Building Construction

1. Presented by : Zakir Hussain
E.G.G PILLAY ENGINEERING COLLEGE (An
Autonomous College) NAGAPATTINAM
BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

2. E G S PILLAY ENGINEERING COLLEGE
(Autonomous College) NAGAPATTINAM
Submitted by:
ZAKIR HUSSAIN
(E20CER034)
4th year 7th sem.

3. CONTENT
SR TOPIC
1 Introduction
2 Unit Plan
3 Material Used
4 Foundation
5 Equipment Used
6 Brick Masonry
7 Plastering
8 Building By-Laws
9 Conclusion

4. INTRODUCTION
Name of Department : Office of Exicutive Engineer R&B 2nd Kargil Ladakh
Name of Work : Construction of Residential Qtr. At Sankoo
Name of Agency : Public Work Development Kargil
Project Cost : 142 Lakh
Project Start : 20/7/2023
Project End : 5/04/2024
Project Director : M.Sadiq
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5. UNIT PLAN

6. MATERAIL USED
Cement:
Cement is a very useful binding material in construction. The function of
cement is combine with water & to form cement paste. It is used to make
concrete as well as mortar, and to secure the infrastructure by binding the
building blocks
Aggregate :
Aggregates are small pieces of broken stones in irregular size & shape.
Aggregates are the most mined materials in the world.
Types of aggregates:
Fine Aggregate
Coarse Aggregate

7. Water:
Water plays a major role in cement concrete production. Water governs the
hydration of cement, strength, workability and overall durability of concrete.
water used in construction and curing should be free from salts and solid
particles. Potable tap water is generally used in making concrete.

8. R.C.C. :
Reinforced concrete is a composite material in which concrete's relatively
low tensile strength and ductility are counteracted by the inclusion of
reinforcement having higher tensile strength or ductility.
Without reinforcement, constructing modern structures with concrete
material would not be possible
For Roof Slab : 1 : 1.5 : 3
For Column : 1 : 1 : 2

9. P.C.C. :
The term P.C.C. stands for plain cement concrete. The mixture of
Cement , fine aggregate (sand) and coarse aggregate are generally
called plain cement concrete (P.C.C.). A strength of P.C.C. is defined
as compressive strength after 28 days, expressed as M15, M20,where
M stands for Mix and 15 stands for 15.
Under Wall Footing & Plinth : 1 : 4 : 8
Protection Wall
Under Column Footing : 1 : 3 : 6

10. FOUNDATION
A foundation is a lower portion of building structure that transfers its
gravity loads to the earth. Foundations are generally broken into two
categories: shallow foundations and deep foundations. A tall building
must have a strong foundation if it is to stand for a long time.

11. Types of foundation :
Shallow foundation : It is a type of building foundation that transfers
building loads to the earth very near to the surface, rather than to a
subsurface layer or a range of depths as does a deep foundation.
Deep Foundation : It is a type of foundation that transfers building loads
to the earth farther down from the surface than a shallow foundation does
to a subsurface layer or a range of depths

12. ISOLATED FOOTING : Isolated footings are a type of foundation used to
support individual columns or pillars. They are designed to distribute the load
of the structure evenly across the soil beneath, minimizing the risk of settling
or sinking. Isolated footings are commonly used in building construction and
can be made from various materials, including concrete or steel.
COMBINED FOOTING : Combined footings are
provided when the distance between two columns is small,
and bearing capacity of soil is lower, and their footings
overlap with each other. When two columns are close
together and separate isolated footings would overlap, in
such a case, it is better to provide a combined footing than
an isolated footing.

13. EQUIPMENT USED
Concrete Mixer :
A concrete mixer (often colloquially called a cement mixer) is a device
that homogeneously combines cement, aggregate such as sand or gravel,
and water to form concrete. A typical concrete mixer uses a revolving
drum to mix the components.

14. Compactor :
When the concrete has been placed, it shows a very loose structure.Hence,
it must be compacted to remove the air bubbles and voids as soto make it
dense and solid concrete to obtain a high strength.At the site, Needle
vibrator is used.

15. BRICK MASONRY
Brick Masonry is a highly durable form of construction. It is built by placing
bricks in mortar in a systematic manner to construct solid mass that
withstand exerted loads.

16. Plastering
Plaster is a building material used for the protective or decorative coating of
walls and ceilings and for moulding and casting decorative elements.
Plastering is the process of covering rough walls and uneven surfaces in the
construction of houses.

17. BUILDING BYE-LAWS
Purpose :
• Ensure uniform development of buildings in a society, town and prevent
haphazard development
• Affirm public safety against noise, fire, health hazards and structural failures

18. • Basement and parking spaces
• Area and its usage
• Building height and other service spaces
• Site design and service design –sewerage, electrical design, water etc.
BYE-LAWS :

19. CONCLUSION
Durability of a building depend mainly on proper construction process &
proper use of materials.
As per training, I have conclude that, during my training days I was
familiar with the construction of brick masonry & plastering and other
works under a Ladakh Housing .
Plaster is necessary to cover and protect the masonry from weathring
factor.

20. THANK YOU