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Preclinical DXA for in vivo body composition and bone mineral density measurements
The document provides an overview of the Insight Preclinical DXA system designed for in vivo body composition and bone mineral density measurement, detailing how DXA works and its advantages over other techniques. It outlines the system components, features, measurement parameters, and key research applications, particularly in studying metabolic bone diseases and obesity. Additionally, it includes findings from various studies demonstrating the system's effectiveness and accuracy in body composition analysis.
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Preclinical DXA for in vivo body composition and bone mineral density measurements
- 1. iNSiGHT Preclinical DXA systemfor in vivo body composition and bone mineral density measurements Tonya Coulthard, MSc. Manager, Imaging Division tcoulthard@scintica.com
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- 3. iNSiGHT Preclinical DXA systemfor in vivo body composition and bone mineral density measurements Tonya Coulthard, MSc. Manager, Imaging Division tcoulthard@scintica.com
- 4. WWW.SCINTICA.COM Topics of Discussion •What is DXA and How Does it Work • iNSiGHT System Overview • Key Research Applications 4
- 5. WWW.SCINTICA.COM What is DXAand How Does it Work • Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry • Acquired Images • Available Measurements • Comparison to Other Techniques 5
- 6. WWW.SCINTICA.COM Dual Energy X-RayAbsorptiometry (DXA or DEXA) • DXA is used to assess body composition • Different tissues in the body have varying mass attenuation coefficients (µn) • Two different x-ray beams, having different energies are generated at the source, passing through the body, hitting the x-ray detector • Equations are used to determine which type of tissue each pixel on the image represents • Bone • Soft tissue – fat mass or lean tissue mass Figure from Luo, Yunhua. 2017. Chapter 3 – Bone Imaging for Osteoporosis Assessment 6
- 7. WWW.SCINTICA.COM Acquired Images Images acquiredusing the iNSiGHT DXA system 7 X-Ray Attenuation Image Bone Mineral Density Image Color Image Fat (Orange) and Lean (Green) Mass
- 8. WWW.SCINTICA.COM Available Measurements 8 Parameter Unit of Measure Description (availableon whole animal, or from each ROI) BMD g/cm2 Bone Mineral Density Bone Area cm2 Bone Area in Image BMC g Bone Mineral Contents (Bone Mass) BMC = bone density x bone area Fat g Fat mass Fat Ratio % Fat Ratio = Fat/Total Mass Lean g Fat free mass Lean Ratio % Lean Ratio = Lean/Total Mass Total Mass g Total Mass = Fat + Lean + Bone Tissue Area cm2 Tissue Area in Image Images acquired using the iNSiGHT DXA system
- 9. WWW.SCINTICA.COM Comparison to OtherTechniques 9 DXA NMR (Echo MRI) Measurements Available • Fat Mass • Lean Mass • Bone Mineral Content • Fat Mass • Lean Mass • Water Content Scan Time • 25 seconds • 80 seconds • 30 seconds without water content Advantages • Bone/lean/fat and weight measurements • Images acquired • High degree of accuracy (CV < 1%, R2 > 0.9) • Water content available • No anesthesia required Disadvantages • Requires anesthesia • No bone or weight information • No images available DXA NMR
- 10. WWW.SCINTICA.COM iNSiGHT System Overview •System Components • System Features and Benefits • Technical Specification • Analysis Software 10
- 11. WWW.SCINTICA.COM iNSiGHT: System Components •X-Ray Benchtop Cabinet • Self-shielded • Integrated anesthesia • Standard electrical connection • Software Workstation • Windows 10 operating system • Offline Analysis Software • License based for offline analysis
- 12. WWW.SCINTICA.COM iNSiGHT: System Featuresand Benefits 12 • Longitudinal studies • Non-invasive data acquisition allows studying changes in body composition over time • Easy data acquisition • No preparation steps other anesthesia required • Low dose radiation • Minimizing effects on animals during each imaging session • Fast scan times (~25 seconds/scan) • Allows for high throughput studies • High-resolution images (100µm) • Study changes in body composition on small animals, incl. mice, rats, etc. • Wide scan area (16.5 x 25.5 cm) • Allows for a variety of animal models to be imaged, from 10 ~ 500g
- 13. WWW.SCINTICA.COM iNSiGHT: Technical Specifications 13 SpecificationDetails Scan Method Cone Beam Animal Size 10 ~ 500g Scan Time 25 seconds Image Area (maximum) 16.5 x 25.5cm Pixel Size 100µm at 1.2X 31µm at 4X Operating System Windows 10, 64bit Dimensions (WxDxH) 66 x 61 x 113 cm Power 110/240VAC, 50/60Hz, 200VA Operating Temp 10 ~ 40oC
- 14. WWW.SCINTICA.COM iNSiGHT: Analysis Software 14 Parameter Unitof Measure Description (available on whole animal, or from each ROI) BMC g Bone Mineral Contents (Bone Mass) BMC = bone density x bone area Fat g Fat mass Fat Ratio % Fat Ratio = Fat/Total Mass Lean g Fat free mass Lean Ratio % Lean Ratio = Lean/Total Mass Total Mass g Total Mass = Fat + Lean + Bone BMD g/cm2 Bone Mineral Density Bone Area cm2 Bone Area in Image Tissue Area cm2 Tissue Area in Image The image can be magnified to help draw specific ROIs, or to make length measurements on any bone
- 15. WWW.SCINTICA.COM iNSiGHT: Analysis Software 15 •Up to 7 ROIs can be drawn to get specific information • An exclusion ROI (blue) can be drawn and applied to all calculations • Length measurements can be completed on any bone
- 16. WWW.SCINTICA.COM iNSiGHT: Analysis Software 16 •Results from a longitudinal study can be displayed over time • Both trendlines and graphical representation of data is available • All data can be exported in .csv format • Images can be exported in standard formats
- 17. WWW.SCINTICA.COM Key Research Applications •Example Images • Research Areas of Interest • Key Studies 17
- 18. WWW.SCINTICA.COM Example Images -Mouse 18 X-Ray Attenuation Image Bone Mineral Density Image Color Image Fat (Orange) and Lean (Green) Mass
- 19. WWW.SCINTICA.COM Example Images -Rat 19 X-Ray Attenuation Image Bone Mineral Density Image Color Image Fat (Orange) and Lean (Green) Mass
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- 21. WWW.SCINTICA.COM Research Areas ofInterest • DXA, resulting bone mineral density and body composition data can be used in a wide variety of research areas • The iNSiGHT system can be used to assess the progression or regression of disease in response to a therapeutic regime • Bone Mineral Density: • Metabolic bone diseases, such as osteoporosis, etc. • Arthritis • Musculoskeletal diseases • Drug safety and toxicology • Lean/Fat Mass: • Metabolic disorders, such as diabetes, obesity, etc. • Musculoskeletal diseases • Drug safety and toxicology 21
- 22. WWW.SCINTICA.COM Key Studies –Body Composition Analysis • Body composition was analyzed in both mice and rats over time • X-Ray images were used to visualize skeletal and organ structures • Bone Segmentation images were used to check posture and confirm results • Color Composition images were used to monitor lean and fat mass over time 22 2019 KALAS International Symposium
- 23. WWW.SCINTICA.COM Key Studies –Obesity Study in Rats • This study showed the iNSiGHT system could be used to study changes in body composition over time • Rats fed normal and high fat diets over an 8-week study • Accuracy of DXA weight results was assessed by comparison to electronic scale measurements • Precision was assessed by measuring the coefficient of variation (CV) by making repeated measurements at week 8 23 Yeu, Jungyun et al. Laboratory Animal Research (2019) 35:2
- 24. WWW.SCINTICA.COM Key Studies –Obesity Study in Rats • Precision was assessed by measuring the coefficient of variation (CV) by making repeated measurements at week 8 • Accuracy of DXA weight results was assessed by comparison to electronic scale measurements 24 Yeu, Jungyun et al. Laboratory Animal Research (2019) 35:2 • Change in total body weight (TBW), total body fat weight (TBFW), and total body lean weight (TBLW) is shown over time in high fat diet and normal diet • Difference between diets is shown in the bar graphs over time
- 25. WWW.SCINTICA.COM Key Studies –DXA vs NRM (Echo MRI) • Comparison of body composition analysis results between DXA and NMR (echo MRI), verifying both precision and accuracy • Results were compared between modalities and to autopsy results • Authors found a higher level of precision and accuracy in the DXA measurements compared to NMR (echo MRI), along with additional bone mineral density measurements available using DXA and not with NMR 25 Baek, Kyung-Wan et al. Journal of Bone Metabolism. (2020) 27:4
- 26. WWW.SCINTICA.COM Key Studies –DXA vs NMR (Echo MRI) • Accuracy of results between systems was compared by measuring Fat Mass • No difference was seen between euthanized and anesthetized animals using DXA, a difference was noted when using NMR • Body Weight and Bone Mineral Content were only available on DXA and showed very strong correlation with the reference measured on electronic scale 26 Baek, Kyung-Wan et al. Journal of Bone Metabolism. (2020) 27:4 • Precision was assessed for all available measurements on each modality • Bone mineral content, body weight, and femur length measurements are not available using NMR • RE results are from euthanized animals, RA results are from anesthetized animals, repositioned between each measurement
- 27. WWW.SCINTICA.COM Topics of Discussion •What is DXA and How Does it Work • iNSiGHT System Overview • Key Research Applications 27
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- 29. Questions? Please enter yourquestions in the Q&A Any questions not addressed during the answered following the event. For additional information reach out to info@scintica.com or visit www.scintica.com Tonya Coulthard, MSc. Manager, Imaging Division tcoulthard@scintica.com