Presentation #8
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The document discusses several medical topics: 1) Hematochezia refers to the passage of blood in stool, which can originate from the colon, rectum, or anus. Bright red blood indicates bleeding close to the anus, while maroon or black blood comes from higher up in the gastrointestinal tract. 2) A colonoscopy is a procedure that uses a flexible tube to view the inside of the colon. It may be performed to investigate blood in the stool, abdominal pain, or abnormal scans. 3) Cachexia is the irreversible loss of body mass despite increased calorie intake. It often indicates an underlying condition like cancer and causes muscle wasting and fatigue.
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Presentation 8
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Presentation 8
Hematochezia is defined as passing bright red blood in stool, usually caused by diverticulitis, hemorrhoids, or rectal tearing. A colonoscopy involves inserting a flexible colonoscope through the anus to examine the colon, and is often performed when blood is found in stool or bowel irregularities are detected. Cachexia is a wasting syndrome caused by disease that results in physical wasting, weight loss, and loss of muscle mass, and can affect patients with advanced cancer or AIDS.
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4) Technical details of IVU including the use of contrast media administered intravenously in an amount of about 40 cc and a series of x-ray films taken at different time points.
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3) It covers screening recommendations, staging, treatment options for colon cancer and analyzes polyp types and criteria for surgery after polypectomy.
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The document defines and provides examples of several medical terms related to the digestive system:
- Colonoscopy is an exam used to detect abnormalities in the colon and rectum by inserting a flexible tube with a camera. Tissue samples can be taken.
- Hematochezia refers to rectal bleeding, often with stool and blood clots, which usually comes from the colon, rectum, or anus depending on the location of bleeding.
- An anastomosis is the connection of normally separate parts so they intercommunicate, such as connecting sections of the colon or rectum after removal of diseased tissue.
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This document discusses urinary retention, including its types, causes, clinical features, investigations, management, and prognosis. Urinary retention is defined as the inability to void despite bladder distention. It can be acute, chronic, or acute-on-chronic. Common causes in males include benign prostatic hyperplasia and urethral stricture. Clinical features depend on whether retention is acute or chronic. Initial management involves relieving the obstruction through catheterization. Long-term management depends on identifying and treating the underlying cause. Complications can include bladder and kidney damage if not properly treated.
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This document discusses the cardinal features, investigative findings, classification, and management of intestinal obstruction. It provides details on:
- The 4 cardinal features of obstruction are abdominal pain, vomiting, abdominal distension, and constipation.
- Imaging findings include the "concertina effect" in the jejunum, smooth appearance of the ileum, haustrations in the large bowel, and a rounded gas shadow in the right iliac fossa indicating a dilated cecum.
- Management involves antibiotics, electrolyte correction, and determining whether surgery or non-operative treatment is indicated based on the type and severity of obstruction. Immediate surgery is needed for suspected ischemia, large bowel obstruction, or
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Aseptic progressive dilatation of the pelvi-calyceal system resulting from the volume overload on the upper urinary tract.
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This document provides an overview of gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding, including its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. GI bleeding is classified as upper or lower depending on its location in the GI tract. Common causes of upper GI bleeding include peptic ulcers, gastritis, esophageal varices, and cancers. Lower GI bleeding is often caused by diverticulosis, cancers, inflammatory bowel disease, infections, angiodysplasia, polyps, and hemorrhoids. Symptoms include vomiting blood, black stools, and fatigue. Diagnosis involves medical history, physical exam, endoscopy or colonoscopy, and lab tests. Treatment depends on severity but may include IV fluids, blood transfusions, surgery, or
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M. Altman presentation 3 ch. 9 urinary system abbreviations
M. Altman presentation 3 ch. 9 urinary system abbreviations
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This document provides instructions for treating a patient who may have ingested a toxic substance. It describes using gastric lavage with a Ryle tube to empty the stomach, securing the airway with an endotracheal tube, and administering activated charcoal or syrup of ipecac to bind toxins in the stomach. Key steps, indications, contraindications and potential complications are outlined for each emergency treatment.
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This document discusses the morphology, active principles, toxic doses, actions, antidotes, differential diagnoses, and fatal periods of various plant poisons. It also lists specific plant parts that contain large, medium, and small seeds known to be poisonous, such as nutmeg, castor oil, and stramonium.
Chapter 8 presentation
This document summarizes four therapeutic procedures for the digestive system:
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There are two items included here:
Gastric lavage Presentation.PPT - presentation that illustrates and explains the procedure with text
Gastric lavage Animation sequence.PPT - Animation which demonstrates how this procedure can be performed
Art work in this animation should be attributed to Stacey Stent. Conceptualisation and the description of the content in the teaching materials should be attributed to Rupesh Daya and Professor Maurice Kibel.
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Hematochezia is defined as passing bright red blood in stool, usually caused by diverticulitis, hemorrhoids, or rectal tearing. A colonoscopy involves inserting a flexible colonoscope through the anus and colon to examine the upper portion of the colon. The test is often done when blood is found in stool or there are changes in bowel habits. Cachexia is a wasting syndrome caused by disease that results in physical wasting, loss of weight and muscle mass, causing weakness. Patients with advanced cancer, AIDS, or other chronic diseases may appear cachectic.
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Gastrointestinal bleeding can occur in the upper or lower GI tract and has many potential causes. Common causes of upper GI bleeding include peptic ulcers, esophageal tears, esophageal varices, and esophagitis. Lower GI bleeding may be caused by diverticulitis, inflammatory bowel disease, tumors, colon polyps, hemorrhoids, anal fissures, or proctitis. Signs can include vomiting or passing black stool, and diagnosis involves tests like endoscopy, colonoscopy, or imaging. Treatment depends on the cause but may include medications, procedures to stop bleeding, fluid replacement, and blood transfusions.
Colonoscopy, Hematochezia, Cachexia, Anastomosis
The document discusses various topics related to colonoscopy and the gastrointestinal system. It provides information on colonoscopy procedures, preparation, and potential findings. It also defines and describes hematochezia (bloody stool), cachexia (wasting syndrome), and anastomosis (surgical connection of tubular structures).
Common terms of the digestive system chapter8
This document defines and describes several common terms related to the digestive system: Hematochezia is the passing of bright red blood in stool, which can be caused by cancer, hemorrhoids, diverticulitis, or infection. A colonoscopy examines the large bowel and distal small bowel using a colonoscope to detect and remove polyps or small growths. Hernioplasty is surgery to repair a hernia by repositioning abdominal contents. Lavage involves cleaning the stomach contents by passing a tube and flushing liquid.
Common terms of the digestive system chapter8
This document defines and describes several common terms related to the digestive system: Hematochezia is the passing of bright red blood in stool, which can be caused by cancer, hemorrhoids, diverticulitis, or infection. A colonoscopy examines the large bowel and distal small bowel using a colonoscope to detect and remove polyps or small growths. Hernioplasty is surgery to repair a hernia by repositioning abdominal contents. Lavage involves cleaning the stomach contents by passing a tube and flushing liquid.
Chapter 8
Cachexia is defined as loss of weight and wasting during chronic disease. It causes weakness and loss of weight, fat, and muscle without intentional dieting. It is commonly seen in cancer, AIDS, tuberculosis, and heart failure patients. A colonoscopy is a procedure where a flexible scope is passed through the anus and colon to examine the upper colon. It is used to diagnose colon cancer and inflammatory diseases by removing polyps. Hematochezia is the passing of bright red blood in stool, which is usually caused by hemorrhoids but can also indicate colorectal cancer. Hernioplasty is the surgical repair of a hernia, which can be done through open or laparoscopic techniques with or without mesh
Chapter 8 digestive
The document defines several medical terms related to the digestive system:
- Colonoscopy is a procedure to examine the inside of the colon using a flexible tube with a camera.
- Serum bilirubin is a liver test that measures bilirubin levels, which may indicate liver problems or gallbladder issues if elevated.
- Hernioplasty is a surgical hernia repair where mesh is often used to strengthen the abdominal wall.
- Anastomosis is a surgical connection between vessels, ducts, or bowel segments.
Presentation 8
Colonoscopy is a procedure where a flexible tube with a camera is inserted into the anus and advanced through the colon to examine the inside of the colon. Colonoscopy is often done to investigate blood in the stool, abdominal pain, diarrhea, changes in bowel habits, or abnormalities found on other scans. Patients need to do a bowel preparation involving drinking a cleansing solution or being on a clear liquid diet and laxatives for several days before the procedure. Anastomosis is the connection of tubular structures like blood vessels or loops of intestine. It can refer to natural connections or surgical reattachments of resected intestinal segments.
Chapter 8
Lavage is a medical procedure that involves cleaning or washing out a body organ. There are several types of lavage including gastric, bronchoalveolar, bowel, and ear lavage. Anastomosis is a surgical connection of two organs or vessels commonly performed in the gastrointestinal tract, blood vessels, and urinary tract. Cachexia, also known as wasting syndrome, is a loss of body mass due to disease that is difficult to restore even with adequate caloric intake and is common in patients with cancer, AIDS, COPD, CHF, and TB. Dental extraction, also known as exodontia, is the removal of teeth commonly performed for overcrowding, impaction, decay, gum disease, or
Yozette’s Chapter 8 Presentation
The document discusses key terms related to the digestive system. It defines colonoscopy as an endoscopic procedure done with a flexible scope inserted through the anus to examine the colon. Hematochezia is described as the passing of bright red blood in stool, which can indicate issues like colon cancer. Serum bilirubin is defined as a blood test that measures bilirubin levels, with high levels signifying potential liver disease. Hernioplasty is the surgical repair of a hernia, which is a weakness in the abdominal wall.
Chapter 8 Ppt (Mhf)
A colonoscopy is a procedure where a flexible scope is inserted through the anus to view the colon and remove polyps. It allows for early detection of colon cancer and other abnormalities. A fecal occult blood test checks stool for hidden blood and is used along with colonoscopy for colorectal cancer screening. Other tests like a barium enema x-ray the colon to identify inflammation, structural abnormalities, or issues that could cause blood in stool.
Chapter 8 Ppt (Mhf)
A colonoscopy is a procedure where a flexible scope is inserted through the anus to view the colon and remove polyps. It allows for early detection of colon cancer and other abnormalities. A fecal occult blood test checks stool for hidden blood and is used along with colonoscopy for colorectal cancer screening. Other tests like a barium enema x-ray the colon to identify inflammation, structural abnormalities, or issues that could cause blood in stool. Surgeries like a colostomy or colectomy may be needed to treat serious colon conditions.
Chapter 8 - Digestive System
A colonoscopy is a procedure where a flexible scope is inserted through the anus to view the colon and remove polyps. It allows for early detection of colon cancer and other abnormalities. A fecal occult blood test checks stool for hidden blood as a screening for colon cancer and other colon conditions. Other tests like a barium enema or lower gastrointestinal series use barium and x-rays to examine the colon and identify issues like inflammation, structural abnormalities, or weight loss.
chroniccholecystitis-120811101403-phpapp01.pptx
The document discusses calculous cholecystitis, which is inflammation of the gallbladder caused by gallstones blocking the cystic duct. It describes the anatomy of the gallbladder and cystic duct. Symptoms include pain in the upper right abdomen that may spread to the back. Diagnosis is typically made using ultrasound to detect gallstones or thickening of the gallbladder wall. Treatment is usually surgical removal of the gallbladder via laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Complications can include jaundice, pancreatitis, or worsening of the condition if left untreated.
Chronic cholecystitis
The gallbladder is a hollow organ located beneath the liver that stores and concentrates bile. Cholecystitis is inflammation of the gallbladder, usually caused by gallstones blocking the cystic duct. Symptoms include pain in the upper right abdomen and fever. Ultrasound is often used to diagnose cholecystitis by detecting gallstones or thickening of the gallbladder wall. Treatment typically involves surgical removal of the gallbladder via laparoscopy.
Benign and Malignant Liver Disorder
Seminar presentation by student under supervision of prof. Walid (Lincoln's Lecturer). References as mentioned in the slides.
Cancers of the digestive system.pptx
This document provides information on cancers of the digestive system, including the esophagus, stomach, liver, gallbladder and bile duct, and pancreas. It defines each type of cancer, discusses risk factors and causes, lists common signs and symptoms, and describes methods of diagnosis and standard treatment approaches. The key information provided includes how each organ functions normally, the types and characteristics of cancers that can develop in each, environmental and lifestyle factors that influence cancer risk, and surgical and non-surgical options for managing cancers of the digestive system.
Presentation8
This document defines and explains several key terms related to the digestive system:
Lavage involves using a tube to wash out the stomach, usually after ingesting poison or overdosing. Cachexia is the loss of weight and muscle mass during a chronic illness. Hematochezia is the passage of fresh blood from the anus, often with stool from lower GI bleeding. Hernioplasty surgically repairs a hernia in the abdomen, groin, or other areas where a rupture occurs.
Colorectal cancer
The document discusses the anatomy and clinical presentation of colorectal cancer. It notes that 80% of patients present electively with symptoms like altered bowel habits, bleeding, abdominal pain, or anemia. Physical examination often finds a rectal or abdominal mass. Diagnosis relies on colonoscopy and barium enema imaging. Treatment involves surgical resection with chemotherapy and radiation also playing a role depending on cancer stage. Early detection improves prognosis but 55% of patients still present with late stage or metastatic disease.
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Presentation #8
- 2. Colonoscopy
- 3. Cachexia
- 4. Gastric lavage By: Sandra Forde
- 6. Bright red blood- generally bleeding is from a site close to the anus, rectum, or sigmoid colon.
- 7. Maroon in color or black and tarry is referred to as Melena. This type of bleeding usually originates in the upper gastrointestinal tract which enables bacteria to break it down into chemicals (hematin) that are black. Rectal Bleeding
- 8. Colonoscopy ~A procedure that allows a gastroenterologist to view the inside of the colon. ~ A flexible tube is inserted into the anus and threaded carefully through the colon using a visual aid (either a t.v monitor of by looking through the instrument). What is it?
- 9. Colonoscopy ~ To investigate blood in the stool (hematochezia). ~Abdominal pain ~Abnormal colon X-ray or CT scan. ~Individuals with a history of polyps or malignancies in the family. Why is it done?
- 10. Cachexia (Wasting Syndrome) ~An irreversible loss of body mass in someone who is not trying to lose weight. ~Even if the patient consumes extra calories, the loss of weight will continue along with muscle atrophy and fatigue. ~It is usually a sign of an underlying pathology, such as AIDS, congestive heart failure, or infectious diseases. eg. Tuberculosis. ~It is often seen in end-stage cancer and is referred to as “ Cancer Cachexia”.
- 11. Lavage (cleansing and rinsing) ~ Gastric Lavage, commonly known as stomach pumping. ~Normally used on a person who has … -ingested a poison -consumed too much alcohol -overdosed on drugs ~May also be used before surgery to clear contents of the digestive tract.