The document discusses types of instructional media including images, text, audio, and multimedia. It describes Dale's Cone of Experience model of communication and different types of media and technologies used in education like writing boards, samples/models, projectors, computers, and the internet. It also discusses different types of instructional software applications, authoring tools, and delivery/management systems.

1. Alaa Sadik Ph.D, Hull, UK Department of Instructional & Learning Technologies College of Education www.AlaaSadik.net Workshop 3 Information & Instructional Technologies . Centre for Educational Technology

2. PART ONE Types of Instructional Media PART TWO Message Design Information & Instructional Technologies PART THREE Utilization of Media & Technology PART FOUR Applications 1

3. PART ONE Types of Instructional Media

4. Types of Instructional Media Image, Text and Audio

5. The Human Ear Text (words, numbers, signs, symbols, equations, etc.) The ear consists of three basic parts the outer ear, the middle ear, and the inner ear. Each part of the ear serves a specific purpose in the task of detecting and interpreting sound. ……………………………… ……………………………… ………………………………

6. The Human Ear Image (drawing, graph, photo, map, etc.)

7. Line Drawing Illustrated Drawing Kroki Sequenced Drawing Comparative Drawing Cartoon Caricatures Maps Posters Charts Flowchart Hierarchical Drawing Geometrical Figures Screenshots Photographs Types of Instructional Images

8. A simple representation of forms or objects by means of lines, curves and indicators to explain idea or show relationship. Line Drawing

9. A simple and attractive artwork that helps simplify concept or make an idea or relationship simple and clear. Illustrated Drawing

10. A group of pictures in a specified sequence that tell a story or illustrate a phenomena with titles and captions. Sequenced Drawing

11. A complex picture aims to explain the similarities and differences between two or more objects. Comparative Drawing

12. A map is a simplified depiction of a space or specific region, which highlights relations between objects within that space with navigational aids and appropriate scale. Maps

13. A poster is a graphic advertisement aims to post a specific message quickly and simply in a public place. Posters

14. A chart is a visual representation of data ( using lines, bars, pies… ) that displays the relationship among variables, usually cast along x and y axes. Charts

15. Flowcharts A flowchart is a diagram consisting of a set of specified symbols ( rectangles, diamonds, circle.. ) and connecting arrows that shows step-by-step progression through a procedure, process or system.

16. Geometrical Figures A two- or three-dimensional drawing illustrates a geometrical concept or relationship using accurate measures.

17. Screenshots A screenshot is an image captured by the computer to record the visible items on the monitor or another visual output device.

18. A visual representation captured using ordinary or special optical or digital camera. Photographs

19. The Human Ear Audio (human voice, sound effects, etc.) The human ear consists of ...

20. The New Media Class Hierarchy Temporal Static - Computational - Directive (Waters, 1998)

21. The Human Ear Temporal (animation)

22. Landing The pilot managed to land the airoplane safely Temporal (video)

23. Auditory Physiology Lab. This figure shows a summary of the maximum efferent mediated adaptation of the DPOAE for 168 intensity combinations of the primary tones in 0.4 dB steps. Computational (graphs)

24. Define Values Using Sliders Directive (sliders)

25. Multimedia Transmission that combine different media of communication ( text , graphics , audio, animation, video, etc. )

26. The human ear consists of three parts: The outer ear The middle ear The inner ear Listen The Human Ear Multimedia

27. PART TWO Message Design

28. Communication Process - Sender - Message (to carry the content) - Medium (to carry the message) - Receiver - Domain

29. Communication Process

30. Media & Experience Dale’s Cone of Experience

31. Dale’s Cone of Experience At the top: provide more information, compress information, faster for those able to process it, need more instructional support. At the bottom: involve the learner, encourage active learning, provide less information, more stimuli and richer experience

32. Dale’s Cone of Experience

33. PART THREE Utilization of Media & Technology

34. Writing boards Flipcharts OHP transparencies 35 mm slides Videotapes Models/real objects/samples/shapes … … … Audio-video-conferencing Digital projectors Smart classrooms Computers (software and storage media) The Internet Media & Technology Used in Higher Education

35. Writing Boards

36. e-Boards

37. Samples, Real Objects & Models

38. Samples, Real Objects & Models

39. Projectors

40. Smart Classrooms

41. Instructional Software Applications Drill-and-Practice Tutorials Simulation Instructional Games Problem-Solving Multimedia Teacher Utilities

42. Applications A group of applications programs that is designed to automate general-purpose and specific tasks such as word processing, database management, spreadsheet, attendance, accounting, grade reporting, scheduling and others.

43. Drill and Practice Drill and practice software provides exercises in which students work example items one at a time and receive feedback on their correctness.

44. Tutorials A tutorial exposes the learner to material that is believed not to have been previously taught or learned. A tutorial often includes pre-test, post test and drill and practice activities.

45. Simulations A simulation is a computerized model of real or imagined system designed to teach how a system works and allows learners to create their own sequence for using simulation.

46. Problem-Solving Problem-solving software is a type of content-free or content-based programs that places emphasis on critical thinking, analysis, logic and reasoning via the presentation of set of data or problematic event.

47. Teacher Utilities Non-instructional or administrative programs used to prepare instructional materials or organize, store, evaluate and report information on pupils’ achievement and progress.

48. Multimedia Programs that support the interactive use of text, audio, still images, video and graphics and manipulate them to support learning.

49. Authoring and Support Tools - For general purposes FrontPage, MX Flash, etc. - For instructional purposes ToolBook Instructor, Authorware, etc.

50. Authoring Tools Gneral FrontPage

51. Authoring Tools Instructional ToolBook Instructor

52. Authoring Tools Instructional ToolBook Instructor

53. Authoring Tools Instructional ToolBook Instructor

54. Authoring Tools Instructional ToolBook Instructor

55. Support Tools - Word processors Photo editors Drawing tools - Audio/video editors - Web browsers

56. Support Tools Photo editors PaintShop Pro Contains all the tools you need for creating, editing, and retouching your images. It is friendly enough for the casual user and professional.

57. Support Tools Drawing tools SmartDraw Contains all the tools you need for drawing shapes, instructional graphics, maps and flowcharts and export them in standard formats.

58. Support Tools Video editors Pinnacle Studio Contain many tools to edit and produce professional video clips.

59. Support Tools Multimedia authoring Liquid Media Rich multimedia authoring & presentation software package, capable of stunning effects with fluid motion.

60. Delivery and Management Systems WebCT - Tutor utilities - Course tools - Interaction tools

61. BlackBoard - Content builder - Communication tools - Assessment tool - Student administration Delivery and Management Systems

62. PART FOUR Applications 1 Powerpoint FrontPage PhotoStory