This document provides information about radiological imaging and age determination of the lower limb. It lists various x-ray views of the hip, femur, knee, patella, ankle and foot. It then details the appearance and fusion times of ossification centers in the iliac crest, triradiate cartilage, head and greater trochanter of the femur, and various bones in the lower leg, ankle and foot that are used to determine a person's age from their skeleton.

1. LOWER LIMB
RADIOLOGY

3. X RAY HIP JOINT AND PELVIS

4. Shenton’s line

7. X RAY FEMUR

8. X RAY KNEE JOINT

11. X RAY PATELLA – SKYLINE VIEW

12. X RAY ANKLE JOINT

14. X RAY FOOT

16. AGE DETERMINATION
•
OSSIFICATION CENTRE FOR ILIAC CREST : APPEARANCE – 14 YEARS FUSION 20-21 YEARS

17. OSSIFICATION CENTRE TRIRADIATE CARTILAGE : APPEARANCE – 13 YEARS FUSION – 15 YEARS

18. Head of femur : Appearance – 1 year Fusion – 18 years
Greater trochanter: Appearance – 4 years Fusion – 17 years
Lesser trochanter : Appearance – 12 to 14 years Fusion – 16 years

20. Lower end of femur: Appearance – 9 months intrauterine life Fusion – 20 years
Upper end of tibia: Appearance – At birth Fusion – 17 to 18 years
Upper end of fibula : Appearance – 3 to 4 years Fusion – 17 to 19 years

21. Lower end of tibia : Appearance – 1 to 2 years Fusion – 15 to 16 years
Lower end of fibula : Appearance – 1 to 2 years Fusion – 15 to 17 years

22. Talus : Appearance – 6 months of intrauterine life
Calcaneus : Appearance – 7 months of intrauterine life
Calcaneus secondary centre : Appearance 6 to 8 years Fusion 14 to 16 years
Cuboid : Appearance – 9 months of intrauterine life

23. Navicular bone : 3 years
Lateral cuneiform : 1 year
Medial cuneiform : 2 years
Intermmediate cuneiform : 3 years

24. THANK YOU
- Dr. Athira P A