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The document discusses various elements of weather and climate including temperature, atmospheric pressure, prevailing winds, rainfall, humidity, sunshine, and clouds. It describes how each element is measured, such as with a thermometer, barometer, rain gauge, and hygrometer. Various factors that influence temperature are also outlined like latitude, altitude, proximity to bodies of water, seasons, and time of day. Clouds are classified by their shape and height formed into cirrus, cumulus, stratus, and nimbus clouds.
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Presentation (3)
- 1. Elements of weather and climate
- 3. •Our daily economic activities of man, like communication, electronic services, food and clothing etc. depend on the elements of weather and atmospheric conditions.
- 4. A. Temperature •Temperature is the measure of how hot or cold a thing or a place is. •Temperature vary from place to place. •There are various factors that affect temperature.
- 5. They are: •1. Latitude. •2. Altitude. •3. Nearness to the sea. •4. Seasons. •5. Time of the day. •6. Vegetation.
- 6. Temperature is measured with the help of Thermometer
- 7. B. Atmospheric pressure •It is the pressure exerted by the weight of the atmosphere on the earth’s surface.
- 8. • The instrument used to measure the atmospheric pressure is the barometer. • The atmospheric pressure is measured in millibars. • The normal atmospheric pressure is 1013 millibars.
- 9. C. Prevailing winds • The winds coming from warmer areas like deserts would increase the temperature while the winds coming from a cooler region such as polar region, decrease the temperature.
- 10. D. Rainfall •Rainfall is measured by an instrument called a Rain gauge.
- 11. E. Humidity •Humidity is the amount of water vapour in the atmosphere. •The actual amount of water vapour present in the atmosphere is called “absolute humidity “. It is measured in grams per cubic meter. •Relative humidity is the ratio between the actual amount of water vapour present in the air and the total amount the air can hold at a given temperature. It is expressed in percentage.
- 12. •Humidity is measured with the of wet and dry bulb thermometer. It is also called as Hygrometer.
- 13. F. Sunshine •Sunshine is determined by the season and latitude of a place. •Cloudy skies keep out sunshine and affects weather.
- 14. G. Cloud • A cloud is a mass of small water droplets or tiny ice Crystal’s that float in the air.
- 15. Based on their shape and height where they are formed the clouds are classified as: •Cirrus clouds: •These are feathery clouds which form at very high levels of 5 to 10 km.
- 16. Cumulus clouds •These are cauliflower shaped clouds and they cause rainfall with lightning and thunder and are usually white or grey in colour.
- 17. Stratus clouds •These are sheet-like clouds that spread out over the whole sky. •They are less than 2km from the ground and appears uniformly grey and dull.
- 18. Nimbus clouds •These are the real rain clouds – thick, dark and black and spread out in layers. They cause continuous rain or snow.