1. The document discusses different ways to form negation in English using particles like "not", "no", "none", etc. and modifying verbs, adjectives, adverbs. 2. Examples are provided for negating verbs like "be", "have", modal verbs, as well as expressions with "any", "all", "either/or", "never", "yet". 3. Comparatives and quantifiers can also be negated using "not as...as", "not so...as", "not a lot", "not many". Negation of continuous actions uses "no longer" versus "still".

1. Negation
By : Ghada Elfauomy

2. 1
-not
1- verb to be : ( am – is are – was – were )
2- verb to have : ( has – have – had )
3- Modal verbs : ( can – could – shall – should – will – would – may –
might – must )
Examples :
He is playing now. He is not playing now.
They will come tomorrow. They won’t come
tomorrow.
She has enough money . She hasn’t enough
money.

3. 2
-
( Doesn’t – Don’t – Didn’t )
Examples :
She sleeps early . She doesn’t sleep early .
I walked a long road . I didn’t walk a long road .
-notto
( used to – need to – dare to – ought to )
Examples :
They used to ride horses. They used not to ride horses .
They dare to speak frankly . They dare not to speak
frankly .

4. 3
-somenoany – not
Examples :
She gave me some books. She gave me no books .
or She didn’t give me any books.
-allnot allnon of
Examples :
All pupils are present . Not all pupils are present .
or Non of the pupils is present.
-andor
Example : They went to school and listened to the teacher .
They didn’t go to school or listen to the teacher .

5. 4
-
Both …..and Neither …… nor
Either …..or Neither …….nor
Examples :
Both Khaled and Hassan are late . Neither Khaled
nor Hassan is late .
Either he or his sister must go . Neither he nor his
sister must go .
-Never
( always – often – sometimes – usually – generally )

6. 5
Examples :
She always helps in the kitchen. She never helps in
the kitchen .
We sometimes play football. We never play football .
-yet-not
( recently – lately – just – already )
Examples:
They have already seen this film . They haven’t seen this film
yet .
She has just arrived . She hasn’t arrived yet .

7. 6
–either – notToo / also
Example :
They will go to the theatre too. They will not go to
the theatre either .
-and neitherand so
Example :
He visited Luxor and so did his friend . He didn’t visit
Luxor and neither did his friend.
–as….asnot as ….asnot so ….as
Examples:
She is as beautiful as her sister . She isn’t as beautiful as her
sister .

8. 7
She isn’t so beautiful as her sister .
-a lot
A lot of + much
A lot of + many
Examples : I drink a lot of coffee. I don’t drink much coffee .
She has a lot of principles . She hasn’t many
principles .
-No longerstill
Example: They are still building the hut. They are no longer
building the hut .
–Don’t + inf
Example : Leave your book . Don’t leave your book.