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G. Besozzi Monza, 14-15 ottobre 2011 Tubercolosi: una malattia complessa Tubercolosi: malattia di sistema
Europe 439 000 (5.0%) Africa 2.4 m (26.9%) Eastern Mediterranean 634 000 (7.2%) South-East Asia 3.1 m (34.8%) The Americas 370 000 (4.2%) The Western Pacific 1.9 m (21.9%) Estimated new TB (all) cases (2007) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Estimated TB incidence rate (2007) 25 to 49 50 to 99 100 to 299 < 10 10 to 24 300 or more No Estimate per 100 000 population
MDR-TB prevalence in new cases, 1994-2003  Estonia Russia (Ivanovo) Latvia China (Henan) China (Liaoning) Dominican Rep Russia (Tomsk) Israel Ivory Coast Ecuador Kazakhstan Uzbekistan Lithuania Iran 4.9 7.8 10.4 6.6 12.2 5.0 14.2 5.3 14.2 9.3 9.4 9.0 13.7 13.2
Countries with XDR-TB  Confirmed cases to date Czech Republic The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the WHO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.  Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement.    WHO 2005. All rights reserved Ecuador Georgia Argentina Bangladesh Germany Rep of Korea Armenia Russian Federation South Africa Portugal Latvia Mexico Peru USA Brazil UK Spain Thailand Chile Based on MMWR March 2006 data, and information provided to WHO Stop TB Department.  December 2006
Global Tuberculosis Control. WHO Report 2003 . WHO/CDS/TB/2003.316 Stime della distribuzione della  co-infezione TB-HIV negli adulti, 2003 50 000 450 000 SS Africa:  9.5 million 150 000 50 000 100 000 400 000 SE Asia: 2.3 million 5 000 Totale: 13 Milioni Le dimensioni della duplice epidemia TB 2   Miliardi In Europa le stime di co-infezione HIV-tubercolosi in soggetti adulti sono di circa 50.000 casi al 2002, con tassi di prevalenza pari a 10-99/100.000   HIV 34 Milioni
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Poor health outcomes: ill health, malnutrition, high fertility Diminished income:  Loss of wages, costs of health care, greater vulnerability Poverty Vicious  Circle linking TB, HIV and Poverty TB HIV Needham D, PGF et al. IJTLD 1998 2: 811-817; Ogden J, Porter J et al. IJTLD 1999 3:
Asia 59% Africa 21% Nuovi casi di TB: stime di incidenza
2004: highest estimated TB rates per capita were in Africa 25 - 49 50 - 99 100 - 299 < 10 10 - 24 No estimate per  100  000 pop 300 or more Global Tuberculosis Control. WHO Report 2006 .  WHO/HTM/TB/2006.361 World Health Organization
Mortalita’ in Italia farmaci I guerra mondiale II guerra mondiale
La tubercolosi si può curare e può essere guarita  con i farmaci che abbiamo a disposizione nel 95% dei casi. Tuttavia si registrano ancora due milioni di morti all'anno. La terapia costa circa 20 €
E' chiaro che di fronte a questi numeri, non si tratta più di affrontare un problema sanitario, ma un  problema che è anche sociale, economico, politico,  etico. La tubercolosi è una patologia del sistema.
 

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PPT Besozzi "TB: a system disease"

  • 1. G. Besozzi Monza, 14-15 ottobre 2011 Tubercolosi: una malattia complessa Tubercolosi: malattia di sistema
  • 2.
  • 3. Estimated TB incidence rate (2007) 25 to 49 50 to 99 100 to 299 < 10 10 to 24 300 or more No Estimate per 100 000 population
  • 4. MDR-TB prevalence in new cases, 1994-2003 Estonia Russia (Ivanovo) Latvia China (Henan) China (Liaoning) Dominican Rep Russia (Tomsk) Israel Ivory Coast Ecuador Kazakhstan Uzbekistan Lithuania Iran 4.9 7.8 10.4 6.6 12.2 5.0 14.2 5.3 14.2 9.3 9.4 9.0 13.7 13.2
  • 5. Countries with XDR-TB Confirmed cases to date Czech Republic The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the WHO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement.  WHO 2005. All rights reserved Ecuador Georgia Argentina Bangladesh Germany Rep of Korea Armenia Russian Federation South Africa Portugal Latvia Mexico Peru USA Brazil UK Spain Thailand Chile Based on MMWR March 2006 data, and information provided to WHO Stop TB Department. December 2006
  • 6. Global Tuberculosis Control. WHO Report 2003 . WHO/CDS/TB/2003.316 Stime della distribuzione della co-infezione TB-HIV negli adulti, 2003 50 000 450 000 SS Africa: 9.5 million 150 000 50 000 100 000 400 000 SE Asia: 2.3 million 5 000 Totale: 13 Milioni Le dimensioni della duplice epidemia TB 2 Miliardi In Europa le stime di co-infezione HIV-tubercolosi in soggetti adulti sono di circa 50.000 casi al 2002, con tassi di prevalenza pari a 10-99/100.000 HIV 34 Milioni
  • 7.
  • 8. Asia 59% Africa 21% Nuovi casi di TB: stime di incidenza
  • 9. 2004: highest estimated TB rates per capita were in Africa 25 - 49 50 - 99 100 - 299 < 10 10 - 24 No estimate per 100 000 pop 300 or more Global Tuberculosis Control. WHO Report 2006 . WHO/HTM/TB/2006.361 World Health Organization
  • 10. Mortalita’ in Italia farmaci I guerra mondiale II guerra mondiale
  • 11. La tubercolosi si può curare e può essere guarita con i farmaci che abbiamo a disposizione nel 95% dei casi. Tuttavia si registrano ancora due milioni di morti all'anno. La terapia costa circa 20 €
  • 12. E' chiaro che di fronte a questi numeri, non si tratta più di affrontare un problema sanitario, ma un problema che è anche sociale, economico, politico, etico. La tubercolosi è una patologia del sistema.
  • 13.  

Editor's Notes

  1. It is helpful to set the European epidemic in a global context. WHO and UNAIDS estimate that at the end of 2003, between 34 and 46 million people were living with HIV/AIDS. Although most of these are in sub-Saharan Africa between 1.7 and 2.5 million are in Europe. The vast majority of these are in Eastern Europe
  2. The slides is self-explanatory. The TB rates in sub-Saharan Africa are impressive. As we will see, they will drive the overall trend.