The document discusses the different tenses in English grammar. It defines tense as the change in verb form according to when an action occurs. There are 16 tenses total divided into present, past, and future categories. The present simple tense is described in detail, including its patterns for subject-verb agreement and examples of affirmative, negative, and interrogative sentences. The uses of the present tense include describing general truths and habits. Spelling rules are provided for the third-person singular form, and notes are made about adverbs of frequency and modal auxiliaries.

1. DEFINITION OF TENSE
TYPES OF TENSE
DEFINITION OF PRESENT TENSE
PATTERNS
THE USE/ FUNCTION

2. TENSE
A tense is the change of the verb form acording to the
time when it used.
KINDS OF TENSE
There 16 tenses in English
1. PRESENT
- PRESENT TENSE
- PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE
- PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
- PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

3. KINDS OF TENSE
2. PAST
- PAST TENSE
- PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE
- PAST PERFECT TENSE
- PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
3. PRESENT FUTURE
- PRESENT FUTURE TENSE
- PRESENT FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE
- PRESENT FUTURE PERFECT TENSE
-PRESENT FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

4. KINDS OF TENSE
4. PAST FUTURE
- PAST FUTURE TENSE
- PAST FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE
- PAST FUTURE PERFECT TENSE
- PAST FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

5. SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
DEFINITION
Present tense is the activities happen in a daily life.
A. Patterns
1. Nominal Sentences
Positive (+) Negative (-) Interrogative (?)
S + Tobe +C S + Tobe (Not)+ C Tobe + S + C?
I am I am not Am I ?
You are You are not Are You?
They are They are not Are They?
We are We are not Are We?
S + Tobe +C S + Tobe (Not) + C Tobe + S + C?
She is She is not Is she ?
He is He is not Is he?
It is It is not Is it?

6. Examples:
Positive Negative Interrogative
I am a student I am not a student Am I a student?
You are a teacher You are a teacher Are you a teacher?
They are farmers They are not farmers Are they farmers?
We are lecturers We are not lecturers Are we lecturers?
She is a student She is not a student Is she a student?
He is a teacher He is not a teacher Is he a teacher?

7. 2. Verbal Sentences
Positive (+) Negative (-) Interrogative (?)
Yes/ No Question
S + (Verb I) S+ don’t + (Verb I ) Do + S + (Verb I)?
I I + (do not) Do I
You You You
They They They
We We We
S + Verb (s, es) S + doesn’t + (Verb I) Does + S + (Verb I)?
She She (does not) Does She
He He He
It It It

8. Examples
Positive: Negative: Interrogative:
1. a. I eat 2. a. I don’t eat 3. a. Do I eat?
b. You work b. You don’t work b. Do you work?
c. We go c. We don’t go c. Do we go?
1. a. She eats 2. a. She doesn’t eat 3. a. Does she eat?
b. He works b. He doesn’t work b. Does he work?
c. Mirna goes c. Mirna doesn’t go c. Does Mirna go?

9. WH Question (?)
WH Question + DO + S + VI + O +? (I, You, They, We)
WH Question + Does + S + VI +O? (She, He, It)
Examples:
Where do you come from?
When does she come back?
NOTE:
the Qw Who, we don’t use do or does, directly use the verb
Examples: Who likes English? Who make this exercises?

10. B. Use/Function
 GENERAL TRUTH, FACTS
 The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
 The earth circles the sun.
 The sky is blue.
 President SBY has two children.
 One year consists of 365 days.
 Facebook is the most popular social networking
website on the internet.
 Water consists of hydrogen and Oxygen
 Medan is the fourth biggest city in Indonesia behind
Jakarta, Surabaya and Bandung

11.  Routines/ habits (habitual Actions)
talking about things you do regularly, all the time
 I always get up at 6 o’clock everyday.
 My sister never cleans her room.
 When do you usually get up?
 We often download movies and music from the 4share.com.
 He always updates the anti virus software of his computer
 We study English once a week.
 Both of them like online game
 Your friend work in front of computer
 She always replies my email.
 We always translate the text using Google translation.
 I never upload my photos to internet.
 Our teacher always browses information

12. C. THE SPELLING
(For the Third person Singular Subjects) (He,
she, it, Mirna, Budi, the cat, etc)
1. In general, add s to the base verb for third
person singular subjects
Examples:
 Mirna Works (She works)
 The cat eats (It eats)
 Budi drinks (He drinks)

13. 2. Verbs Ending in ch, sh, ss, x, o,  add -es
 Verbs ending “ch” ( teach, wash, watch, reach, preach,
catch,teach, research, etc)
 Ms. Roslina teaches at Polytecnic Negeri Medan
 My son always watches his favorite cartoon movie.
 Verbs ending “ sh “ (brush, wash, push, etc)
 Budi never brushes his teeth.
 He washes your motorcycle every weekend.
 Verbs ending “ ss “ (dress, pass, cross, etc)
 She dresses the uniform wear every Monday.
 Dedi passes the toefl ITP test every competition.

14.  Verbs ending “X” (box, fix, mix, wax)
 My father always fixes the computer himself
 Verbs ending “o” (do, go)
 My son usually does his homework in the evening.
 She goes to work at 8 o’clock.
3. Verbs ending in consonant + y, changes the y to i
and add “es”
 Consonant + y  i + es
 cry – cries, fly – flies, terrify – terrifies, accompany-
accompanies, reply-replies, carry-carries), dry –dries,
study - studies

15. D. NOTE
1. No change for Vowel+Y 
PLay  Plays Buy Buys
Destroy  Destroys Pay  pays Say  says
Stay  stays, etc
2. We use adverbs of frequency in present tense, when we
say how often we do things.
Adverbs of Frequency are Never Sometimes Often
Usually Always)

16. With Verb:
 Pattern: Subject + adverb of frequency + verb
 Thomas and Philip always begin their day at 7 o’clock.
 She usually plays basketball on Mondays.
 Peter often watches TV at breakfast.
With TO BE:
 Pattern: Subject + am/is/are+ adverb of frequency
 Thomas and Philip are always busy at school.
 They are never late for their activities.
 He is usually ready for breakfast at 7 o’clock.
 We are often in the music room during the breaks.
 James is sometimes tired at the end of the day.

17. 3. No change for Modal Auxiliary
(Can, Will, May, have to, etc), use the base verb
Example:
Positive Negative Interrogative
You can speak English You cannot speak English Can you speak English?
She may go home She maynot go home May She go home?

18. THANK YOU