This document provides an overview of negation in English. It explains that to negate a sentence, "not" or "n't" is added after the auxiliary verb or forms of "to be". If there is no auxiliary, "didn't", "doesn't", or "don't" is added after the subject. Examples of negating sentences in different tenses are provided to demonstrate this process. Key points covered include negation with verbs like "can", "should", and "be", as well as the use of "never" for negation.

1. An English lesson onAn English lesson on
NegationNegation

2. Introduction
Negation in English is very simple and easy to learn.
Makeof Negation
If the sentence contains an auxiliary verb or one of be verbs, we just add
not after the verb or “ n’t “ for abbreviation.
If the sentence doesn't have neither an auxiliary verb nor verb to be, we
write “ didn’t, doesn’t, don’t “ directly after the subject.
We use “ did “ when the tense is past simple, “ do, does “ when the tense is
present simple.
Do is used with “ I, you, we, they”.
Does is used with “ he, she, it“.
Be verbs are “ am, is, are was, were“.

3. Examples regarding every tense aloneExamples regarding every tense alone::
11--PresentSimplePresentSimple::
He plays football ___ He doesn’t play footballHe plays football ___ He doesn’t play football..
The reason is that there’s no an auxiliary in the sentence, so weThe reason is that there’s no an auxiliary in the sentence, so we
just add “ n’t “ after the verb and delete “ sjust add “ n’t “ after the verb and delete “ s“.“.
You teach English _____ You don’t teach EnglishYou teach English _____ You don’t teach English..
The reason is that there’s no an auxiliary verb the sentenceThe reason is that there’s no an auxiliary verb the sentence
contains; we add “ n’tcontains; we add “ n’t“.“.

4. 22--Present ContinuousPresent Continuous
He is playing football ______ He isn’t playing football.
The reason is the existence of the auxiliary verb which is “
is “, so we just follow “ is “ with “ n’t“.
You’re teaching English ______ You’re not teaching
English.
The reason is that there’s an auxiliary verb included in the
sentence; therefore, we just add “ n’t” after “ are“.

5. 33--Present PerfectPresent Perfect
He has played football _____ He hasn’t played football.
The reason is that we have an auxiliary verb in the sentence
which is “ has “, so we just add “ n’t “ after it.
I have taught English ______ I haven’t taught English.
The reason is that we have the auxiliary verb “ have “, as a
result, we just add “ n’t “ after it.

6. 44--Present Perfect ContinuousPresent Perfect Continuous
He has been writing a letter for two hours.
He hasn’t been writing a letter for two hours.
The reason is that we have an auxiliary verb which is : “ has
“, so we just add “ n’t “ after it.
I have been having lunch.
I haven’t been having lunch.
The reason is, simply, that we have an auxiliary verb named
as “ have “, so we just add “ n’t “ after it..

7. 55--Past SimplePast Simple
He played football ____ He didn’t play football.
The reason is that there’s no an auxiliary in the sentence, there’s a verb
instead. So, we just add “ n’t “ to the verb with the simple present form.
He taught English ____ He didn’t teach English.
The reason is that there’s no an auxiliary in the sentence, there’s a verb
instead. So, we just add “ n’t “ to the verb with the simple present form.

8. 6-Past Continuous
He was playing football _____ He wasn’t playing football.
The reason is that there’s an auxiliary verb included in the
sentence which is “ was “, so we just add “ n’t “ after it.
You were watching T.V when she cried.
You weren’t watching T.V when she cried.
The reason is that there’s an auxiliary verb included in the
sentence which is “ were “, so we just add “ n’t “ after it.

9. 77--Past Pe rfe ctPast Pe rfe ct
He had played football before his leg was broken.
He hadn’t played football before his leg was broken.
The reason is simply because we have an auxiliary verb which
is “ had “, so we just add “ n’t “ after it.
He had studied English before the electricity went off.
He hadn’t studied English before the electricity went off.
The reason is simply because we have an auxiliary verb which is
“ had “, so we just add “ n’t “ after it.

10. 88--Past Perfect ContinuousPast Perfect Continuous
He had been studying English for two years before he got the
job.
He hadn’t been studying English for two years before he got the
job.
Here, we have an auxiliary verb which is : had, so we just
follow it with “ n’t“.

11. 9-Future Simple
He will go to school now ____ He won’t go to school now.
We have an auxiliary verb called “ will “, so we just follow it
with “ n’t “, and it becomes “ won’t“.
10-Future co ntinuo us
He will be sleeping _____ He won’t be sleeping.
We have an auxiliary verb called “ will “, so we just follow it
with “ n’t “, and it becomes “ won’t“.

12. 1010--Future PerfectFuture Perfect
I will have perfected my English by the time I come back from the U.S.
I won’t have perfected my English by the time I come back from the U.S.
The reason is that I have already got “ will “ as an auxiliary verb;
therefore, we just add ‘ n’t “ after it.

13. 1111--Future Perfect Co ntinuo usFuture Perfect Co ntinuo us
I will have been waiting for two hours when her plane arrivesI will have been waiting for two hours when her plane arrives..
Here, we have “ will “, so we just write “ n’t “ after itHere, we have “ will “, so we just write “ n’t “ after it..
1212--Future in the PastFuture in the Past
He would go _____ He wouldn’t go.
There’s an auxiliary; we just follow it with “ n’t”.

14. With verb to beWith verb to be
He is a hero _______ He isn’t a heroHe is a hero _______ He isn’t a hero..
““is “ is a type of verb to be; therefore, we just write “ n’t “ after itis “ is a type of verb to be; therefore, we just write “ n’t “ after it..
WithAuxiliariesWithAuxiliaries
I can go _______ I can’t goI can go _______ I can’t go..
I should go ____ I shouldn’t goI should go ____ I shouldn’t go..
We just follow the auxiliaries with “ n’tWe just follow the auxiliaries with “ n’t“.“.

15. Negatio n in o rder
Don’t worry.
Don’t eat this.
Don’t be stupid.
We just add “ n’t “ after do.
Negation by using never.
He teaches English _____ He never teaches English.
Have no
I have no pen.
He has no car.

16. Negate the fo llo wing sentencesNegate the fo llo wing sentences:-:-
He will go to school tomorrow.
He can play football very well.
He has a car.
He has being studying for a long time.
He cleans his car every day.
I’m going to go to the U.S.
They are very naughty students.

17. ByBy
Talab Naser Talab HamodaTalab Naser Talab Hamoda
English DepartmentEnglish Department
‫طلب‬ ‫ناصر‬ ‫طلب‬‫طلب‬ ‫ناصر‬ ‫طلب‬
‫حموده‬‫حموده‬
‫الجنجليزية‬ ‫اللغة‬ ‫قسم‬‫الجنجليزية‬ ‫اللغة‬ ‫قسم‬