Material Used for Construction, Preparation of Foundation, Brick Masonry, Bond, Slab Construction, Building By-Laws

1. Sanjivani College of Engineering,
Kopargaon

2. Index
• Introduction
• Unit Plan
• Material Used for Construction
• Preparation of Foundation
• Brick Masonary
• Bonds Used in Brick Masonary
• Slab Construction
• Building By-Laws
• Conclusion

3. Unit Plan
Introduction

4. Material Used for Construction
Ø Cement:
The function of cement is to combine with water and to form
cement paste. This paste sets and binds the aggregate
together into a stone like hard mass & thus provides strength,
durability. Aggregates:
Ø Aggregates:
are small pieces of broken stones in irregular sizeand shapes.
Types of Aggregates:
1. Fine Aggregate
2.Coarse Aggregate

5. Ø Water:
§ It is an important ingredient of concrete because it
combines with cement and forms a binding paste. The
paste thus formed fills up the voids of the sand and
coarse aggregate bringing them into close adhesion.
Ø R.C.C:
§ Though plain cement concrete has high compressive
strength and its tensile strength is relatively low.
§ So it is reinforced by placing steel bars in the tensile
zone of the concrete beam so that the compressive stress
is carried by concrete and tensile stress is carried by
steel reinforcing bars.

6. Preparation of Foundation
§ A foundation is the element of any structure which connects it to the ground, and
transfers loads from the structure to the ground. Foundation is a part of the sub
structure. Sub structure is constructed according to soil quality at that site.
§ It is of 2 Types;
A. Shallow Foundation.
B. Deep Foundation
A. Shallow Foundation: If soil have good bearing capacity than we use shallow foundation
in construction.
• Shallow foundations are also called spread footings or open footings.
• It is also of different types such as:
ü Individual footing
ü Strip footing
ü Raft foundation

7. B. Deep Foundation:
• A deep foundation is a type of foundation which transfers
building loads to the earth farther down from the surface
than a shallow foundation does, to a subsurface layer or a
range of depths.
• It is Mainly done by Pile Foundation.

8. Brick Masonary
§ The bricks are obtained by moulding clay in rectangular block of uniform size
and then drying and burning these blocks, Brick masonry easy to construct
compare stone masonry.
§ Less time consuming.
§ There is no need of skilled labour to construct it.
§ The bricks do not require dressing and the arty of laying bricks is so simple.
§ There are Mainly 3 classes of bricks:
§ Class A
§ Class B
§ Class C

9. Bonds Used in Brick Masonary
§ Mainly, there are 4 types of bonds used in brick masonary.
Ø Stretcher Bond:
§ The bricks are laid along its length in all courses.

10. Header Bond:
§ The bricks are laid along its width in all courses. A half
and three quarter bat is also used in alternative courses to
break the verticality of joints.
English Bond:
§ Alternate courses consist of stretcher and header. A queen
closer is put next to quoin header to break the verticality
of joints.
§ Generally such types of bond is provided in walls width is
9 inches

11. Slab Construction
§ A slab is a structural element, made of concrete, that is used
to create flat horizontal surfaces such as floors, roof decks
and ceilings. A slab is generally several inches thick and
supported by beams,columns, walls, or the ground.

12. Building By-Laws
§ For the construction of any building, certain restrictions are
laid down by Municipal bodies, Urban development
authorities, and other government departments as town
planning trusts to clear open spaces to be left around the
buildings.
Plinth Area regulations:

13. Open Space Regulations:
Width of street fronting the plot(m) Front open space minimum(m)
Upto7.5 1.5
7.5 to 18 3.0
18 to 30 4.5
Above 30 6.0
Rear and Side Open Space: Avg. width = 3 m
§ At no place less than 1.8 m
§ Can be reduced to 1.5 m for building ht. <7m

14. Conclusion
Ø Durability of a building depend mainly on proper
construction process and proper use of materials.
Ø As per my training I have conclude that, during my training
days I was familiar with the construction of brick masonry &
plastering and other works under a Rajasthan Housing
Board project.
Ø Plaster is necessary to cover and protect the masonry from
weathering factor.

15. Thanks to Rushikesh