cadinene.
• Steroids
• Introduction; nomenclature and stereochemistry of steroids; structure determination of cholesterol and bile acids; introduction to steroidal hormones with particular reference to adrenal cortical hormones.
ITS AN IMPORTANT TOPIC OF PHYTOCHEMISTRY DEALING WITH THE COMPLETE INFORMATION REGARDING THE BIOSYNTHESISI OF WITHANOLIDES AND UMBELLIFERONE WHICH IS VERY USEFUL FOR THE 1 SEM MPHARM STUDENTS OF THE PHARMACOGNOSY DEPARTMENT.
HOPE EVERYONE WILL MAKE USE OF IT TO LEARN WELL
Metabolomic Profiling of Spent Biomass Of Marine Microalgae, Chlorella vulgarispriyanka raviraj
OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate the presence of any high value added compounds in the spent biomass of C. vulgaris
To identify the biological activity of the extracted compounds
To evaluate the structure and nature of the compounds using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and other analytical techniques.
Development of economically viable methodologies for the simultaneous extraction of by-products from a single set of biomass.
biological activities performed -Total antioxidant capacity, Anti bacterial activity, Anti-tuberculosis activity, Anti proliferative assay
Molecular Structural Elucidation of Coloumn Secondary Fraction in Malvaviscus...BRNSSPublicationHubI
Malvaviscus penduliflorus (Malvaceae) is a popular erect under shrubs. It is garden ornamental widely grown across tropical and subtropical regions. The plant widely grown as both garden ornamentals and medicinal plants with varied ethnomedical uses, mostly for wounds, fever, hypertension, sore throat, bronchitis, gastritis, and liver and gall bladder problems. The pharmacognostic studies such as moisture content, ash values, extractive values, histology, and powder analysis were carried out. Successive solvent extraction and phytochemical screening were carried out. The extracts showed the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, phenols, steroids, terpenoids, carbohydrates, and saponins. The fraction was extracted from leaves and purified by column chromatography. The phytochemical studies gave conformation of the above said results. Molecular Formula: C20H18O10, Formula Weight: 418.354, Composition: C(57.42%) H(4.34%) O(38.24%) 16-(25,27-dihydroxyphenyl)-8-hydroxy-11,12-dihydro-15H-7-benzopyran-10-one)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-3-hydrofuran-2,4,6-triol.
Benzopyran is a cyclic organic compound that results from the fusion of a benzene ring to a heterocyclic pyran ring. According to IUPAC nomenclature it is called chromene.
Abstract: Synthesis of 2-(1, 3- dihydro- 3 - oxo- 2H - pyridylpyrr- 2- ylidene)-1, 2-dihydro- 3H- pyridylpyrrol- 3- one, polycyclic bi-indolinedione vat dye was carried out using a heterocyclic compound, 2-aminopyridine, chlorinated ethanoic acid and sodium hydroxide. The aromatic glycine that resulted as an intermediate to this new polycyclic bi-indolinedione compound was fused with admixture sodamide: sodium hydroxide: potassium hydroxide and oxidized by acidified concentrated solution of ferric chloride using hydrochloric acid. This dye showed good fastness properties on cotton, polyester, dacron, silk, wool and paper. The spectral analysis was in agreement with the proposed structure of the compound. UV: (DMSO) λmax nm; 609. IR:(KBr) ʋ cm-1; 3402, 2251.66, 2078.00, 1650.25, 1398.18, 1005.50 825.37, 764.03, 627.00. 1H-NMR :( DMSO-d6) δppm; 6.6, 7.2, 8.0; 13C- NMR: (DMSO-d6) δppm; 190.11, 188.20, 157.01, 155.21, 149.60, 148.11, 136.02, 134.50, 130.0, 128.94, 27.53, 126.31, 124.30, 123.91. MS: m/z; 32, 77, 105,181, 264 (M+).
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
5. The name coumarin is derived
from the carribbean word
―coumarou‖ for the tonka tree
from which coumarin with the
characteristics aroma of new-
mown hay was isolated.
6. Unsubstituted coumarin is
widespread in nature in free form or
as glycoside.
coumarins along with its derivative
occurs abundantly in plant families
such as
umbelliferae,rutaceae,leguminaceae
,
orchidaceae,asteraceae,guttiferae,
thymelaceae and solanaceae.
7. Coumarins play role in plant
protection and are biosynthesized
―de novo‖ in stress conditions as
phytoalexins.
In low concentration they show
synergistic activity with plant growth
promoting.
8. Biological activity of coumarin is
diverse and depend on their
chemical structure.
Oldest medicine from this group
is dicoumarol ,isolated from
Melilotus alba linn. have
antithrombotic and
anticoagulative properties.
10. Coumarins occur in plants in free
form or as glycosides.
Aglycone are soluble in
petrol,benzene,ether,chloroform,
diethylether,alcohol(nonpolar
solvent)
Glycosides are soluble in water and
alcohols(polar solvent)
12. 1--simple coumarins with
substituents both in benzene ring
and pyrone ring
2--furanocoumarins with
substituents on benzene nucleus or
pyrone ring
3--pyranocoumarins with
substituents on benzene and pyrone
rings
20. COUMARIN GLYCOSIDE
Acsulin- bark of Aesculus
hippocastanum
family-Hippocastanaceae
Cichorin-flowers of Cichorium intybus
linn
family-Compositae
Daphnin-bark of Daphne mezerium
family-Thymelaceae
Fraxin-bark of Fraxinus excelsir linn.
family-Oleaceae
21. FURANOCOUMARIN
GLYCOSIDE
Khellol-seeds of Eranthis hyemalis linn
family-Ranunculaceae
Visnagin-seeds of Ammi visnaga
family-Umbelliferae
Psoralea-dried ripe fruit of Psoralea
corylifolia linn
family-Leguminaceae
23. Continous hot percolation n
Dried sample, ground in to small
particles and placed in a porous
cellulose thimble
Thimble placed in extracted
chamber followed by flask
heated with solvent and a
condenser
25. SUPERCRITICAL FLUID
EXTRACTION
Principle- supercritical fluid is applied as
an extractant
Advantages- high process speed
lack of organic solvent
possibility of coupling with
Other methods like GC,HPLC
Used for separation of furanocoumarins
from Angelica archangelica.
26. isolation
Based on lactone type of coumarin
structure
PROCEDURE—alcoholic solution of
pottassium hydroxide crashes the
lactone ring in coumarin result in
coumaric acid
After acidification these acid cyclize to
coumarin again
27. NEW METHODS OF
ISOLATION
Sublimation and fractionating
distillation in high vaccum
Crystallization from organic solvents
Distillation with water vapours
28. GENERAL CHEMICAL TEST
DRUG 3 volume propylene glycol
5 volume acetic acid
43 volume water and shake
blue fluorescence under UV light
DRUG
NaOH solution
yellow fluorescence
under UV light
29. THIN LAYER
CHROMATOGRAPHY
TLC IS used for identification of
compounds presented in plant
extract by retention parameters as
well as UV spectra taken directly
from the layer by densitometry.
33. 2-D TLC
Adsorbent-diol silica(polar bonded)
1st direction eluent-10% methanol in
water
2nd direction eluent-100% diisopropyl
ether
PRINCIPLE-coumarins are identified by
comparing retardation factors in both
directions.
34. PREPARATIVE TLC
PRINCIPLE-Components are applied in
the form of a band and
rechromatography of partly separated
fractions.
For separation of coumarins from
Heracleum sosnowskyj fruits extract is
applied as band on silanized silica
layer eluted with methanol:water(6:4).
35. UV-SPECTROSCOPY
ὰ-pyrone-300 nm
Unsubstituted coumarins-274nm and
311nm
7-hydroxycoumarins-217nm and 315-
330nm
Linear furanocoumarins-205-225nm and
240-255nm
Angular furanocoumarins-240-255nm and
260-270nm are abssent
36. SPECTRAL DATA OF
HYDROXYCOUMARINS
COUMARIN EtOH ʎmax WATER HOAc UV light BAW
AGLYCONE
coumarin 212,274,282,312 67 76 None 92
umbelliferone 210,240,325 57 60 Bright blue 89
aesculetin 230,260,303,351 28 45 Blue 79
scopoletin 229,253,300,346 29 51 Blue violet 83
daphnetin 215,263,328 61 54 Pale yellow 81
GLYCOSIDE Water BN BAW
aesculin 224,252,293,338 56 13 Clear blue 53
scopolin 227,250,288,339 64 44 mauve 53
39. ₁H-NMR SPECTROSCOPY
NMR spectra of coumarins H-3 and H-4
protons exhibits characterstics chemical shift
which distinguish different coumarin
Upfield shift of 0.17 ppm of H-3 Proton in 7-
oxygenated coumarins as compared with
coumarins is due to electron release resulting
in electron density at C-3
An oxygen at C-5 shift the resonance of H-4
downfield by 0-3 ppm due to peri effect
41. MASS SPECTROMETRY
Coumarin on electron impact gives a
strong molecular ion peak (M⁺) at m/e
146 (76%) and a base peak at m/z
118(100%) by the loss of 28 mass units
equivalent to carbon monoxide
7-hydroxy coumarin show a strong M⁺ion
at m/e 162(80%) and base peak at m/z
134 due to loss of carbon monoxide
45. REFERENCES
Harborne J.B,Phenylpropanoid,A guide
to modern techniques of plant analysis
2nd,champan and hall,New york 44-47
Kar Ashutosh ,coumarin
glycoside,pharmacognosy and
pharmacobiotechnology,new age Ltd.
New delhi 512-515
Kowalska teresa,application of tlc in
analysis of coumarin,TLC in
phytochemistry,CRC press, London 78-
84
Bhatt S.V chemistry of natural products
norosa pulisher 412-416
