Negation refers to negative statements, judgments, or doctrines. Negation uses helping verbs like do not, does not, did not, have not, and had not to form negative sentences in simple present, present continuous, simple past, and past perfect tenses. Model verbs like will not, would not, cannot, could not, should not, might not, must not are also used for negation except for "may". Negative questions and imperatives express negation without using an auxiliary verb by using negative words like no, not, never, none, nobody, nowhere. While double negatives are discouraged, they can sometimes intensify the negation or become affirmative in some languages. Prefixes and suffixes can also be used to create negative

1. Negation

2. Negation
Definition of negation:
A: A negative statement, judgment, or
doctrine; especially: a logical proposition formed by
asserting the falsity of a given proposition.
B: Something considered the opposite of something
regarded as positive.

3. Negation by using helping verbs

4. Negation statement:
Simple
present
prono
un
Full form contradiction
I I am not I'm not
She,
he, it
he Is not he's not/ he isn't
They,
you,
we
They are not They're not/ they aren't
Simple
past
I, she,
he, it
I was not I wasn't
They,
you,
we
You were not You weren't
Example: I am not interested in reading.
She is not a doctor.
You were not an English learner.
•Verb to be:

5. Simp
le
prese
nt
pronoun Full form contradiction
I, they,
you, we
We do not We don't
She, he, it It does not It doesn't
Simple
past
All form I did not I didn't
•Verb to do:
Example: I don’t eat vegetables.
She doesn't do the homework.
They didn't go to school yesterday.

6. Simple
present
pron
oun
Full form contradiction
I, they,
you, we
You have not You've not/ you
haven't
She, he, it It has not She's not /she hasn't
Simple
past
All form I had not I 'd not/ I hadn't
Example: she has not eaten.
They haven't come to the party.
You'd not read the book.
•verb to have:

7. Model verbs
Full form contradiction
She will not She'll not/ she won't
He would not He'd not/ he wouldn't
It cannot It can't
They could not They couldn't
We should not We shouldn't
You might not You mightn't
I must not I mustn't
You shall not -------
Example: she won't come tomorrow.
They shouldn't go in the evening.
I could not read without my eyeglasses.
All model verbs except ''May'':

8. •Negative question :
Negative question form is (aux verb + not+ subject), or
(aux verb + subject + not).
Example: Didn't you attend the lecture?
Isn't she a teacher?
Negative question may have two different meanings:
-- To ask about something that you already know
Example: Isn't Sara coming yet?

9. --to show your opinion politely
Wouldn't be nice to paint the home front grey?
Expressing offers usually begin by; won't you---? Wouldn't
you---?, why don't you---?
why doesn't he tell me about that before?
Would not you like some sugar?
--to ask about something that should happens, but it doesn't.
Haven't the employees come yet.
Normally we did not ask questions to instruct people.
can you explain the point again?

10. •Negative imperative:
Imperative used to tell someone what to do. Negative imperative
form is :( do + not+ verb0). It may used as a request.
Example: Couldn't you bring my coat?
It may used as an instruction.
Example: Don't open the door.

11. •Negation without using auxiliary:
•Negative adverbs:
Negation can happen in a number of ways most commonly when
we use a negative word such as: no, not, never, any, nobody
Example:
A-Is there a bus at ten o'clock?

12. The most common negative words are no, not .other negative
words include (neither, never, none, nobody, nor, nothing,
nowhere).
Example:
1- She is never been a broad.
2- There was no newspaper left in the shop by one o'clock.
3- Nobody came to the house for several days.
4-None of my cousins live near us.
5- Must children do not walk to school any more.

13. • Negative of non- finite clauses :
In linguistic, a non-finite clause is a dependent clause is whose verb is non
_finite.]
For example: many language can form non-finite clauses from, infinitives
participles and gerunds .like any dependent (subordinate) clause a non-finite
clause servers a grammatical- role _commonly that of a (noun-adjective) or
adverb) in a greater clause that contains it.
As a dependent clause a non-finite clause plays some kind of grammatical role
within a larger clause that contains it.
That this role can be and what the consequent meaning is depends on the type of
non-finite verb involved, the contractions allowed by the grammar of the
language in question.

14. •Double negative:
Definition of Double Negatives:
Double negatives are two negative words used in the same sentence. Using two negatives
turns the thought or sentence into a positive one. Double negatives are not encouraged in
English because they are poor grammar and they can be confusing; but, they are sometimes
used in song lyrics and informal speech. double negatives can sometimes be used
for understated affirmation (e.g. "I'm not feeling bad" vs. "I'm feeling good"). In some
languages, double negatives cancel one another and produce an affirmative; in other
languages, doubled negatives intensify the negation. The rhetorical term for this is litotes.
Languages without negative concord typically have negative polarity items that are used in
place of additional negatives when another negating word already occurs. Examples are
"ever", "anything" and "anyone" in the sentence "I haven't ever owed anything to anyone"
(cf. "I haven't never owed nothing to no one" in negative-concord dialects of English, and
"Never have I owed nothing to no one"). Note that negative polarity can be triggered not
only by direct negatives such as "not" or "never", but also by words such as "doubt" or
"hardly" ("I doubt he has ever owed anything to anyone" or "He has hardly ever owed
anything to anyone").

15. Some double negatives may resolve to a positive; others
resolve to intensify the negative clause within a sentence.
Example:
• I didn't go nowhere today.
• I'm not hungry no more.
• You don't know nothing.
• There was never no more laziness at work than before.
While some double negatives become positives:
• I didn't not go to the park today.
• We can't not go to sleep!
• I have no doubt this sentence is false.

16. Double Negative Examples:
1-That won’t do you no good.
2-I am not got no time for supper.
3-Nobody with any sense isn’t going.
4-I can’t find my keys nowhere.
5-She never goes with nobody.
6-John says he has not seen neither Alice or Susan all day.

17. •Using prefixes and suffixes:
Prefixes and suffixes are sets of letters that are added to
the beginning or end of another word. They are not
words in their own right and cannot stand on their own
in a sentence: if they are printed on their own they have
a hyphen before or after them.

18. Prefixes: Prefixes are added to the beginning of an existing
word in order to create a new word with a different meaning. We
can use prefixes to give a meaning of negation.
Examples:
1- He was very disrespectful to the teacher.
2- He is unlikable man.
3- That is unbelievable.

19. Suffixes: Suffixes are added to the end of an existing
word. The addition of a suffix often changes a word from
one word class to another. In the table above, the verb like
becomes the adjective likeable, the noun idol becomes the
verb idolize, and the noun child becomes the adjective
childish. Suffixes can be used to make negation.
Examples:
1- He is useless man.
2-You should not be careless.
3-She is a heartless girl.

20. References:
Definition of negation (n. d. ). Retrieved from http://www.merriam-
webster.com/dictionary/negation
Double negation (n. d. ). Retrieved from http://examples.yourdictionary.com/examples-of-
double-negatives.html#6KrHh2xjZcQiqqSR.99
Double negation (n. d. ). Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_negative
Prefixes and suffixes (n. d. ). Retrieved from
http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/words/prefixes-and-suffixes
Negative adverbs (n. d. ). Retrieved from
http://search.myway.com/home/index.jhtml?p2=^AYW^xdm165^TTAB02^sa&n=781af5e9&ptb
=E6A0B891-8E50-4ABB-BB7F-250D8CD0E649&si=sendfilesfree&qs=fn

21. ‫الطالبات‬‫عمل‬:
‫الشقيف‬‫الحسين‬‫عهود‬‫ي‬
‫موسى‬ ‫خديجة‬‫العطوي‬
‫سليمان‬ ‫مشاعل‬‫العطوي‬
‫عودة‬ ‫جيهان‬‫البلوي‬
‫الرشيدي‬ ‫هالل‬ ‫دالل‬
‫مها‬‫نشمي‬‫الرشيدي‬
‫شروق‬‫اهد‬‫ف‬‫العنزي‬
‫عوض‬ ‫هديل‬‫الفقيري‬
‫الفقير‬‫هللا‬ ‫عطا‬ ‫أحالم‬
‫لرحمن‬ ‫عبدا‬ ‫مودة‬
‫القرني‬