The document provides a comprehensive guide on the use of the present simple tense, covering its application for everyday routines, habits, and general truths. It explains the structure of affirmative, negative, and interrogative sentences, along with examples, possessive forms, and adverbs of frequency. Additionally, it includes self-introduction practices and sequences for describing processes.

1. PRESENT SIMPLEPrepared by: HSC

2. The use of present simple•Describe everyday lifestyle•Habit•Routine•Things that are always/ generally true•Repeated or regular actions•State/being•Schedules events in the near future•Current

3. Present Simple•Verb to be•Verb•Singular/Plural•Affirmative•Negative•Question•Possessives•Progressive

4. Verb to be –state/being
I
am
He
is
She
is
It
is
You
are
We
are
They
are
For example:
I ama teacher.
He isan engineer. (Ali is an engineer)
She isfrom Malaysia. (Sara is from Malaysia)
It isa car. (Proton is a car)
You arethe winner of the contest.
We areat the office. (Ali and I are at the office)
They arestudents. (Ahmad and Sara are students)

5. Possessives
Pronoun (subject)
Pronoun (object)
Possessiveadjectives
Possessive pronoun
I
Me
my
mine
You
You
your
yours
He
Him
his
his
She
Her
her
hers
It
It
its
its
We
Us
our
ours
They
Them
their
theirs
Example
1.Iam a teacher.subject
2.Heis from Perak.subject
3.This is me.object
4.Myname is Sarah.Possessive adjectives
5.Hisname is Joe.Possessive adjectives
6.This bag is mine.Possessive pronoun
7.That house is theirs.Possessive pronoun
8.It is hiscar.Possessive adjectives
9.Do you love him?object
10.That is herbag.Possessive adjectives

6. Verb –use as base form. Add –s for third person I like chocolate. We live at Port Dickson. They go to gym regularly. You hate football. He lovescoffee. She plays futsal. It smilesat me.
For verbs that end with: -ch, -sh, -ss, -o, -x and –z, we add - esfor the third person.
1.GoHe goes to school by bus.
2.CatchShe catches the train on time.
3.WashMy father washes the dishes everyday.
4.KissLily kisses her daughter goodbye.
5.BuzzHe buzzes the bell.
6.FixShe fixes the tap.

7. Verb –the spelling for third personFor verbs which end with a consonant + y, we remove the ‘y’ and add –ies. 1.MarryJohn marries Sally. 2.StudyHe studiesFrench. 3.CarryShe carriesthe baby. 4.Worry He worriesabout me. For verbs that end with a vowel + y, we add –s. 1.PlayShe playsfootball and tennis. 2.EnjoyHe enjoyssushi very much. 3.SayShe saysOk.

8. Affirmative
Singular
Plural
I eatbread.
We writeemail.
You drink coffee.
They singin a choir.
He sleeps 10hours everyday.
She comes from Kuala Lumpur
It eatsfish for dinner.

9. Negative•Add don’tand doesn’t to make negatives with all verbs (except verb to be, modal verbs –can, might, should etc) •We add don’tand doesn’tbetween the subject and verb
I
don’t
You
We
They
he
doesn’t
she
it
1.I don’tdrink coffee.
2.You don’teat meat.
3.We don’tlike football.
4.They don’tlive here anymore.
5.He doesn’tplay football.
6.She doesn’tdrink tea.
7.It doesn’tsleep out.

10. Negative•Add Not to all verb to be, modal verbs (can, could, might, should etc), add not after the vtb, modal verbs. Not could also be in a contracted form –‘t.
1.He is not married/ he isn’tmarried.
2.I am not working/I’m not working.
3.They are not students/ They aren’tstudents.
4.She is notat her office/ She isn’tat her office.
5.We cannotdance/ We can’tdance.
6.You should not smoke here/ You shouldn’tsmoke here.
7.I might not attend to the meeting.
8.She must not yell at him/ She mustn't’ yell at him.
9.We could not tell him/ We couldn’ttell him.

11. Affirmative -Negative
1. We like dancing.
1. We don’t like dancing.
2. Idrink coffee.
2. I don’t drink coffee.
3. You playbadminton.
3. You don’t play badminton.
4. He wearsT-shirt to work.
4. He doesn’t wearT –shirt to work.
5. She speaksGerman.
5. She doesn’t speakGerman.
6.He is single.
6. He isn’t single.
7. She is a teacher.
7. She isn’t a teacher.
8. Iam from Malaysia.
8. I am not from Malaysia.
9. You are beautiful.
9. You are not beautiful.
10.They are rich.
10. They are not rich.
11. We are poor.
11. We are not poor.
Affirmative:
Subject + verb + …….
Subject + modal verb + verb + …….
Negative:
Subject + don’t/doesn’t + verb + ……
Subject + vtb+ NOT + ……
Subject + modal verb + NOT + ……

12. Question•We normally use door doesin order to make question. •We begin with Do/Doesin the beginning of the sentence. •Do/Does + subject + verb + rest of the sentenceExample: Doyou like coffee? Dothey drink soft drinks? Doesshe play football? Doeshe speaks English?

13. Question•We make questions with the verb to be and modal verbs in the beginning. Example: Areyou married? Ishe an engineer? Arethey students? Canyou speak English? Mustyou sleep here?

14. Question –short answers•Questions that begin with do/does, verb to be and modal verbs are usually answered in short form as in Yes/No. Example: 1.Doyou speak English?Yes, I do. No, I don’t. 2.Doeshe work at Aker?Yes, he does. No, he doesn’t. 3.IsJoe married?Yes, he is. No, he isn’t. 4.Arewe there yet?Yes, we are. No, we aren’t. 5.Canyou swim?Yes, I can. No, I can’t. 6.Shouldhe smoke?Yes, he should. No, he shouldn’t

15. Progressive•Present progressive is used for action is happening at or around the moment of speaking. •Temporary situation•Changing or developing situation•Fixed for the near future•We add –ingto all verbs Subject + verb to be + verb + -ingAffirmativeSubject + verb to be + NOT + verb + -ingNegativeVTB + subject + verb + -ingQuestion

16. ProgressivePresent progressive is used for action is happening at or around the moment of speaking. I am working at Aker.She is studying English. I am not working at Aker.She is not studying English. Are you working at Aker?Is she studying English? They are having a meeting.He is washing the dishes. They are not having a meeting.He is not washing the dishes. Are they having a meeting?Is he washing the dishes?

17. Progressive•Temporary situationI am staying with my parents. I am not staying with my parents. Are you staying with your parents? She is doing her homework now. She is not doing her homework now. Is she doing her homework now?

18. Progressive•Changing or developing situationHe is getting better.Today the weather is getting warmer. He is not getting better.The weather is not getting warmer. Is he getting better?Is it getting warmer today? Fixed for the near futureI am getting married next week.They are celebrating a party next week. I am not getting married next week.They aren’t celebrating next week. Are you getting married next week?Are they celebrating next week?

19. Present Simple•We use the adverbs of frequency to express our routines in detail. •Adverbs of frequency will be in front of theverb of the sentence. •Subject + adverb + verbI always drink coffee in the morning. He often plays football in the evening. She usually goes shopping alone. We sometimes have lunch at Paradigm. You rarely have dinner at home. They never go picnic.
Degree
adverbs
100%
always
80%
usually
60%
often
40%
sometimes
20%
rarely
0%
never
Note:
The rule for third person singular still applies for the verb.

20. Present simpleApplying adverbs in frequency in questions: 1. Do you often play football?Yes, I do. No, I don’t. I rarely play football nowadays. 2.How oftendo you play football?2 times in a week/twice weekly. 3.Does she always drink coffee?Yes, she does. No, she doesn’t. She sometimes drink coffee. 4.How often does she drink coffee?5 times in a day.

21. Present simple –WhquestionsWe use whquestions to seek for information: what, who, where, why, when, how and how then.
What
General information
who
people
when
time
where
places
why
reasons
how
theway/method
howthen
frequency
how much
price
1.What is your name?
2.Who is your teacher?
3.When do you start your English class?
4.Where do you have your class?
5.Why do you study English?
6.How often do you have your English class?

22. Present simple –whquestionsAnswer the questions about your company and your work. 1.Who do you work for?I work for……… 2.What does your company produce?My company produces…… 3.Where do you work?I work at……. 4.Why do you like your job?I like my job because…… 5.When do you start work?I start work at…… 6.How often do you take MC?I never/rarely……

23. Sequencing wordsWe use sequencing words to describe on the stages of process. Example: first of all, then, next, after that and finally. First of all, I check the emails. Then, I reply and forward the emails. Next, I conduct my morning briefing. After that, I proceed to the various departments to oversee the work flow. Finally, I prepare daily progress report.
First of all
Then
Next
After that
Finally

24. Self IntroductionGood morning! My name is Sara and I’m 27 years old. I come from Penang, the island of food paradise and I am now living at SubangJaya. I work as a flight attendant for MalindoAir. My job is to ensure passenger safety, first aider and customer service. I love my job because I like travelling and meeting people of different cultures. Hello, I am Azlina. I am 25 years old and I am from Langkawi. Langkawi is an island of tourist attraction and duty free. I work as a secretary in an advertising agency at Kuala Lumpur. My tasks are to filter telephone calls for my managers and administration duties. I like my job because it is easy and fun.

25. Introducing othersSara is my friend. She is 27 years old and comes from Penang. Penang is an island of food paradise and famous for sight –seeing. Sara works as a flight attendant for MalindoAir. Her job is to ensure passenger safety and comfort throughout the flight. She is also equipped with first aid knowledge. Sara loves her job because of traveling and meeting people. She is friendly, warmth and kind hearted. Azlinais my colleague. She is 25 years old and comes from Langkawi. She works as a secretary for an advertising company. She reports to two managers. Her job is to filter telephone calls, prepare minutes meeting and administration duties. Azlinalikes her job because it is easy. She is always happy.