exemplary

1. Bhagwan Mahavir College Of Engineering And Techno
logy, VIP road, Vesu, Surat, Gujarat 395007
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Semester : 7th
Subject : Internship / Project (3170001)
A SUMMER INTERNSHIPAT “VAISHNOVDEVI GROUP ”
AS A ROLE OF SITE ENGINEER
Prepared by: Faculty Mentor: Industry Mentor:
SINCHAN ASHIT GANDHI Mr. Sagar Naik Mr. Hemant Chauhan
190063106012

2. Aim
The internship aims to develop our skills to implement
theoretical knowledge into practical fields.

3. Contents to be Covered
• Introduction
• Objectives
• Company Profile
• Materials
• Equipments
• Brick Masonary Work
• Lintel
• Column Construction
• Stair
• Beam
• Slab
• Conclusion

4. Introduction
For a career-oriented applied education, GTU has introduced a new
and significant summer internship program. This internship bridges
the gap between theory and practice and provides students with
practical, field-based, real-world experiences during their years of
study. During this training period, we, the students learn how to
relate our theoretical knowledge with practical fields. What are the
difficulties faced by an engineer?.For these practical & technical
skills I participated in summer internship programme under
VAISHNOVDEVI GROUP.

5. Objectives
 To improve practical skill
 To upgrade the theoretical knowledge
 To supervise the construction work.
 To understand the design specification.
 To learn to solve the rising problems and unexpected events.

6. Company Profile
Group is a premier Real Estate Development Company which
was incorporated in Surat in 2009, but the history of our group
dates back to the year 1982. We have been crafting dreams and
desires into reality since more than a decade. The group has
embarked many glorified Residential, Commercial and Farm
House Projects in various areas like Adajan, Pal,
Jahangirpura, Narthan and Amroli with an aim to transform
and uplift the quality of living and luxurious lifestyle.
Our mission is to evolve and grow as a company that is known
for innovation, architectural brilliance, efficiency, professionalism
with high-spirited level of dedication and sincerity in the realty
sphere. Our motto is to ensure the highest level of customer
delight.

7. MATERIALS
CEMENT
Cement is a finely milled mineral powder, usually grey in colour. The most
important raw materials for the production of cement are limestone, clay and
marl. Mixed with water served asan adhesive to bind sand, gravel and hard rock
in concrete. Cement hardens both in the air and under water andremains in its
hardened state once reached.Cements are classified according to their early and
final strength as well as their composition. In addition to cements that consists of
100% clinker, there are so called composite cements, in which a portion of the
clinker is replaced by alternative raw materials, such as flu ash, groundslag or
limestone.

8. MATERIALS
AGGREGATES
Aggregates are inert granular materials such as sand, gravel, or crushed stone
that, along with Water and Portland cement, are an essential ingredient in
concrete. For a good concrete mix, aggregates need to be clean, hard, strong
particles free of absorbed chemicals or coatings of clay and other fine materials
that could cause the deterioration of concrete. Aggregates, which account for 60
to 75 percent of the total volume of concrete, are divided into two distinct
categories--fine and coarse.

9. MATERIALS
BRICKS
Bricks consist of fired ceramic, clay, or cement materials that are cut into
specific shapes, such as a rectangle, and used for building walls or furnaces or
for paving surfaces. Bricks vary in material makeup, size, and shape and
include products for specific applications, such as firebricks or refractory
bricks, acid bricks for flooring, and bricks for masonry applications. Flyash
bricks are just as strong as traditional clay bricks, but they may contain small
amounts of pollutants such as heavy metals.

10. MATERIALS
REINFORCEMENT
Reinforcing bars add tensile strength and stiffness to concrete and make up 44%
of steel use in buildings. Steel is used because it binds well to concrete, has a
similar thermal expansion coefficient and is strong and relatively cost-effective.
Reinforced concrete is also used to provide deep foundations and basements
and is currently the world’s primary building material. It is reusable and
endlessly recyclable, earthquake resistant due to ductility, flexible in
combination with other materials.

11. MATERIALS
WATER
Water is one of the most important elements in construction and is required for
the preparation ofmortar, mixing of cement concrete and for curing work etc.
The quality of water used has adirect impact on the strength of the motor and
cement concrete in the construction work. The water used for curing and
mixing must be free from high quantities of alkalis, acid, oils, salt, sugar,
organic materials, vegetable growth, etc that might be deleterious to bricks,
concrete oriron. Impurities in water can cause metal corrosion, introduce
unwanted silt and clay into the concrete, adversely affect the hardening process
of concrete and also reduce the strength by even 25%. Thus the need to ensure
the quality of water used during construction is vital.

12. EQUIPMENTS
CONCRETE MIXER
It is used to mix the ingredient of concrete. It consist a hollow cylindrical part
with inner side wings in which cement, sand, aggregates and water is mix
properly. For smaller volume works, portable concrete mixers are often used so
that the concrete can be made at construction site, giving the workers ample
time to use the concrete before it hardens

13. EQUIPMENTS
COMAPCTORS
After the transporting of concrete, it is in the loose structure. So for the better
strength of the concrete we used dense concrete for construction work. If the
concrete is not dense and permeable, it will not be watertight. It will be less
able to withstand aggressive liquids. Moisture and air are more likely to
penetrate to the reinforcement causing it to rust. So compaction after placing of
concrete is necessary. Hence, it must be compacted to remove air bubbles and
voids which are present in the concrete and gain strength.

14. BRICK MASONARY WORK
➢ Initially, mix the mortar with water and blend it until a smooth and plastic
mortar is produced.
➢ After that, place the mortar on foundation line evenly using trowel (25mm
thickness and one brick wide is recommended for laid mortar).
➢ Then, lay the first course of stretcher bricks in the mortar. Start with second
brick, apply mortar to the head joint end of each brick, after that shove the
bricks into place firmly so that the mortar is squeezed out of all side of the
joints.
➢ Utilize a level to examine the course for correct height. Ensure that bricks
are plumb and level.

15. LINTEL
A lintel is a beam placed across the openings like doors, windows etc. in
buildings to support the load from the structure above. The width of lintel beam
is equal to the width of wall, and the ends of it is built into the wall.
Construction of the lintel can be done in a simple way just treat like as a
horizontal beam because overall coming load acts upon this horizontal member.

16. COLUMN CONSTRUCTION
Column formwork
In building, floor height is normally kept 3 m. If the slab has beam then we
have to pour concrete up to beam bottom level. Suppose, beam height specified
in drawing is0.45 m. So, the casting height of our column will be 2.65 m. And
our formwork height will be 2.65 m. But one thing should be considered here is
that dropping concrete from above 1.5 m height isn’t suggested during pouring.
Because it leads concrete segregation. So we shouldmake one-side of column
formwork within 1.5 m height range. After casting 1.5 m of column, we just lift
the short side up to full-casting height of column next day.

17. COLUMN CONSTRUCTION
Column starter
Starter is generally a casting of concrete material with equivalent width and
length of column section and comparatively smaller height of around 10 cm. It
is cast in such a manner that equal cover is left encircling the reinforcement
bars of column and then shuttering of column is provided. The main purpose of
starter is to fine-tune the form work of a column vertically to maintain sufficient
gap among column reinforcement and shuttering.To retain the exact position of
the columns in the below slab as well as retain the column lines in number of
floors easily, starter is marked.

18. STAIR
FORMWORK
The angle of flight, dimensions of thread and riser are properly checked.Usually
while constructing a stairs attached to wall, the line of flight, thread and risers
are marked on the wallfor proper fixing of shuttering or formwork. Supports
have been provided with the help of props.
REINFORCEMENT
The concrete steps are to be reinforced with steel bars so as it carries the loads
coming upon thestairs and transfer them to the ground. These steel
reinforcement bars are placed in the formwork with minimum of 25 mm
spacing and are tied together.

19. STAIR
POURING OF CONCRETE
The concrete mix plays an important role in strength and durability of stairs.
The concrete mix is designed by the structural engineer based on the strength,
durability and other requirements. It is recommended to use a concrete vibrator
while pouring the concrete to completely fill the gaps of the stairs and to avoid
the honeycomb formation.

20. BEAM
Formwork
To sustain concrete properly, formwork or centering and shuttering is necessary.

21. BEAM
Bending, binding and placing of steel bars
For making design of the slab, it is supposed that the concrete contains sound
compressive strength but it is poor in tensile strength. To make the structure
secure against the tensile stress, the steel bars are arranged. Steel bars cut with
the help of cutting machine into required length and stirrups were made
manually and then beams were casted as per given drawing and specifications.

22. SLAB
Construction of RCC slab involves following stages of work –
➢ Assemble and Erect Formwork
➢ Prepare and Place Reinforcement
➢ Pour, Compact and Finish Concrete
➢ Curing Concrete and Remove Formwork
1. Assemble and Erect Formwork - The formwork shall be designed to
withstand construction loads such as fresh concrete pressure and weight of
workers and operators and their machines.

23. SLAB
Prepare and place reinforcement
Design drawings provides necessary reinforcement details, so it only needs
understanding to use designated bar size, cutting required length, and make
necessary hooks and bents. After preparation is completed, steel bars are placed
into their positions with the provision of specified spacing and concrete cover.
The concrete cover and spacing for floor slabs can be maintained byintroducing
spacers and bars supporters. Wires are used to tie main reinforcement and
shrinkage and temperature reinforcement (distribution reinforcement).

24. CONCLUSION
As an undergraduate of Gujarat Technological University, we would like to say
this summer internship training program is an excellent opportunity for us to get
to ground level and experience the things that we wouldn’t ever gained through
going straight into a job. We are grateful to our college BMCET and GTU for
giving us this wonderful opportunity. The main objective of the summer
internship is to provide an opportunity to undergraduate to identify, observe and
practice how civil engineering is applicable on real site it isn’t only limited to
get experience on technical practices, but also to observe management practices
and to interact with the field workers. Overall during this internship I got to
learn about various things and aspects, which wouldn’t possible in theory

25. Thanks To All